新初三衔接班英语第一讲名词.docx

记叙文阅读（1）编写人：李红第二讲课程讲义前言一、 课程设置目的：二、 目录：第一讲：阅读（一） 词法：名词第二讲：阅读（二） 词法：代词第三讲：阅读（三） 词法：形容词和副词第四讲：阅读（四） 词法：数词第五讲：阅读（五） 词法：动词第六讲：时态：初中阶段的八大时态分析（一）第七讲：时态：初中阶段的八大时态分析（二）第八讲：阅读（六） 语态：被动语态第九讲：句子种类：陈述句；疑问句；感叹句；祈使句；反意疑问句第十讲： 句子成分；宾语从句第十一讲：基本句型；状语从句第十二讲：定语从句三、 目录：第一讲：阅读（一） 词法：名词第二讲：第三讲：第四讲：第五讲：第六讲：第七讲：第八讲：第九讲：第十讲：第十一讲：第十二讲：第一讲 阅读（一） 词法：名词课程目标1、 阅读理解题目分析2、 词法-名词课程重点名词的综合运用课程难点名词的单复数和所有格教学方法建议讲授、提问、论证、练习选材程度及数量课堂精讲例题搭配课堂训练题课后作业A类（ 1）道（ 3 ）道（ 4 ）道B类（ 3）道（ 3 ）道（ 3 ）道C类（ 1）道（ 1 ）道（ 4）道一、Warm-up课前阅读（一）1、阅读理解题目详解（1）一辈子的朋友 朋友与你相互嬉闹，朋友与你互掏腰包；朋友与你互相惦记，朋友与你心有灵犀；朋友与你有苦共担，朋友与有乐同欢请读读这篇真挚的友情故事。Linda Evans was my best friendlike the sister I never had. We did everything together: piano lessons, movies, swimming, horseback riding. When I was 13, my family moved away. Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special timelike my wedding (婚礼) and Lindas. Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often. One day a card that I sent came back, stamped “Address (地址) Unknown. ” I had no idea how to find Linda. Over the years, I missed Linda very much. I wanted to share (分享) happiness of my children and then grandchildren. And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died. There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill. One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman Lindas married name. “There must be thousands of Wagmans,” I thought, but J still wrote to her. She called as soon as she got my letter. “Mrs Tobin!” she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagman is my mother. ”Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on each others lives. Now the empty place in my heart is filled. And theres one thing that Linda and I know for sure: We wont lose each other again!根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1. The writer went to piano lessons with Linda Evans _. A. at the age of 13 B. before she got marriedC. after they moved to new homes D. before the writers family moved away2. They didnt often write to each other because they _. A. got married B. had little time to do soC. didnt like writing letters D. could see each other on special time3. There was an empty place in the writers heart because she _. A. was in troubleB. didnt know Lindas address C. received the card that she sentD. didnt have a friend like Linda to share her happiness or sadness4. The writer was happy when she _. A. read the newspaperB. heard Lindas voice on the phoneC. met a young woman who looked a lot like LindaD. wrote to the woman whose last name was Wagman5. They havent kept in touch _. A. for about 40 yearsB. for about 27 yearsC. since they got marriedD. since the writers family moved away 【答案及解析】1. 选D。开始的时候作者与Linda总是一起去上钢琴课、看电影、游泳、骑马等，但后来在作者13岁的时候，作者一家搬走了，两人只能通过书信联系。比较四个选项，显然只能选D。2. 选B。根据文章第2段中的Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often 根据文可知，她们之所以没经常写信，是因为她们要忙于照顾孩子，又要搬新家，也就是说，她们没有时间写信。3. 选D。根据文章第3段内容可知答案。4. 选B。真正让作者感到高兴的是当她在电话上听到老朋友Linda的声音的时候。而读到报纸的时候和写信的时候都还只是在猜测，那时还谈不上高兴。5. 选A。根据文章最后一段中的Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years可知，答案选A。（2）“老”字趣谈 每个国家都有各自的文化习惯，而这种文化上的差异往往会引起一定的误会，不过只要熟悉对方的风俗习惯做到入乡随俗，一切就OK啦！ When my family moved to America in 2010 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture. One of the rules is that young people should always respect(尊敬) elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States. I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive(敏感) Americans are and how they dislike the description “old”. I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry. In my village in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge andexperience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience. However, in the United States, people think “growing old” is a problem since “old” shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them tofeel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didnt want to hear. After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I dont respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I dont show my feelings through words. By Jack根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1. Jack brought the couple their food very fast because _. A. the manager asked him to do soB. he respected the elderlyC. the couple wanted him to do soD. he wanted more pay2. When Jack called the couple “elderly”, they became _. A. nervous B. satisfiedC. unhappyD. excited3. In Jacks hometown, _. A. people dislike being called “old”B. people are proud of being oldC. many people reach the age of seventy or eighty D. the elderly are the first to get food in restaurants4. After this experience, Jack _. A. lost his job in the restaurantB. made friends with the coupleC. no longer respected the elderly D. changed his way with older people5. Which of the following is TRUEA. The more Jack explained, the angrier the couple got. B. Jack wanted to show his feelings through words after his experience. C. The manager went back to the table and apologized to the couple. D. From this experience, Jack learned more about American culture. 【答案及解析】1. 选B。根据第2段中的I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly可知答案。2. 选C。根据第2段中的As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure可知他们听到Jack称他们为老者时，一点也不高兴。3. 选B。根据第3段中的In my village in China, people are proud of being old可知答案。4. 选D。根据最后一段中的After that, I changed the way I had with older people可知答案。5. 选D。根据第2段最后一句After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry可知A选项不对；根据文章最后一句but now I dont show my feelings through words可知B选项不对；根据第2段中的Ithen waked back to the table and apologized to the wife 可知C 选项也不对，故正确答案为D。做阅读理解的五点注意:注意一：试题各小题所提供的四个备选项，有的是语法、结构上有错误，有的是与短文意思不相符。解题时要把有结构、语法错误的先排除，再考虑是否符合短文内容。注意二：对短文中的生词或看不懂的句子，应大胆根据构词法及上、下文意思进行猜测，尤其对涉及文中某个词或某个句子含义的选择试题，要根据文章所阐述的主要内容及上、下文内在逻辑关系，大胆分析推断，去伪存真选出正确答案。注意三：对于涉及文章主旨、大意、作者意图及短文标题等选择试题，虽然短文中没有直接说明，可统观全文，通过短文所提供的材料或联想短文材料以外的常识，如结合已学过的自然、社会科学知识加以综合理解、分析推测或按作者的思路进行推理，从而且推断出正确答案。注意四：做选择试题时一般先做在文中能直接找到依据的细节题，后做主旨题、推理题。这样在对语篇有更多领悟的基础上再进行推理判断和概括总结，把握性就更大。注意五：阅读的顺序一般是先读短文，再看题目，然后逐题作答。若文章较长，也可以先将测试题目通览一遍，然后带着问题阅读文章。这样对与答题有关的段落、句子反应敏感，而对其他与答题无关的部分可以不必花费太多时间，阅读速度就可加快些。 2、中考阅读理解专练：在规定的时间内完成四篇阅读理解题目(A) Twenty years ago, I drove a taxi for a living. One night I went to pick up a passenger at 2:30 a.m. When I arrived to collect, I saw a small woman in her eighties stood before me. I took her suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman. She took my arm and we walked slowly toward the car.She kept thanking me for my kindness. “Its nothing,” I told her. “I just try to treat my passengers the way I would want my mother treated.”“Oh, youre such a good man,” she said. When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address, and then asked, “Could you drive through downtown”“Its not the shortest way.” I answered quickly.“Oh, Im in no hurry.” she said. “Im on my way to a hospice (临终医院). I dont have any family left. The doctor says I dont have very long time.” I quietly shut off the meter (计价器). For the next two hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the building where she had once worked, the neighborhood where she had lived. Sometimes shed ask me to slow down in front of a special building and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing.At dawn, she suddenly said, “Im tired. Lets go now.”We drove in silence to the address she had given me.“How much shall I give you” she asked.“Nothing,” I said.“You have to make a living.” she answered. “Oh, there are other passengers,” I answered.Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug (拥抱). She held onto me tightly and said, “You gave an old woman a little moment of happiness.”46. When did the story happen A. One night twenty years ago. B. At 2:30 in the afternoon twenty years ago. C. When the driver was twenty. D. When the old woman was ill.47. Why did the old woman choose to go through the city    A. Because she wanted to show she knew the city very well. B. Because she wanted to see some places for the last time.   C. Because she let the driver earn more money. D. Because she wanted to reach the hospice on time.48. Why did the taxi driver not get any money from the old woman  A. He wanted to help her. B. He shut off the meter by mistake.   C. Others had paid him. D. He was in a hurry to take other passengers.49. Which is NOT true according to the passage A. It took them 2 hours to drive through the city.B. The writer made a living by driving a taxi.C. The old woman was related to the writer.D. The old woman got a little moment of joy because of the writers kindness.50. What can we learn from the story   A. Giving is always for retuning.   B. People should respect each other.   C. An act of kindness can bring people pleasure.   D. People should learn to appreciate (感激) others help （B）Editor: Today our topic is parttime jobs. Are they good for school children or notHeadmaster: Certainly not. Children have got two fulltime jobs already: growing up and going to school. Parttime jobs make them so tired that they fall asleep in class. Mrs. Barrens: I agree with you. I know school hours are not short, and theres too much homework, too, so children need a lot of sleep. Mr. Barrens: Some students stay at school until theyre eighteen or nineteen. A parttime job cant harm them. In fact, its good for them. They earn their pocket-money instead of asking their parents for it. And they see something of the world outside school. Businessman: Youre quite right. Boys learn a lot from part-time jobs. And we mustnt forget that some families need the extra money. If the students dont take part-time jobs, they cant stay at school. Editor: Well, we have got two for, and two against. What do our readers think51. What is the discussion about A. Pocket-money. B. Part-time jobs. C. Enough sleep. D. Much homework. 52. Who have the same opinionA. Mr. and Mrs. Barrens.B. Editor and Mr. Barrens. C. Headmaster and Mrs. Barrens.D. Businessman and Headmaster.53. Whats the opinion of Mrs. Barrens A. She thinks the children need to stay at school until they are sixteen or seventeen.B. She thinks the children should see something of the world outside school.C. She thinks the children need to have some pocket-money.D. She thinks the children need to have enough sleep.54. What do the children think of part-time jobs A. Part-time jobs are good for school children. B. Part-time jobs can help students from poor families. C. Part-time jobs cant harm school children. D. The passage doesnt mention it. 55. The underline words “ two for ” (in the last sentence ) refers to _. A. two persons are right B. two persons are for the same ideaC. two persons think parttime jobs are good D. two persons dont think parttime jobs are good (C)We are often asked to make a speech in life. Most of us are afraid of it and dont do a good job. Here are some simple steps to make your speech a successful one. First of all, find out everything you can about your subject and at the same time find out as much as you can about your audience. Who are they What do they know about your subject Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech. Then try to arrange your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible. Never forget your audience. Dont talk over their heads or talk down to them. When you are giving your speech, speak slowly and clearly, look at your audience and pause for a few seconds from time to time to give your audience chances to think over what youve said. Just remember: be prepared, know your subject and your audience, say what you have to say and be yourself so that your ideas will bring you and your audience together. 56. “Put yourself in their shoes as you prepare your speech.” (underlined) means that while preparing your speech, you must _. A. put your shoes away and put on theirs B. try to think in the way as they do C. wear the shoes in the same size as theirs D. try to speak in their words57. When he is giving his speech, the speaker should _. A. let his eyes rest on the subject B. follow the audience step by stepC. face the audience in a right way D. look up and down from time to time58. What does the underlined word “pause” mean in the passageA. Listen.B. Stop.C. Choose.D. Search.59. Which is the best title of the passageA. How to Make a Good SpeechB. How to Pick out the Topic for a SpeechC. How to Prepare the Material for a Speech D. How to Remember the Audience60. In what order should a good speech be arrangeda. Give your audience chances to think over what youve said.b. Find out as much as you can about your audience. c. Try to arrange your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. d. Find out everything you can about your subject e. Speak slowly and clearly, look at your audience A. d,b,c,e,a B. b,d,e,a,c,f