2022年中考英语单项选择题-部分知识点讲解.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中考英语单项挑选相关讲解名师总结精品学问点t find it anywhere.查明；例如：I looked for my lost pen everywhere, but couldn几组近义动词和动词词组辨析（2） look after, take care of 均表示“ 照看,照料” ；（3） look over 检查身体等；1几个“ 花费” ：spend, take, pay, cost. （4） look forward to 希望 ,期望 ；例如：（1）spend 多用人作主语, 后接金钱或时间； spend on sth / （in） doing I am looking forward to your letter. sth,例如： I spent 15 yuan on this new book. She looks forward to going to visit her grandparents in Dalian.4几个“ 说” ：say, speak, talk, tell （ 2）take 常用于"It takes sb. some time to do sth" 句型中,例如：It often takes me half an hour to go to school by bike every day. （1） say 接说话的内容,作及物动词；say sth to sb. 对某人说某事；例（ 3）pay 常与 for 连用,表“ 付给 款” ；例如：如：Did you say goodbye to your granny. I paid 15 Yuan for this new book. （2）speak 常指能说某种语言,打电话经常用它表示说话,也有“ 演讲”（ 4）cost 常用物作主语,表“ 价值或花费多少钱” ,例如：的意思,不强调说话的内容；例如：This new book cost me 15 Yuan. We can speak Chinese and English. 2几个“ 看” ：look, see, watch, read, find May I speak to Henry. （1）look 看,表动作, look at；例如： Please don t loo k out of the window. He will speak at the meeting tonight. （ 2）see 观察,表结果；也可说看电影“see a film” ；例如：（3）talk 多是不及物动词,指交谈、 谈论； 做名词时有演讲、 报告之意；His father saw him sitting on some eggs. 例如：（ 3）watch 观看竞赛、演出、电视等；They are talking about their friends now. 名师归纳总结 （4）read 读书看报等文字材料；例如：My father is reading newspaper now. I will talk to your father about your health next time. 第 1 页,共 8 页3几个与“ 看”有关的词或词组：look for, find, find out, look after, take care Mr. Zhang is going to give us a talk at the meeting. of, （4）tell 的意思是“ 告知某人 ；叙述 ；嘱咐某人做 ” ；多为look over, look forward to, （1）look for查找, 表过程； find 发觉, 找到, 表结果； find out 找出,及物动词,后面多接两个宾语；例如：- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back tomorrow. 名师总结精品学问点单位前用 at ）； Granny often tells me funny stories. The policeman told us not to play football in the street 例如： We have already arrived in Shanghai. They arrived at school at 6:30 yesterday. again. （3） get to 表示到达,多用于口语中；例如：或 get 后不要加介5几个“ 穿,戴” ：put on, wear, dress, in I got to the Capital Cinema at 9:00. （ 1）put on 指“ 穿上、戴上” 的意思,强调动作,代词多放在中间；例留意 ：当表示到达here, there, home时, arrive如：词；Here is your coat. Put it on, Lucy. 例如： When did you get home. When will you arrive there. He put on his new pair of sunglasses and went out. 7几个“ 带、拿” ：bring, take, get, carry （ 2）wear 指“ 穿着,戴着” ,表示状态；例如：（1）bring 指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“ 拿来” 或“ 带来” ；例-“ What is she wearing. ” - “ Shewearing a red hat and a blue 如：Youd better finish you homework today and bring it to school jacket.”（ 3）dress 指“ 给某人穿衣服” ,其宾语多是人；例如：My mother is dressing herself. My little brother is too young. Mom dresses him every morning. dress up 指“ 穿上盛装,装扮”tomorrow. May I bring Tom along.Bring the book to me, please. （2）take 指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“ 带到” 或“ 拿到”离说话人较远处；例如：Could you take the book to the classroom. I am busy now. （3） get 指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来；例如：Will you get that book for me. （ 4）in 后多接衣服的颜色,表示“ 穿着 颜色衣服的” ；例如： The man in black is my father. Have you seen a boy in a red sweater. （4）carry 不强调动作来去的方向,只说明动作方式,表示“ 背着、扛6几个“ 到达” ：reach, arrive in / at, get to 着、提着、载着” 等含义；例如（ 1）reach 是个及物动词,它后面可以直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语；The buses and taxis are carry people here and there. 例如：The box is so heavy that the little boy cant carry it.We reached Shanghai at eight on Monday. 8几个与“ 听” 有关的词或词组：listen to, hear, hear of, hear from （ 2）arrive 是个不及物动词,后面接表示地点的名词作宾语时需在宾语前加介词 in 或 at （在国家和较大的城市或地区前用 in ,较小的地方或（1） listen to 听 ,表示听的动作；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （ 2）hear 听见,听到；表示结果；例如：名师总结精品学问点The library lends books to the students. I listened to the speaker carefully, but I couldnt hear anything.（3） keep 表示“ 储存” ,与表示一段时间的时间状语连用；例如：（ 3）hear of 听说 ；例如：How long may I keep the book. I have kept the book for 3 weeks. 12receive 和 acceptHave you heard of this news. （ 4）hear from 收到某人的信息或来信；例如：（1）receive 的意思是“ 收到了 ” ,只表示收到某物,并不说明同意I heard from my friend in Australia last week. 或不同意接受的含义；例如：9beat 和 win I received a gift from her, but I returned it back to her this morning. （ 1）beat 表示“ 赢” 或“ 打败” ,后面要接被打败的对手；例如：（2）accept 表示“ 接受 ”,“ 同意接纳 ”；如接受物体、 邀请、Our football team beat theirs by 3 to 1. 批判等；（ 2）win 用作及物动词时, 后面接的不是被打败的对手,而是竞赛本身、He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily. 嬉戏、战争、名次等；例如：13answer 与 reply Our football team won the football game by 3 to 1. （1） answer 意为“ 回答、响应、答复、接听电话” 等,多作及物动词；10 rise 和 raise 例如：（ 1）rise 是不及物动词,表示“ 上升、提高、增长” 等；例如：Who can answer my question.The sun rises in the east. I called you, but no one answered the telephone. Our countrys international prestige（ 国际声望 ）is rising continually. （2） reply 意为“ 回答、答复” ,是不及物动词,后需加介词 to, at 等（ 2）raise 是及物动词,表示“ 举起、抬起” ；再加宾语；例如：He raised his hand picked an apple. He didn t want to reply to my questions.11 borrow, lend 和 keep 14hope 与 expect （ 1）borrow 指其规律主语从别处或别人那里“ 借来” 东西,常与介词（1）hope 指主观上的愿望,但在客观上不肯定有实现的可能性,常接from 连用；例如：that 从句、动词不定式或以介词 for 引出的短语；例如：May I borrow some money from you. You can borrow books from the library. I hope you will come to see me again when you are 100 years old. Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. （ 2）lend 指其规律主语将东西“ 借出、借给” 别人,常与介词to 连用；（2）expect 着重指客观上有可能实现的“ 期望、期望” 等,其后可接名例如：词、代词、动词不定式或that 从句；例如：Could you lend me some money. I am expecting that you will come soon. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - She is expecting a letter from him. 名师总结精品学问点B. took C. made D. spent A. paid 15 lie 和 lay 7. People usually “helloto each other when they make a phone （ 1）lie 有多个意思：表示“ 躺；展现；位于” 时,其变化是：lay, lain, call. lying ；A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk 表示“ 说谎” 时,其变化是：lied, lied, lying 8. With the help of computers, news can every corner of the 例如： I saw an old man lying on the street. world. Dont believe him. He always lies. A. get B. arrive C. return D. reach （ 2）lay 的含意是“ 放置、产卵” 等；其变化是：laid, laid, laying. 9. Its too dark in the room. You can nothing. I cant find my book anywhere. I remember that I laid it on the desk A. look B. look at C. see D. watch last night. 习题精选10. My father enjoys the newspapers after supper. A. looking B. watching C. finding D. reading 11. It me about two hours to do my homework every day. A. takes B. costs C. spends D. pays 1. She has the library book for two weeks. 12. He spoke in a low voice, so nobody could him. A. kept B. lent C. borrowed D. keeping A. listen B. listen to C. hear D. hear from 2. “How to learn English well, Miss Read.”13. Can you it in English. “First, try to English in and out of class as much as possible. A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell A. say B. talk C. tell D. speak 14. What will your friend us from America. 3. Its hot here. Why not your coat. A. take B. bring C. carry D. make A. take off B. dress up C. try on D. put on 15. You can see the sun in the east at this time if it is a fine day. 4. We start early tomorrow morning to the top of the hill before the A. to rise B. rising C. raising D. to raise sun rises. 名师归纳总结 A. spend B. reach C. go D. get 第 4 页,共 8 页5. I am thirsty, please me a bottle of water. A. take B. carry C. pull D. bring 6. Mother said that cooking much time every day. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结 精品学问点用法：常作定语 单个词前置,短语后置 、宾语补足语和状语 如时间状名师归纳总结 非谓语形式：语、方式状语、相伴状语等 ；第 5 页,共 8 页不定式过去分词意义：动词的非谓语形式,常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后,作意义：动词的非谓语形式, 常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间已发生的动作；主语、宾语 动词宾语 、宾语补足语、 表语、定语 常表示功能 、表示被动；状语；用法：常作定语 单个词前置,短语后置 、宾语补足语和状语 如时间状语、构成：不定式= to 动词原形方式状语、相伴状语等 ；否定结构 = not to do sth 3举例说明：复合结构 = for sb. notto do sth .I want to give up studying at school to look after my sick mother at 与疑问词连用：如what to dohome. 在以下动词后的不定式省略“ to” ：三看look see watch 两听listen hear点拨：作谓语主动语态一般现在时；非谓语发生在谓语之后不定式；一感觉feel ,留意notice 使make 让let have 帮help 可非谓语发生在前位非谓语之前动名词；非谓语发生在前位非谓语之后不定不省；式；形式主语：当不定式、否定结构、复合结构、与疑问词连用等形式作句子 The teacher told us not to forget to turn off the lights when we left the 主语时,用 it 来代替它,而将真正的主语置于谓语之后,“it” 叫形room式主语；点拨：作谓语主动语态一般过去时；非谓语发生在谓语之后不定式；动名词非谓语发生在前位非谓语之后不定式；作谓语主动语态一般过去时；意义：动词的非谓语形式, 经常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前, 3 Look, There is a boy taking down a picture put upon the wall. 表示事实、爱好、功能、习惯等,起名词作用；作主语、宾语 包括介词点拨：作谓语一般现在时；非谓语相对谓语即时时间正在发生,主动宾语和动词宾语 、表语、定语 常表示功能 等；现在分词 .非谓语发生在前位非谓语之前表示被动过去分词. 构成：动名词=V+ing 二 既要求同亦要寻异 . 否定结构 = not doing sth 凡事都具有共性,又具有个性；不能千篇一律地用某个规章或原理去解决全部 . 复合结构 =onenot doing sth 问题；因此,在把握现在分词实义动词基本用法的大前提下,老师仍要引导、启示、训练同学善于观看、比较、体意义：动词的非谓语形式,常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间正在发生味个别动词的特别用的动作,表示主动；法,做到共性与个性的统一；关于动名词的使用应留意：- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1介词 动名词如： You can watch TV after fishing your homework. 名师总结精品学问点to do ：表示详细活动例： Can you come out to play with me . 名师归纳总结 2动词 词组 动名词这样的动词有： Stop 第 6 页,共 8 页give in doing 屈服做某事be busy doing 忙于做某事doing ：停止做某事 某事不做了 例：Please stop working if you are tired. stop sb.from doing 阻挡某人做某事practice doing 练习做某事to do ：停下来去做某事 某事要做 例：I am tired to have a rest. enjoy doing 喜爱做某事finish doing 做完某事 go on complete doing 做完某事end up doing 做完某事doing ：连续做同一件事例： Go on studying hard if you want to get better mind doing 介意做某事spend in doing 花费时间做某grades. 事to do ：连续做另一件事例： After leaving school,he go on to go to college. can t stand doing 容忍做某事 keep on doing 始终做某事.remember be worth doing 值得做某事appreciate doing 感谢做某事doing ：记得做过的事例： I remember seeing you somewhere. avoid doing 防止做某事be used to doing 习惯做某事to do ：记得要做的事例： Rrmember to turn off the light when leaving the pay attention to doing 留意做某事get used to doing 习惯做某事room. .forget excuse doing 推辞做某事 give up doing 舍弃做某事carry on doing 坚持做某事 do some reading 读书 doing：遗忘做过的事例： I forget seeing you somewhere make a countribution to doing do /washing/swimming洗衣 / 游泳 to do：遗忘要做的事例： Dont forget to turn off the light when leaving the 为做某事做奉献 look forward to doing希望做某room 事.need/want/require prefer doing to doing与做某事比,take a swimming course 上游泳课doing ：表示被动例 The blackboard needs cleanin g The blackboard needs 更喜爱做某事insist on doing 坚持做某事to be cleaned. stick doing 坚持做某事take the leading position 站主导位置consider doing 考虑做某事imagine doing 想像做某事to do ：表示主动例： She needs to have a rest. miss doing 错过做某事 put off doing 推迟做某事.try risk doing 冒险做某事 suggest doing 做某事建议 doing：试着做某事例： Let me try driving for you.3. 以下动词既可接不定式又可接动名词,但意义不同： to do：尽力做某事例： We must try to finish it on time. .like/love/hate .continue doing：表示习惯例： I like getting up early every morning. doing ：连续做同一件事例：Continue studying hard if you want to get better - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - grades. 名师总结精品学问点.sb. to do：答应某人做某事做例： We dont allow you to smoke here to do：连续做另一件事 例： After leaving school,he .continue to go to college. .advise .can t help . doing：建议做某事 例： We advise going skating tomorrow. doing：情不自禁做某事 例： when he heard the news,he cant help . sb. to do：建议某人做某事 例： We advise you to go skating tomorrow.jumping. .permit to do：不能帮忙做某事 例： Sorry, I can t help to do it for you. . doing：答应做某事 例： The boss did not permit working for shorter. .mean . sb. to do：答应某人做某事 例： The boss did not permitme to work for shorter. . doing：意思做某事 例： What I said means not telling him the news now. .begin/start 开头做某事 . to do：准备做某事 例： I mean to start off tomorrow. . doing：“doing ”为动态动词或 begin/start 为其它时态 例： Lets begin .agree running. . on doing：对做某事表示同意 例： We agree on holding a sports meeting . to do：“ do”为静态动词或 begin/start 已为进行时 例：I began to believe what soon. he had said. 例： It is beginning to rain. . to do：同意要做某事 例： I agree to go to the park on Sunday. .plan .decide . on doing 对做某事做出方案 例： We have decided on building a school next . on doing：对做某事做出打算 例： We have decided on stopping him from year.woking on. . to do 方案做某事 例： We have decided to build a school next year. to do：打算要做某事 例： I decide to go abroad for study. .encourage .doing：勉励做某事例：The government encourages planting trees to protect the environment .sb. to do：勉励某人做某事例： The teacher often encourages us to study hard. .allow 名师归纳总结 .doing：答应做某事例：We don t allow smoking here 第 7 页,共 8 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师总结精品学问点. “ 肯定” ,表示估计,可能性较大例： The book must be his because his 3.1 基本用法：name is on it. 情态动词加动原,不随主语人称变；否定常需not 帮,疑问提到主语前；will “ 情愿” 用于一般现在时, 表示委婉语气适用于主语是全部人称. 例：2 情态动词小结：Will you please give can could may might must will would shall should dare me a hand. had better ought to havehashad to be able to need would “ 情愿” ：用于一般现在或一般过去时,比will语气更委婉,适用于举例说明：主语是. can 全部人称 . . 例： Would he like something to eat. . “ 能够” 常用于一般现在时例： I start so early so that I can get shall “ 情愿” ：用于一般现在时,表示委婉语气适用于主语是第一人称；to school on time. Shall we start. . “ 可能” ,表示估计“ 确定”例： He has gone to Beijing, So he can should “ 应当” ：表示主观意愿,用于各种时态和全部人称；例： We should not be at work now. work hard. could dare “ 敢”例： How dare you say that. .“ 能够” 用于一般过去时 例：I started so late that I could not catch had better“ 最好” ：变疑问“had” 提到主语前,变否定在“better ” 后加the bus. “ not ”“ 能够” 用于一般现在时, 表示更加委婉的语气 例：Could you please 例： You had better not be late next time. help me. . ought to “ 理应” ：变疑问“ought ” 提到主语前,变否定在“ought ” 后加“ 可能” ,表示估计“ 确定”例： He could not be at home because I “ not ”had seen him at school. 例： He oughtn t to do such things. may havehashad to“ 不得不” ：表示客观因素的迫使；变疑问和否定借助 . “ 可以” 用于一般现在时 例：You may do it now or tomorrow. do/does/did. “ 可能”