初中英语一般将来时详解.pdf
Grammar:Simple FutureGrammar:Simple FutureSimple future has two different forms in English:will and be going to.Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably,they oftenexpress two very different meanings.These different meanings might seemtoo abstract at first,but with time and practice,the differences will becomeclear.Both will and be going to refer to a specific time in the future.FORM WillFORM Willwill+VERBExamples:Youwill helpwill help him later.WillWill you helphelp him later?Youwill not helpwill not help him later.FORM Be Going ToFORM Be Going Toam/is/are+going to+VERBExamples:Youare going to meetare going to meet Jane tonight.AreAre you going to meetgoing to meet Jane tonight?Youare not going to meetare not going to meet Jane tonight.USE 1 Will to Express a Voluntary ActionUSE 1 Will to Express a Voluntary ActionWill often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily.Avoluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else.Often,weuse will to respond to someone elses complaint or request for help.Wealso use will when we request that someone help us or volunteer to dosomething for us.Similarly,we use will not or wont when we refuse tovoluntarily do something.Examples:I will sendwill send you the information when I get it.I will translatewill translate the email,so Mr.Smith can read it.WillWill you helphelp me move this heavy table?WillWill you makemake dinner?I will not dowill not do your homework for you.I wont dowont do all the housework myself!A:Im really hungry.B:Ill makell make some sandwiches.A:Im so tired.Im about to fall asleep.B:Ill getll get you some coffee.A:The phone is ringing.B:Ill getll get it.USE 2 Will to Express a PromiseUSE 2 Will to Express a PromiseWill is usually used in promises.Examples:I will callwill call you when I arrive.If I am elected President of the United States,I willwill makemake sureeveryone has access to inexpensive health insurance.I promise I will not tellwill not tell him about the surprise party.Dont worry,Ill bell be careful.I wont tellwont tell anyone your secret.USE 3 Be going to to Express a PlanUSE 3 Be going to to Express a PlanBe going to expresses that something is a plan.It expresses the idea thata person intends to do something in the future.It does not matter whetherthe plan is realistic or not.Examples:He is going to spendis going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.She is not going to spendis not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.A:When areare we going to meetgoing to meet each other tonight?B:We are going to meetare going to meet at 6 PM.Im going to bem going to be an actor when I grow up.Michelle is going to beginis going to begin medical school next year.They are going to driveare going to drive all the way to Alaska.Who areare you going to invitegoing to invite to the party?A:Who is going to makeis going to make Johns birthday cake?B:Sue is going to makeis going to make Johns birthday cake.USE 4 Will or Be Going to to Express a PredictionUSE 4 Will or Be Going to to Express a PredictionBoth will and be going to can express the idea of a general predictionabout the future.Predictions are guesses about what might happen in thefuture.In prediction sentences,the subject usually has little control overthe future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply.In the following examples,there is no difference in meaning.Examples:The year 2222 will bewill be a very interesting year.The year 2222 is going to beis going to be a very interesting year.John Smith will bewill be the next President.John Smith is going to beis going to be the next President.The movie Zenith will winwill win several Academy Awards.The movie Zenith is going to winis going to win several Academy Awards.IMPORTANTIMPORTANTIn the simple future,it is not always clear which USE the speaker has inmind.Often,there is more than one way to interpret a sentences meaning.No Future in Time ClausesNo Future in Time ClausesLike all future forms,the simple future cannot be used in clauses beginningwith time expressions such as:when,while,before,after,by the time,assoon as,if,unless,etc.Instead of simple future,simple present is used.Examples:When you will arrivewill arrive tonight,we will go out for dinner.Not CorrectNot CorrectWhen you arrivearrive tonight,we will go out for dinner.CorrectCorrectADVERB PLACEMENTADVERB PLACEMENTThe examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as:always,only,never,ever,still,just,etc.Examples:You willnevernever help him.Will you everever help him?You arenevernever going to meet Jane.Are you everever going to meet Jane?ACTIVE/PASSIVEACTIVE/PASSIVEExamples:John will finishwill finish the work by 5:00 PM.ActiveThe work will be finishedwill be finished by 5:00 PM.PassiveSally is going to makeis going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.ActiveA beautiful dinner is going to be madeis going to be made by Sally tonight.Passive
