2022年化学工程与工艺专业英语课后习题参考答案.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学而不思就惘,思而不学就殆Key to Exercise Unit 1 Chemical Industries 8.pesticides crop protection chemicals 1.the Industrial Revolution 2.organic chemicals 9.synthetic fibers 3.the contact process 10.pharmaceutical 4.the Haber process 11.research and development 5.synthetic polymers 12.petrochemical 6.intermediates 13.computersautomatic control equipment 7.artificial fertilizers 14.capital intensive Some Chemicals Used In Our Daily Life 名师归纳总结 Food artificial fertilizers, pesticide, veterinary products 第 1 页,共 12 页Health antibiotics, -blockers Clothing synthetic fibers e.g. polyesters, polyamides, synthetic dyes synthetic polymers e.g. urea-formaldehyde, Shelter polyurethanes, plastics Leisure plastics and polymers e.g. nylon additives e.g. anti-oxidants, viscosity index Transport improvements, polymers, plastics Unit 2 Research and Development 1.R&D 12.technical support 2.ideas and knowledge 13.process improvement 3.process and products 14.effluent treatment 4.fundamental 15.pharmaceutical 5.applied 16.sufficiently pure 6.product development 17.Reaction 7.existing product 18.unreacted material 8.pilot plant 19.by-products 9.profitbility 20.the product specification 10.environmental impact 21.Product storage 11.energy cost - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学而不思就惘,思而不学就殆Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers 1. Mechanical 14. cooling water 2. electrical 15. an economical 3. civil 16. to improve 4. scale-up 17. P&I Drawings 5. commercial-size 18. Equipment Specification Sheets 6. reactors 19. Construction 7. distillation columns 20. capacity and performance 8. pumps 21. bottlenecks 9. control and instrumentation 22. Technical Sales 10. mathematics 23. new or improved 11. industry 24. engineering methods 12. academia 25. configurations 13. steam Unit 4 Sources of Chemicals 名师归纳总结 1.inorganic chemicals 11.raw material 第 2 页,共 12 页2.derive from originate from 12.separation and purification 3.petrochemical processes 13.food industry 4.Metallic ores 14.to be wetted 5.extraction process 15.Key to success 6.non-renewable resource 16.Crushing and grinding 7.renewable sources 17.Sieving 8.energy source 18.Stirring and bubbling 9.fermentation process 19.Surface active agents 10.selective 20.Overflowing - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学而不思就惘,思而不学就殆名师归纳总结 Unit 5 Basic Chemicals 4.Polyvinyl acetate 第 3 页,共 12 页1.Ethylene 2.acetic acid 5.Emulsion paint 3.Polymerization High-volume sector Low-volume sector Production scale tens to hundreds of thousands tens to a few thousands tons tons per year per year Products / a plant single product multi-products Operation manner continuous batch Price or profit fairly cheap very profitable Usage intermediates end-products Challenges reduced demand, environment pollution Products in the sector sulphuric acid, phosphorus-containing compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, chlor-alkali, agrochemicals, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, speciality polymers petrochemicals, commodity polymers - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学而不思就惘,思而不学就殆名师归纳总结 Unit 6 Chlor-Alkali and Related ProcessesUses 第 4 页,共 12 页1.Ammonia 5.NH 4Cl2.ammonia absorber 6.Rotary drier 3.NaCl & NH 4OH7.Light Na 2CO 34.Carbon dioxide 8.Water Product Raw material Major steps or Principal reactions raw material for ammoniating, carbonating, Soda-ash brine, precipitating, glassmaking, filtering, sodium silicate; limestone drying, as an alkali calcining as water purification, Chlorine brine 2Na+ + 2Cl - +2H 2O bleaching of wood pulp; production of vinyl chloride, solvents, NaOH +Cl 2 +H 2inorganic Caustic soda brine 2Na+ + 2Cl - +2H 2O chlorine-containing products for paper-making, manufacture of inorganic chemicals, syntheses of organic NaOH +Cl 2 +H 2chemicals, S +O2 SO2production of alumina and soap feedstock for fertilizers; production of ethanol, Sulfuric acid elemental sulphur SO2 + O 2 SO2hydrofluoric acid, SO3 + H 2O H 2SO4aluminum sulphates - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学而不思就惘,思而不学就殆名师归纳总结 Unit 7 Ammonia, Nitric Acid and Urea 第 5 页,共 12 页1.kinetically inert 9.energy 2.some iron compounds 10.steam reforming 3.exothermic 11.carbon monoxide 4.conversion 12.secondary reformer 5.a reasonable speed 13.the shift reaction 6.lower pressures 14.methane 7.higher temperatures 15.3:1 8.capital 1787 C. Berthollet discovers the composition of ammonia 1903 Fritz Haber synthesizes ammonia 1909 Fritz Haber drives the optimum reaction conditions 1909-1914 C. Bosch, A. Mittasch scale-up the process 1913 in BASF build a pilot plant 1919 Fritz Haber receives the Noble price 1920s in Britain and America Introduce the Haber process 1931 C. Bosch receives the Noble price Unit 8 Petroleum Processing1.organic chemicals 7.consumption of hydrogen 2.H:C ratios 8.the pilot stage 3.high temperature carbonization 9.surface and underground 4.crude tar 10.fluidized bed 5.pyrolysis 11.Biotechnology 6.poor selectivity 12.sulfur species Unit 9 Polymers Abbreviation Name of polymer LDPE Low density polyethylene 低密度聚乙烯HDPE High density polyethylene 高密度聚乙烯LLDPE Linear low density polyethylene 线性低密度聚乙烯PET or PBT Poly ethylene terephthalate PET 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯Polybutylene terephthalate PBT 聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯PVC Poly vinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯PS Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯POM Polyoxymethylene 聚甲醛- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学而不思就惘,思而不学就殆Unit 10 PP Polypropylene 聚丙烯PC Polycarbonate 聚碳酸酯聚苯醚PPO Polyphenylene oxide 聚四氟乙烯PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene PF phenol-formaldehyde resins 酚醛树脂PMMA poly methyl methacrylate 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯脲醛树脂UF urea-formaldehyde resins Year introduced Name of polymer Company or Inventor Phenol-formaldehyde resin Baekland 1909 Urea-formaldehyde resin 1929 Alkyd resin late 1920s Polystyrene-butadiene Germany 1938 Poly acrylonitrile-butadiene Germany Poly vinyl chloride Germany Polystyrene Germany polyethylene ICI Nylon Du pont 1941 Polyacrylonitrile Du pont 1948 Terylene ICI 1949 Epoxy resins Du pont 1955 polypropylene Montecatini 1956 LLDPE late 1970s What Is Chemical Engineering Microscale 10-3m Atomic and molecular studies of catalysts Chemical processing in the manufacture of integrated circuits Studies of the dynamics of suspensions and microstructured fluids Mesoscale 10-3102m Improving the rate and capacity of separations equipment Design of injection molding equipment to produce car bumpers made from polymers Designing feedback control systems for bioreactors Macroscale >10m Operability analysis and control system synthesis for an entire chemical plant 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学而不思就惘,思而不学就殆Mathematical modeling of transport and chemical reactions of combustion-generated air pollutants Manipulating a petroleum reservoir during enhanced oil recovery through remote sensing of process data, development and use of dynamic models of underground interactions, and selective injection of chemicals to improve efficiency of recovery Course Course content Science and Math. Chemical Engineering Other Engineering Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Material Science, Mathematics, Computer Instruction Thermodynamics, Kinetics, Catalysis, Rector Design and Analysis, Unit Operations, Process Control, Chemical Engineering Laboratories, Design / Economics Electrical Engineering, Mechanics, Engineering Drawing Unit 12 Humanities and Social Understand the origins of ones own culture as well as that of Science others What Do We Mean by Transport Phenomena.名师归纳总结 1.density 8.velocity fluctuations 第 7 页,共 12 页2.viscosity 9.solid surface 3.tube diameter 10.ideal fluids 4.Reynolds 11.viscosity 5.eddies 12.Prandtl 6.laminar flow 13.fluid dynamics 7.turbulent flow - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学而不思就惘,思而不学就殆Unit 13 Unit Operations in Chemical Engineeringfiltration material balance equilibrium stage model Hydrocyclones Filtration Gravity Vaccum rectifying section energy-input requirement overall thermodynamic efficiency tray efficiencies Batch operation composition a rectifying batch 1.physical 8.2.unit operations 9.3.identical 10.4.A. D. Little 11.5.fluid flow 12.6.membrane separation 13.7.crystallization 14.Unit 14 Distillation Operations 1.relative volatilities 9.2.contacting trays 10.3.reboiler 11.4.an overhead condenser 12.5.reflux 13.6.plates 14.7.packing 15.8.stripping section Bubble-cap Valve plates Sieve plate plates Cost low high middle Capacity high low middle Operating range low high middle Efficiency same same Same Pressure drop low high middle 1 < 2 < 3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学而不思就惘,思而不学就殆名师归纳总结 Unit 15 Solvent Extraction, Leaching and Adsorption 第 9 页,共 12 页1.a liquid solvent 14.H+ or OH2.solubilities 15.regenerant 3.leaching 16.process flow rates 4.distillation 17.deterioration of performance 5.extract 18.closely similar 6.raffinate 19.stationary phase 7.countercurrent 20.mobile phase 8.a fluid 21.distribution coefficients 9.adsorbed phase 22.selective membranes 10.400,000 23.synthetic 11.original condition 24.ambient temperature 12.total pressure 25.ultrafiltration 13.equivalent numbers 26.reverse osmosis RO. Unit 16 Evaporation, Crystallization and Drying 1.concentrate solutions 10.condensers 2.solids 11.supersaturation 3.circulation 12.circulation pump 4.viscosity 13.heat exchanger 5.heat sensitivity 14.swirl breaker 6.heat transfer surfaces 15.circulating pipe 7.the long tube 16.Product 8.multiple-effect evaporators 17.non-condensable gas 9.vacuum 18.barometric condenser Dryer type General features Application Tray dryers Batch operation, Drying valuable products Close control of drying conditions and product inventory Continuous circulation, Conveyor dryers High drying rates, Drying materials that form a Good product-quality, bed with an open structure High thermal efficiencies, High initial and maintenance cost Continuous operation, High throughput, Rotary dryer High thermal efficiency, Drying free-flow granular Low capital cost and labor costs materials Non-uniform residence time, Dust generation, High noise levels - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学而不思就惘,思而不学就殆Continuous or batch operation, Rapid and uniform heat transfer, Fluidized bed dryers Good control of the drying Short drying times, conditions, Drying granular and crystalline materials Low floor area requirements; High power requirements Pneumatic dryers Low thermal efficiency Short contact times, Drying fine and heat sensitive materials Short contact times, Good control of the product Drying liquid and dilute Spray dryers particle size, bulk density and slurry feeds as well as heat form, sensitive materials High heat requirements Rotary drum dryers An alternative choice to spray dryers Drying liquid and dilute slurry feeds Unit 17 Chemical Reaction Engineering 1. design 11. more valuable products 2. optimization 12. harmless products 3. control 13. serves the needs 4. unit operations UO 14. the chemical reactors 5. many disciplines 15. flowchart 6. kinetics 16. necessarily 7. thermodynamics, 17. tail 8. fluid mechanics 18. each reaction 9. microscopic 19. temperature and concentrations 10. chemical reactions 20. linear Unit 18 Chemical Engineering Modeling 名师归纳总结 1.optimization 10.feeding strategies 第 10 页,共 12 页2.mathematical equations 11.training and education 3.time 12.definition of problem 4.experiments 13.mathematical model 5.greater understanding 14.numerical methods 6.empirical approach 15.tabulated or graphical 7.experimental design 16.experimental data 8.differing process condition 17.information 9.control systems - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学而不思就惘,思而不学就殆1.the preliminary economics 8.optimize 名师归纳总结 2.technological changes 9.plant operations 第 11 页,共 12 页3.pilot-plant data 10.energy 4.process alternatives 11.bottlenecking 5.trade-offs 12.yield and throughput 6.Off-design 13.Revamping 7.Feedstocks 14.new catalyst Problem Unexpected results Possible cause Water as impurity Kill a catalyst, or modify the Steam leak performances of catalyst Determination of Explosions Narrower limits in small-scale explosive limits equipment Storage of unstable Explosions and fires Lower heat removal rate in materials commercial units Unit 19 Introduction to Process Design 1.a flowsheet 7.health 2.control scheme 8.safety 3.process manuals 9.a reactor 4.profit 10.tradeoffs 5.sustainable industrial activities 11.optimizations 6.waste 12.hierarchy Unit 20 Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 1.the producing species 6.drying agent 2.nutrient medium 7.product 3.fermentation step 8.water 4.biomass 9.biological purification 5.biomass separation - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学而不思就惘,思而不学就殆Materials areas Research activities Polymer Probe the microscale dynamics of macromolecules Develop improved processes, Create new materials Polymer Composites Advanced Ceramics Ceramic Composites Com