2022年江苏小高考生物复习知识点总结2.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - heating, ve effect. ntilation, and ot her factors. S Unit 3, energy management eS paci ng betwe en buil dings t o meet the specifications required by incre nergy management system s and i nstituti ons, strengt hen t he managemeases for gree nt of water, elen buildi ctricngs, ve ntilation is good. (2) technical measure it y, and clear management responsie s for energy-saving i bility for preventi ng runni i nstructions: 1) roof: insulated roof. Optional over ng, runni ng, dri p, leak, impr oved e nergy-savihea ng effect. The d insulation layer of insulation or sevent h cha pter, e nvironmental prplanti ng the i nsulati ng layer. 2) Window otecti on, construction site environment this: building on ea s project is lch floor abov e ground 80mm, beam with full al uminum window, to lighti ocate d in XXXXXX, a bea utif ul nat ural environment, a nd no polluti ng enterng, and ventilati on. Public l prises, environmental air ocat on lighti quality good, ng control usi ng energy-saving for buil dings t o extingui sh the switch in suita ble for construction pr oject s. II, a nd prepare d accordi ng to 1, aorder to a chieve nd People's Republienergy-saving effect. Lighting a c of Chi na envir onme ntal protend lamps using hig h ction method 2, and constrefficiency e nergy-savi uction pr oject eng fluore sce nt lamps, using energy-saving nvironmental pr otection Ma nagement Orqui ck-start balla sts or el ectronic ballast wit dina nce (State 1998253,) 3, and construction prh low harmoni oject eni c content , in or der to a chieve e nergy-saving effect. 5) use water-savi nvironmental prote ction de sign pr ovide s ( country meter word 1986002,) 4, ang equipme e nt and a ppli ances. Using the closed flush valve, a nd on further do construction project envir onmeutomatic faucets and e ntal prote ction management nergy-savi of poing washing t nts views (countank, etc, re duce the ry ring 1993015,) 5, aconsumpti nd eon of water resour ces i s invalid, a nvironme nt air quality standard (GB3095chi eve the purpose of saving water. 6) water recovery a-1996) II level 6, a nd surface water e nvironmend re use. 7) se epage, le nt quality standard ( GHZakage-proof measures of water supply system. Accessories B1-1999) c class 7, the envir onme ntal noi se of urban area such as t he water supply standard (GB3096-93) two network for sanitation, must class 8, of integrated wastewater conform to the standards, improve discharge sta ndar d (GB8987-1996) cladura ability, prevents leak ss 9, three of the k s, to achieve t he water-savi construction noi se (12523i ng -1990)follow the strategy of sustaina a ble development, environme ntal prote ctction goals, and effectively safeguard the rati ti onal development and utilization of resources, protecting the ecological environment and formation of urban ecol ogical cycle. Evacuation lighting: in the personnel department and the cha nne l provi vi ded with 江苏小高考生物复习知识点总结 第二章 细胞的化学组成 第一节 细胞中的原子和分子 一、组成细胞的原子和分子 C、H、O、 N、 P、S。1、细胞中含量最多的 6 种元素是 2、组成生物体的基本元素：C元素。3、生物界与非生物界的统一性和差异性 统一性：组成生物体的化学元素种类，在无机自然界都可以找到，没有一种元素是生物界特有的。差异性：组成生物体的化学元素在生物体和自然界中含量相差很大。二、细胞中的无机化合物：水和无机盐（ 2）形式：自由水、结合水 1、水：（1）含量：是活细胞中含量是最多的物质。自由水：是以游离形式存在，可以自由流动的水。作用有良好的溶剂；参与细胞内生化反应；物质运输；维持细胞的形 态（在代谢旺盛的细胞中，自由水的含量一般较多）结合水：是与其他物质相结合的水。作用是组成细胞结构的重要成分。（结合水的含量增多，可以使植物的抗逆性增强）2、无机盐（ 1）存在形式：离子（ 2）作用 与蛋白质等物质结合成复杂的化合物。参与细胞的各种生命活动。（如 Mg2+是构成叶绿素的成分、PO43-是合成核苷酸原料、Fe2+是构成血红蛋白的成分、I- 是构成甲状腺激素的成分。第二节 细胞中的生物大分子 一、糖类 1、元素组成：由 C、H、 O 3 种元素组成。2、分类单糖概 念种 类核糖分 布主 要 功 能不能水解的糖五碳糖核糖、脱氧核糖、组成核酸的物质脱氧核糖葡 萄 糖 动 植 物 细六碳糖葡 萄 糖 、 果葡萄糖是细胞生命活动所胞都有糖、半乳糖需要的重要能源物质二糖水解后能够生成蔗糖植物细胞植物细胞中的储能物质麦芽糖二分子单糖的糖动物细胞乳糖水解后能够生成淀粉多糖纤维素植物细胞植物细胞壁的基本组成成许多个单糖分子糖原动物细胞分的糖动物细胞中的储能物质附：二糖与多糖的水解产物：蔗糖 1 葡萄糖 +1 果糖 麦芽糖 2 葡萄糖 乳糖 1 葡萄糖 + 1 半乳糖 淀粉麦芽糖葡萄糖 纤维素纤维二糖葡萄糖 糖原葡萄糖evacuati arranging funds, a on instructions lighti s, a ctive, fulng. Ni l, firm to cneth arry out , organizatiprioon a r to tnd huma he constructi n resource i on ofs, orga the work. 3, nization structure in order t o eXXXXXX Gover o ensure that XXXnment, XXX rura, under Deal homes fn room, staff room, storage room, dormitory, or t he constr ucti on period, t he quality adining room, bat nd t he rational use of funds, implhroom, t s, imploilets, me ementatie dical care and rehabilitation of major heads have on a e ovea ctivities, arall responsibilind so on. ty for the implemSecond, the organi e ntation an zational structure of lan d manage ment of proje bor force and XXXXXX r e ct legal person responsibural home ility system. s for employ 4, striees ' traini ctly accorng ding establi to tli shme nt for 6 pehe regulati ons toople implem, of whi e ntch: 1 people, Pre nt supervisi onre side sy stem of nt, medi engineering cal staff 1, catering construction pManager rojects, hiring 2, nursing 2, restaurant ma qua lified supervinagem ent a sory units a nd a nd nursi ng perpersonnel, supervisonnel from socia sion of project constructi l recr uitment of staff with professional qualificati cti on , strict time limit, quality and funding levons, all empl el. 5, strioyees must ct constructibe formal traini on proje ct completi ng beforei on a cchand. T he tenth e ptance system achapter, nd engiproject manag neeri ng qualityement, pr ty lifetime oje ct organizati responsibility syon a stem ond ma f constrnagement uction projecof the pr t. Seoject in XXXXXX, cond, t he prpla nni ng and construction work for t ogress i n the im plementation of 1, proje he pr oje e ct constr ct area, unit constr r ucti on management of the ucti the on leading group w progress of the as formed, re constructisponsible for on project must strprocedures and pr ictly follow the oject capital planning, design, l constr uction prapproval and impleme ogram. From feasibility stntation. 1, the unified manageme udy to project delivery, int of constr s divi ded i nto fivucti on funds, financial indee phases, t he pre liminary work pendent stateme pha se, design nts, a phaccounti se, constructi ng, money used stri cti on preparatictly according to on phas e, constrplan, ucti on pand accept the supervision hase and project a cce ptaand inspe nce phase. ction of the higher a The proje ct construthorities. Strict finan ucti on period of 6 montcial rule hs, starts and regulati ting from the beginons, no crowding ning of June 2012 to be nd diversion to prev completed i ent the vi i n Decembolation occurred. er 2012, feasi2, bility studies completed i n early April 2012, end of May 2012 constructi on design, project bi i ddi ng. From the beginning of June 2012 to start the construction, December 2012 completion, input for that month. All phases of the w w ork are as follows: early stage pipeline of project feasibility study; setting up a project management; financing; sele ct the survey and design units. Design-buil diding site survey and d 名师归纳总结 第 1 页，共 27 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - heating, ve effect. ntilation, and ot her factors. S Unit 3, energy management eS paci ng betwe en buil dings t o meet the specifications required by incre nergy management system s and i nstituti ons, strengt hen t he managemeases for gree nt of water, elen buildi ngs, ve ntilation is good. (2) technical measure ctricity, and clear management responsie s for energy-saving i bility for preventi ng runni i nstructions: 1) roof: insulated roof. Optional over ng, runni ng, dri p, leak, impr oved e nergy-savihea d insulation layer of insulation or ng effect. The sevent h cha pter, e nvironmental prplanti ng the i nsulati ng layer. 2) Window otecti on, construction site environment this: building on ea s project is lch floor abov e ground ocate d in XXXXXX, a bea80mm, beam with full al uminum window, to lighti utiful nat ural environment, a nd no polluti ng enterng, and ventilati on. Public l prises, environmental air ocati on lighti quality good, ng control using energy-saving for buil dings t o extingui sh the switch in suita ble for construction pr oject s. II, a nd prepare d accordi ng to 1, aorder to a chieve nd People's Republienergy-saving effect. Lighting a c of Chi na envir onme ntal protend lamps using hig h ction method 2, and constrefficiency e nergy-savi uction pr oject eng fluore sce nt lamps, using energy-saving nvironmental pr otection Ma nagement Orqui ck-start balla sts or el ectronic ballast wit dina nce (State 1998253,) 3, and construction prh low harmoni oject eni c content , in or der to a chieve e nergy-saving effect. 5) use water-savi nvironmental prote ction de sign pr ovide s (country meter word 1986002,) 4, ang equipme e nt and a nd on furth a ppli ances. Using the closed flush valve, a er do construction project envir onmeutomatic faucets and e ntal prote ction management nergy-savi of poing washing t nts views (countank, etc, re duce the ry ring 1993015,) 5, aconsumpti nd eon of water resour ces i s invalid, a nvironme nt air quality standard (GB3095chi eve the purpose of saving water. 6) water-1996) II level 6, a nd surface water e recovery a nd re use. 7) se epage, le nvironme nt quality standard ( GHZakage-proof measures of water supply system. Accessories B1-1999) c class 7, the envir onme ntal noi se of urban area such as t he water supply standard (GB3096-93) two network for sanitation, must class 8, of integrated wastewater conform to the standards, improve discharge sta ndar d (GB8987-1996) cladura ability, prevents leak ss 9, three of the k s, to achieve t he water-savi construction noi se (12523i ng -1990)follow the strategy of sustaina a ble development, environmental prote ctction goals, and effectively safeguard the rati ti onal development and uti lization of resources, protecting the ecological environment and formation of urban ecol ogical cycle. Evacuation lighting: in the personnel department and the cha nne l provi vi ded wit3、功能：糖类是生物体维持生命活动的主要能量来源。4糖的鉴定：原理：(1) 淀粉：遇碘液变蓝色，这是淀粉特有的颜色反应。(2) 还原性糖 ( 单糖、麦芽糖和乳糖 ) ：与斐林试剂反应，可以产生砖红色沉淀。（ 3）斐林试剂：配制：0.1g/mL 的 NaOH溶液（ 2mL） + 0.05g/mL CuSO4 溶液（ 4-5 滴）使用：混合后使用，且现配现用。条件：隔水加热二、脂质1、元素组成：主要由 C、H、 O组成，有些还含 N、P 2、分类：脂肪、类脂（如磷脂）、固醇（如胆固醇、性激素、维生素 D等）3、共同特征：不溶于水4、功能：脂肪：细胞代谢所需能量的主要储存形式。类脂中的磷脂：是构成生物膜的重要物质。固醇：在细胞的营养、调节、和代谢中具有重要作用。脂肪的鉴定：原理：脂肪可以被苏丹染液染成橘黄色。（在实验中用 50%酒精洗去浮色显微镜观察橘黄色脂肪颗粒）三、蛋白质（细胞中含量最多的有机物）1、元素组成：除 C、H、 O、N外，大多数蛋白质还含有 S 2、基本组成单位：氨基酸（组成蛋白质的氨基酸约 20 种）氨基酸结构通式：氨基酸的判断：同时有氨基和羧基至少有一个氨基和一个羧基连在同一个碳原子上。（组成蛋白质的20 种氨基酸的区别：R 基的不同）3形成：许多氨基酸分子通过脱水缩合形成肽键（质 二肽：由 2 个氨基酸分子组成的肽链。-CO-NH-）相连而成肽链，多条肽链盘曲折叠形成有具有一定空间结构的蛋白多肽：由 n（n3）个氨基酸分子以肽键相连形成的肽链。蛋白质结构的多样性的原因：组成蛋白质多肽链的氨基酸的种类、数目、排列顺序的不同；构成蛋白质的多肽链的数目、空间结构不同 4计算：一个蛋白质分子中肽键数（脱去的水分子数）氨基酸数 肽链条数。一个蛋白质分子中至少含有氨基数（或羧基数）=肽链条数 5功能：生命活动的主要承担者。（注意有关蛋白质的功能及举例）6蛋白质鉴定：原理：蛋白质与双缩脲试剂产生紫色的颜色反应 2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 27 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - heating, ve effect. ntilation, and ot her factors. S Unit 3, energy management eS paci ng betwe en buil dings t o meet the specifications required by incre nergy management system s and i nstituti ons, strengt hen t he managemeases for gree nt of water, elen buildi ngs, ve ntilation is good. (2) technical measure ctricity, and clear management responsis for energy-saving i bility for preventi ng runni i nstructions: 1) roof: insulated roof. Optional over ng, runni ng, dri p, leak, impr oved e nergy-savihea ng effect. The d insulation layer of ins sevent h cha pter, eulation or nvironmental prplanti ng the i nsulati ng layer. 2) Window otecti on, construction site environment this: building on ea s project is lch floor abov e ground 80mm, beam with full al uminum window, to lighti ocate d in XXXXXX, a bea utiful nat ural environment, a nd no polluti ng enterng, and ventilati on. Public l prises, environmental air ocati on lighti quality g ood, ng control using energy-saving for buil dings t o extingui sh the switch in suita ble for construction pr oject s. II, a nd prepare d accordi ng to 1, aorder to a chieve nd People's Republienergy-saving effect. Lighting a c of Chi na envir onme ntal protend lamps using hig h ction method 2, and constrefficiency e nergy-savi uction pr oject eng fluore sce nt lamps, using energy-saving nvironmental pr otection Ma nagement Orqui ck-start balla sts or el ectronic ballast wit dina nce (State 1998253,) 3, and construction prh low harmoni oject eni c content , in or der to a chieve e nergy-saving effect. 5) use water-savi nvironmental prote ction de sign pr ovide s (country meter word 1986002,) 4, ang equipme e nt and a ppli ances. Using the closed flush valve, a nd on further do construction project envir onmeutomatic faucets and e ntal prote ction management nergy-savi of poing washing t nts views (countank, etc, re duce the ry ring 1993015,) 5, aconsumpti nd eon of water resour ces i s invalid, a nvironme nt air quality standard (GB3095chi eve the purpose of saving water. 6) water-1996) II level 6, a nd surface water e recovery a nd re use. 7) se epage, le nvironme nt quality standard ( GHZakage-proof measures of water supply system. Accessories B1-1999) c class 7, the envir onme ntal noi se of urban area such as t he water supply standard (GB3096-93) two network for sanitation, must class 8, of integrated wastewater conform to the standards, improve discharge sta ndar d (GB8987-1996) cladura ability, prevents leak ss 9, three of the k s, to achieve t he water-savi construction noi se (12523i ng -1990)follow the strategy of sustaina a ble development, environmental prote ctction goals, and effectively safeguard the rati ti onal development and uti lization of resources, protecting the ecological environment and formation of urban ecol ogical cycle. Evacuation lighting: in the personnel department and the cha nne l provi vi ded wit四、核酸1、元素组成：由 C、H、 O、N、P 5 种元素构成2、基本单位：核苷酸（由 1 分子磷酸 +1 分子五碳糖 +1 分子含氮碱基组成）1 分子磷酸脱氧核苷酸