新初三衔接班英语第七讲时态二.docx

前言一、 课程设置目的：二、 目录：第一讲：阅读（一） 词法：名词第二讲：阅读（二） 词法：代词第三讲：阅读（三） 词法：形容词和副词第四讲：阅读（四） 词法：数词第五讲：阅读（五） 词法：动词第六讲：时态：初中阶段的八大时态分析（一）第七讲：时态：初中阶段的八大时态分析（二）第八讲：阅读（六） 语态：被动语态第九讲：句子种类：陈述句；疑问句；感叹句；祈使句；反意疑问句第十讲： 句子成分；宾语从句第十一讲：基本句型；状语从句第十二讲：定语从句三、 目录：第一讲：第二讲：第三讲：第四讲：第五讲：第六讲：第七讲：时态（二）第八讲：第九讲：第十讲：第十一讲：第十二讲：第七讲 时态（二）课程目标1、语法选择的综合运用2、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时课程重点四种时态的综合运用课程难点四种时态的几种的形式及用法教学方法建议讲授、提问、论证、练习选材程度及数量课堂精讲例题搭配课堂训练题课后作业A类（ 1）道（ 3 ）道（ 4 ）道B类（ 3）道（ 3 ）道（ 3 ）道C类（ 1）道（ 1 ）道（ 4）道一、Warm-up课前语法选择专练： A My friend, David Smith, kept birds. One day he phoned and 26 me he would be away for a week. He asked me to feed the bird 27 him and said he would leave his key in my mailbox.Unfortunately, I did not remember to feed the birds 28 the night before David was going to return. I rushed out of my house and it was already dark when I arrived at 29 house. I soon found the key he gave me could unlock neither the front door 30 the back door! I kept 31 of what David would say when came back.Then I noticed 32 one bedroom window was open. I found a big tone and pushed it under the window 33 the stone was very heavy. I hear of niose. But in the end, I managed to climb up.I had one leg inside the bedroom when I suddenly realized that someone 34 a torch(电筒)up at me. I looked down and saw 35 policeman and an old lady, one of Davids neighbours. “What are you doing up there” Said the policeman. Feeling like a fool, I replied, “I was just going to feed Mr. Smiths birds.” （广州市2010年中考）26. A. tell B. tells C. told D. had told27. A. with B. to C. for D. at28. A. until B. before C. as D. since29. A. her B. his C. their D. our30. A. and B. but C. or D. nor31. A. to think B. think C. thinking D. thought32. A. how B. that C. what D. why33. A. If B. Because C. When D. Whether34. A. is shinning B. was shone C. shines D. was shining35. A. a B. the C. an D. /解析：26答案C. and连接的应该是两个时态相同的动词，根据原文One day he phoned and 26 me he would be away for a week.， and前面的phone用的是过去式，因此选C.told.27答案C.根据原文，He asked me to feed the bird 27 him and said he would leave his key in my mailbox.（译文：他请我帮他喂养他的鸟，还说他会把钥匙放在我的信箱里），feed sth.for sb.意为“帮助某人喂养某物”，因此选项是C.28答案A.根据原文，Unfortunately, I did not remember to feed the birds 28 the night before David was going to return.，（译文：不幸的是，直到David即将离开的前一晚我才记得要给鸟喂食），A.until表示 “(用于否定句)在.以前,直到.才”，因此A为答案。29答案B. 根据全文语境，得知David是位男生，所以选B. his。30答案D.根据原文，I soon found the key he gave me could unlock neither the front door 30 the back door!（译文：很快，我便发现他留给我的钥匙竟不能打开前门也不能打开后门）。neither.nor.是固定搭配，表示"既不也不"，其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。因此，答案为D.31答案C.keep doing sth.，表示“ 一直持续做某事”，答案为C，其余项均不符合题意。32答案B.根据原文，Then I noticed 32 one bedroom window was open.（译文：然后，我注意到其中一间房间的窗户是开着的）。此处，缺少一个引导宾语从句的引导词，what和that都可以引导宾语从句。但是引导主语、宾语或表语从句时what在从句中要充当句子成分;而that引导主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句时不作任何成分只起语法连接作用。因此，答案为B.33答案B.根据句意得知，此处缺少一个原因状语从句的引导词，选项中只有because符合句意，因此答案为B.34答案D.根据语境，此处应用过去进行时，因此D.was shining符合题意。35答案A.根据原文句子，I looked down and saw 35 policeman and an old lady, 此处应填入一个不定冠词a，因此选A. 小练BJack worked in a shop that sold clocks. He was always telling Harry 26 a new clock. But Harry， 27 lived next door to Jack， said he didnt need one.“ 28 needs a clock，” Jack said. “How do you know when its time to get up”“My landlord Mr. Smith turns on his radio at seven oclock and listens 29 the news，” Harry said. “Thats my morning call.”“Ok. But how do you know when to go to work”“By the time I 30 my breakfast， its eight oclock， time to leave for the office. Then I walk there. When I arrive at my office， its nice oclock. Thats 31 time I start work.”“Ok. But how do you know when its time to go home” “The factory bell 32 ” Harry told him.“But how do you know when its time to go to bed” “The television programs come to end.” By now Jack was really 33 。 “Ok，” he shouted. “Now tell me what would happen 34 you woke up in the middle of the night and wanted to know the time.” “Thats easy，” Harry said， “I would knock heavily on 35 wall. Then you would shout at me， What are you doing knocking on my wall at three oclock in the morning” （广州市2011年中考）26. A. to buy B. buying C. bought D. buy27. A. which B. whose C. that D. who28. A. No one B. Neither one C. Everyone D. Someone29. A. at B. to C. in D. on30. A. eats B. have eaten C. ate D. was eating31. A. a B. an C. the D.不填32. A. ring B. rings C. was rung D. ringing33. A. anger B. angrily C. angry D. angering34. A. if B. that C. why D. how35. A. his B. their C. her D. your二、时态（二）过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时一、过去进行时（一）过去进行时的构成： “was（用于第一、三人称单数）或were + 现在分词”。（二）过去进行时的用法：1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂4）过去进行时可以描绘事情发生的背景，即：过去某时 A 动作正在进行，B 动作在 A 动作进行的过程中发生了，A 动作就是 B 动作发生的背景。例如： 主句谓语从句谓语常用一般现在时A、现在进行时，一般现在时B、will，can，may+动词C、一般过去时D、现在完成时I was having tea with a friend on the fifth floor. Suddenly a lot of people ran through the tea room.我正和一个朋友在五楼喝茶，突然许多人跑过茶室。5）过去进行时还可用来表示“两个过去的动作同时进行着”；这时可用连词when或while来引起。When (I was) visiting London, I like to travel by bus.在访问伦敦时，我喜欢乘公共汽车游览。They arrived while we were having dinner.他们到时，我们正在吃饭。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1、Daddy promised me he _ me a computer A. was bought B. had bought C bought D. would buy 解析：“爸爸答应我给我买一台电脑”。宾语从句中的动作是以过去为起点将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时。 选D。2、They said they _ do some sports if it was fine.A. were going to B. went C. would going D. were going解析：“他们说如果天气好的话他们打算去运动。”去做运动发生在说话之后，所以应选用过去将来时，答案B不合适，“打算作某事”为“be going to do ”.would 后面应跟动词原形，应选A.二、现在完成时一） 什么是现在完成时？(1) 表示动作带现在为止已经完成或刚完成，汉语常用“了”表示，例如：The train has already arrived.火车已经到了。(2) 表示动作在过去完成，表示经验，汉语常用“过”表示， 例如：I have been to the Great Wall. 我已经去过长城。二） 结构：have / has + v过去分词标志现在完成时的时间副词： already（已经，用于肯定句中，放在助动词和过去分词之间，也可以放在句末）例句：I have already read the book.我已经读过这本书。yet（已经，用于否定句和疑问句中） 例句：Have you finished the work yet No, not yet. 你完成这项工作了吗？ 还没有。never（从不，从来没有，用于肯定句中，但句子意思表示否定, 放在助动词和过去分词之间）例句：She has never been to Xijiang. 她从没去过新疆。 ever（曾经, 放在助动词和过去分词之间）,例句：Have you ever seen the film before 你以前曾经看过这部电影吗？ just （刚刚，放在助动词和过去分词之间。注意与just now的区别，just now是指刚才，用于一般过去时。） 例句：They have just found the lost cat. 他们刚刚找到那只丢失的小猫。三）表示动作开始于过去而一直持续到现在(也许还会继续下去)的动作或状态,句子中常用for或since来做时间状语.For与since间的区别：for: 引导的短语表示一段时间，如：for ten years, for 5 minutes, for 3 weeks等；since：引导的短语表示时间点，意为“自从以来”，如since nine o'clock, since last weekend, since a months ago, since 1982 等, 除了跟时间短语外，since还可以跟一个完整句子，如since he came to China(自从他来中国)，since they bought the house（自从他们买了这个房子）等。 练习：请在下列时间前填上for或 since：1. _ ten months 2. _ yesterday afternoon2. _ 1995 4. _ last Wednesday5. _ five years 6. _ a few minutes ago7. _ a long time 8. _ July9. _ they arrived in the city注意：凡是与for 和since的时间短语连用时，谓语动词一定是一个可持续性的动作。做有关句型转换练习时，要特别注意以下变化：短暂性动词 持续性动词arrive at(in)/get to/reachhave(has) been in (at)become/join/take part inhave(has) beenbegin/ starthave(has) been onborrow/lendhave(has) keptcomehave(has) been in /stayed /liveddiehave(has)been deadget to knowhave (has) known leave/ gohave(has)been awaybuyhave(has) had/ownedstart/begin to teachstart/begin to workhave(has) taughthave(has) worked例题分析：1. I bought a dictionary last week. I have had（owned） a dictionary for a week. 上星期，我买了一本字典。 我已经拥有一本字典一个星期了。2 The old man died ten years ago. 这个老人十年前死的。（表示过去发生的一个具体动作） The old man has been dead for ten years. 这个老人已经死了十年了。（表示一种状态。）四）区别以下词组：1. have/has been to 表示去过某处，指当事人已经不在那个地方，这个词组常与just, already, before 等时间副词连用。特别记住： 这个词组不能与for或since引导的时间短语连用；例句： Professor Watts has been to Guilin before.Watts教授以前去过桂林。2have/has gone to表示去了某处，指当事人可能在去某处的路上，也可能已经到达目的地，这个词组可以与just, already等副词来连用。特别记住： 这个词组不能与for或since引导的时间短语连用； 例句： My mother isnt at home now. She has just gone to the market. 我的妈妈现在不在家，她刚去了市场。3have/has been in(at)表示当事人已经在某处，直到说话时，当事人仍然在所指的地方，这个词组常与for或since引导的时间短语连用；例句：（1）We have been in Tianhe Middle School for about 2 years. 我们在天河中学已经大约2年了。 （2）She has been at the clothes shop for more than one hour. 她已经在这间服装店超过1个小时了。练习：选择题1. Our English teacher _ many places before.A. has been to B. has been in C. has gone to D. has been at2. Peter _ Hong Kong for a long time, he knows the roads well. A. has been in B. has been to C. has gone to D. has been 3. Ben and Janet _ the cinema. Im afraid you cant find them now. A. have gone to B. have been in C. have been at D. have been to 4. The Lins moved here last month. They _ here for a month. A. have been in B. have been to C. have been D. have gone5. May I speak to Sally, please Sorry, she isnt in, she _her uncles. A. has been in B. has been at C. has gone to D. has been to6. How many cities _ you _ Eight cities. A. have been B. have been in C. have been to D. have gone to7. Where _ your parents _ They _ Sydney for holiday. A. have gone, have gone to B. have been, have been to C. have gone, have been in D. have been, have gone to8. I _ home since the day before yesterday. I really want to go out for a walk now. A. have been to B. have been C. have gone D. have been at三、过去完成时态1）过去完成时态的构成： 肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词 否定式：hadnt + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：Had + 动词的过去分词简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had.No, 主 + had现在完成时的用法2）过去完成时的用法：1. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。Soon I realized I had made a serious mistake.我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。2. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。3. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本，未能"。例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。4. 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work.到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。They came earlier than we had expected.他们到得比我们预料的要早。I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.我在进大学之前就已学了5000个单词。5. 过去完成时还可用在hardly.when.，no sooner. than.， it was the first（second，. etc） time （that）.等固定句型中。例如：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到又走了。It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了。6. 用一般过去时代替过去完成时 1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。2） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：When I heard the news, I was very excited.当我听到这个消息，我非常兴奋。3）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.我们老师告诉我们哥伦布在1492年发现美洲。例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. He _ in Shanghai University for four years before he _ Beijing.A. studied, had gone B. had studied, wentC. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone 解析：“他去北京之前在上大学学习了4年 ”。在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此第一个空应用过去完成时。此题选B。2. Mary said it was at least five years since he _ a good drink.A. enjoyed B. was enjoying C. had enjoyed D. would enjoy解析：It was + 时间段+since 引导的从句中用过去完成时。应选C。3. Xiao Pei said she _ Hainan for 3 months.A. has been in B. had been in C. had been to D. had gone to解析：“小培说她去了海南三个月 ”。have been to 和have gone to 都是短暂性的动词短语。所以适应表示状态的have been in. 应选B.四、过去将来时1该时态由“should或would +动词原形”构成，第一人称用should，其它人称用would（在美国英语中第一人称也常用would）。一般过去将来时主要表示从过去某时看将要发生的事或存在的状态。时间的出发点是过去。该时态常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。而主句的谓语动词常常是过去时间或有过去完成时。例如：My brother told me that he would be back on Saturday.我哥哥告诉我他星期天回来。He said that the meeting would begin at half past nine this morning.他说会议将在今天早晨九点半开始。No one knew which country would hold the next Olympic Games.没有人知道哪个国家将举行下次奥林匹克运动会。时态综合例题解析：-What are Mr and Mrs Black doing -They _ tea in the garden. A. are drinking B. drank C. have drunk D. drink 2. My mother often asks me _early . A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up 3. Soon Wu Dong _ up with Li Lei, then they were neck and neck. A. taught B. caught C. bought D. brought 4. The car _and stopped at the red traffic light. A. got on B. got off C. slowed down D. picked up 5. Tom _ the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 6. -Do you know _ -Sorry, but if he _ back, I _ you know as soon as possible. A. when will he be back, comes, will let B. when he will be back, will come, will let C. what time will he be back, will come, let D. what time he will be back, comes, will let 7. We _ to the park if it is fine tomorrow. A. will go B. have gone C. go 8. A new shoe factory will _ in this part of the city. A. be building B. be built C. build 9. -_ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there. -Ok, Mom. A. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away 10. - How about going hiking this weekend - Sorry, I prefer _ rather than _. A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home 解析：1.根据问句的时态现在进行时，答句时态要一致，故选答案: A 2.根据句中的谓语动词ask的固定搭配 ask sb to do sth. 故答案：D 3.根据第一句的固定动词词组 catch up with sb 及第二句的过去时态，故选答案: B 4.此题主要考查四个动词词组的掌握.根据后半句在红灯时停下来,故选答案: C 5.此题主要考查现在完成时的延续和非延续动词，根据for two weeks 时间短语。故选答案: C 6.此题主要考查宾语丛句和状语丛句的习惯用法。第一句是特殊疑问句的宾语丛句，要用陈述句语序。第二句是if 条件句。丛句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故选答案：B 7.此题考查if 条件句的主句时态，要用一般将来时，故选答案； A 8.此题考查语态。根据全句的意思，使用被动语态。故选答案： B 9.此题考查四个动词词组put up ,张贴，举起; put on 穿上，上演； put away 把-收拾好。 根据后半句“我讨厌到处乱放”， 故选答案: D