《考研真题解析》翻译硕士.pdf

211 华南理工大学 2016 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 （试卷上做答无效，请在答题纸上做答，试后本卷必须与答题纸一同交回） 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 适用专业：英语笔译(专业学位) 共 15 页 第 1 页 Part I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 1 point for each) Directions: After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. 1. If you keep on trying something, the day will come when you can do it well and with great _. A. care B. ease C. tempo D. dignity 2. She _ to find new stories about her homeland, making sure her American-born daughter did not grow up ignorant of Chinese culture. A. dropped out B. went out of her way C. gave way D. got down 3. In the past, a womans world usually _ household work and waiting for her children and husband to come home. A. made up B. composed of C. was comprised of D. consisted of 4. Domestic tourists now make up more than 90 percent of the countrys total and _ two-thirds of its total tourism earnings. A. attribute B. contribute C. distribute D. dispatch 5. He is a diligent and _ teacher, well liked by his students. A. voluntary B. conscious C. conscientious D. hard 6. The doctor tried last time to explain to the Browns that infants and young children are more _ to the effects of secondhand smoke than adults. A. conducive B. advantageous C. delicate D. vulnerable 第 2 页 7. It is absolutely true today that college degrees have become a valuable_ for jobseekers in the countrys developing market economy. A. asset B. liability C. deterrent D. means 8. She is far too _ to believe these ridiculous lies. A. sensational B. sensitive C. sensible D. sensuous 9. With _ audiences and less financial support from government, Britains best orchestras must find new sources of income, if they are to continue. A. shrinking B. captive C. withering D. sympathetic 10. On July 1, 1997, China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, wiping out 156 years of colonial humiliation _ on the Chinese nation. A. befell B. imposed C. afflicted D. leased 11. Johnson _ the problem in his mind for two more days before he came to a conclusion. A. turned on B. turned over C. turned out D. turned to 12. Many of the works exhibited in the gallery are _, filled with energy and vitality, bright colors and unique ways of expressing ideas. A. imaginative B. imaginable C. imagined D. imaginary 13. Words fail to _ our feelings of great reverence for the hero. A. imply B. deliver C. convey D. contain 14. China is _ an ambitious plan to stimulate the domestic economy by investing in infrastructure construction, of which telecommunications are an important part. A. undertaking B. supervising C. foiling D. compiling 15. I have to _ time to prepare for the coming sports meet. A. set about B. set aside C. set up D. set off 第 3 页 16. If not properly _, border issues which are always very sensitive and complicated international relations can often trigger conflicts. A. handled B. handing C. handle D. to handle 17. After _ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel managers office. A. what B. it C. that D. there 18. Every change of season, every change of weather _ some change in the wonderful colors and shapes of these mountains. A. make B. makes C. is making D. are making 19. There_ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. A. to be B. to have been C. be D. being 20. Variables such as individual and corporate behavior _ nearly impossible for economists to forecast economic trends with precision. A. make it B. make C. it makes D. makes it 21. Had Jane been more careful on the math exam, she _ much better results now. A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get 22. By the year 2030, its estimated that more than two thirds of the worlds population will be living in cities _ today. A. twice as many as B. as twice as many C. as much as twice D. as much twice as 23. My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could 第 4 页 walk _ far. A. / B. such C. that D. as 24. Much_ I like Antonia, I hated the superior tone that she sometimes took with me. A. although B. since C. for D. as 25. Developing friendly ties with neighborly countries is the priority aim of this countrys foreign policy and this policy will not be changed _ the international situation may be. A. whichever B. however C. wherever D. whatever 26. The snow leopard is a class-one endangered species _ is the giant panda. A. as B. such C. which D. that 27. Jeremy came to visit me again. It was the second time he _ me that afternoon. A. had been interrupting B. has interrupted C. would have interrupted D. had interrupted 28. Graces eyes were wet with tears as she put her face _ she could, gripping my left hand and stroking it. A. as close as to mine B. so close to mine as C. as close to mine as D. much so close as 29. The boys in the family are old enough for _. A. school B. schools C. the school D. the schools 30. Intellect is to the mind _ sight is to the body. A. as B. what C. like D. that 第 5 页 Part II. Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points for each) Directions: In this section, there are 2 passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write ONE best answer for each question on your ANSWER SHEET. Passage 1 1 To say that the city is a central problem of American life is simply to know that increasingly the cities are American life; just as urban living is becoming the condition of man across the world. Everywhere men and women crowd into cities in search of employment, a decent living, the company of their fellows, and the excitement and stimulation of urban life. 2 Within a very few years, 80 percent of all Americans will live in citiesthe great majority of them in concentrations like those which stretch from Boston to Washington, and outward from Chicago and Los Angeles and San Francisco and St. Louis. The cities are the nerve system of economic life for the entire Nation, and for much of the world. 3 And each of our cities is now the seat of nearly all the problems of American life: poverty and race hatred, stunted education and saddened lives, and the other ills of the new urban Nation-congestion and filth, danger and purposelessnesswhich afflict all but the very rich and the very lucky. 4 The city is not just housing and stores. It is not just education and employment, parks and theaters, banks and shops. It is a place where men should be able to live in dignity and security and harmony, where the great achievements of modern civilization and the ageless pleasures afforded by natural beauty should be available to all. If this is what we wantand this is what we must want if men are to be free for that “pursuit of happiness” which was the earliest promise of the American Nationwe will need more than poverty programs, housing programs, and employment programs, although we will need all of these. We will need an outpouring of imagination, ingenuity, discipline, and hard work unmatched since the first adventurers set out to conquer the wilderness. For the problem is the largest we have ever known. And we confront an urban wilderness more formidable and resistant and in some ways more frightening than the wilderness faced by the pilgrims or the pioneers. 5 One great problem is sheer growthgrowth which crowds people into slums, thrusts suburbs out over the countryside, burdens to the breaking 第 6 页 point all our old ways of thought and actionour systems of transport and water supply and education, and our means of raising money to finance these vital services. 6 A second is destruction of the physical environment, stripping people of contact with sun and fresh air, clean rivers, grass and treescondemning them to a life among stone and concrete, neon lights and an endless flow of automobiles. This happens not only in the central city, but in the very suburbs where people once fled to find nature. “There is no police so effective,” said Emerson, “as a good hill and a wide pasturewhere the boys can dispose of their superfluous strength and spirits.” We cannot restore the pastures, but we must provide a chance to enjoy nature, a chance for recreation, for pleasure and for some restoration of that essential dimension of human existence which flows only from mans contact with the natural world around him. 7 A third is the increasing difficulty of transportationadding concealed, unpaid hours to the workweek, removing men from the social and cultural amenities that are the heart of the city; sending destructive swarms of automobiles across the city, leaving behind them a band of concrete and a poisoned atmosphere. And sometimesas in Watts our surrender to the automobile has so crippled public transport that thousands literally cannot afford to go to work elsewhere in the city. 8 A fourth destructive force is the concentrated poverty and racial tension of the urban ghettoa problem so vast that the barest recital of its symptoms is profoundly shocking: Segregation is becoming the governing rule: Washington is only the most prominent example of a city which has become overwhelmingly Negro as whites move to the suburbs; many other cities are moving along the same roadfor example, Chicago, which, if present trends continue, will be over 50 percent Negro by 1975. The ghettoes of Harlem and Southside and Watts are cities in themselves, areas of as much as 350,000 people. Poverty and unemployment are endemic: from one-third of the families in these areas live in poverty, in some, male unemployment may be as high as 40 percent; unemployment of Negro youths nationally is over 25 percent. Welfare and dependency are pervasive: one-fourth of the children in these ghettoes, as in Harlem, may receive Federal Aid to 第 7 页 Dependent Children; in New York City, ADC alone costs over $20 million a month; in our five largest cities, the ADC bill s over $500 million a year. Housing is overcrowded, unhealthy, and dilapidated: the last housing census found 43 percent of urban Negro housing to be substandard; in these ghettoes, over 10,000 children may be injured or infected by rat bites every year. Education is segregated, unequal, and inadequate: the high school dropout rate averages nearly 70 percent, there are academic high schools in which less than 3 percent of the entering students will graduate with an academic diploma. Health is poor and care inadequate: infant mortality in the ghettoes is more than twice the rate outside, mental retardation among Negroes caused by inadequate prenatal care is more than seven times the white rate; one-half of all babies born in Manhattan last year will have had no prenatal care at all; deaths from diseases like tuberculosis, influenza, and pneumonia are two to three times as common as elsewhere. 9 Fifth is both cause and consequence of all the rest. It is the destruction of the sense, and often the fact, of community, of human dialog, the thousand invisible strands of common experience and purpose, affection and respect which tie men to their fellows. Community is expressed in such words as neighborhood, civic pride, friendship. It provides the life-sustaining force of human warmth and security, a sense of ones own human significance in the accepted association and companionship of others. 10 Community demands a place where people can see and know each other, where children can play and adults work together and join in the pleasures and responsibilities of the place where they live. The whole history of the human race, until today, has been the history of community. Yet, this is disappearing, and disappearing at a time when its sustaining strength is badly needed. For other values which once gave strength for the daily battle of life are also being eroded. 11 The widening gap between the experience of the generations in a rapidly changing world has weakened the ties of family; children grow up in a world of experience and culture their parents never knew. 12 The world beyond the neighborhood has become more impersonal 第 8 页 and abstract. Industry and great cities, conflicts between nations and the conquests of science move relentlessly forward, seemingly beyond the reach of individual control or even understanding. 13 But of all our problems, the most immediate and pressing, the one which threatens to paralyze our very capacity to act, to obliterate our vision of the future, is the plight of the Negro of the center city. For this plight and the riots which are its product and symptomthreaten to divide Americans for generations to come; to add to the ever-present difficulties of race and class the bitter legacy of violence and destruction and fear. 14 It is therefore of the utmost importance that these hearings go beyond the temporary measures thus far adopted to deal with riots beyond the first hoses and the billy clubs; and beyond even sprinklers on fire hydrants and new swimming pools as well. These hearings must start us along the road toward solutions to the underlying conditions which afflict our cities, so that they may become the places of fulfillment and ease, comfort and joy, the communities they were meant to be. 31. According to the passage, everywhere men and women crowd into cities in search of _. A. employment and race hatred B. a decent living and stunted education C. congestion and the company of their fellows D. the excitement and other advantages of urban life 32. It can be learned that within a few years, _ of all Americans will live in concentrations like those which stretch from Boston to Washington, and outward from Chicago and other cities. A. less than 80 percent B. about 80 percent C. more than 80 percent D. none of the above 33. Besides poverty, housing and unemployment programs, Americans need _ to attain the kind of society they want. A. imagination B. ingenuity C. discipline and hard work D. all of the above 34. According to the author, the city should be_ 第 9 页 A. the seat of nearly all the problems of American life B. just houses, stores, schools, businesses, parks, and theaters C. place where people can live in dignity and security and harmony D. the nerve system of political, economic, cultural life for much of the world 35. The major city problems discussed in the passage include all of the following EXCEPT_. A. racial tension and the destruction of the sense of community B. sheer growth and destruction of the physical environment C. the difficulty of transportation and concentrated poverty D. unpaid working hours and a poisoned atmosphere 36. The most prominent example of a city which has become overwhelmingly Negro is_. A. New York B. San Francisco C. Chicago D. Washington 37. Which of the following statement is NOT true? A. 20 percent of the children in ghettos may receive Federal Aid to Dependent Children. B. Male unemployment in some areas may be as high as 40 percent. C. 43 percent of urban Negro housing is substandard. D. In ghettos, the high school dropout rate av