2021年定语从句归纳及专项练习题.docx

精品word 可编辑资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - -定语从句语法归纳及练习一.语法学问归纳一.基本概念（一） 定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；（二） 先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词；一般情形下，定语从句紧跟先行词；但也有因各种缘由定语从句与先行词被分割的现象；（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词；与先行词关系亲密，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分；关系代词有：who、 whom、 which、 that 和 whose、 另外， as 也可充当关系代词；关系代词在定语从句中充当主语.宾语.表语和定语；关系副词有：when、 where 和 why；在定语从句中充当状语；二.关系代词的用法（一）基本用法依据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词；如下表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注who人主语， 宾语Do you know the man who is talking with yourmother.whom人宾语关 系whose人，物定语代词that人，物主语， 宾语which物主语， 宾语Mr.Smithis the person withwhomIam workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.Ilikethose books whose topicsare about history.The boywhose father worksabroad is myclassmate.A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.whom、 which 和 that 在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略， 但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不行以用thatas人，物主语， 宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as 做宾语一般不省略例如：（留意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week.（作主语） I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published.（作主语） The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last.（作宾语） This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you .（作宾语） The soldier whose legs were badly woundedwas operated on without delay.（作定语）留意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时就不能；（见上例）（二）关系代词that 代替 which 的一些情形 which、 that 在代替物时，一般可以通用；但在有些情形下，只用that；先行词为最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时；例如： This is the best that has been used against pollution. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years . 先行词为序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时；例如： This is the last place (that) I want to visit . It is the first American movie of this kind that I ve ever seen. 先行词为all、 much、 little、 something、 everything、 anything、 nothing、 none 等代词时；例如： You should hand in all that you have. We havent got much that we can offer you. 先行词前面有 the only、 the very、 any、 few、 little、 no、 all、 much、 every 等修饰时；例如： The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. The little money ( that) he had was stolen.（三）宜用 who、 而不用 that 的一些情形 先行词为 one、 ones、 anyone时；例如： One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it .先行词为 those 时；例如： Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.（四）其它情形 先行词既有人又有物时；1第 1 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -精品word 可编辑资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - -例如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about . The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. 主句已有疑问词who 或 which 时；例如： Which is the bike that you lost. Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.（五）与 whose 有关的问题 whose 为代词的全部格，它既可以代人也可以代物；例如： I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the bookwhose cover is red. 当 whose 表示物与物的全部格关系时，亦可用of which 的形式；例如： The building whose roof you can see from hereis a new restaurant. The building、 the roof of which you can see from here、is a new restaurant或. The building、 of which the roof you can see from hereis a new restaurant.三.介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前；例如：Have you seen the pen(which) I wrote the note with just now .（ which 作介词 with 的宾语） Have you seen the penwith which I wrote the note just now .但为，要留意的为： 介词前提后，先行词为人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom 和 which，而不再用 that 或 who ； 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略； 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for、 look after、 take care of 等；例如：错误： Who is the old man to that you were talking to.正确： Who is the old man to whom you were talking . 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to .错误： These are the sheepof which the boy took care.正确： These are the sheep(which/that) the boy took care of .四.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一样关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一样；例如：Who is the guy that is reading over there.The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25、000. All that needs to be done has been done.He is one of the studentswho use computer a lot for study. Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.例中的 all 意为“一切” ，作单数；例中没通过考试的同学事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数；that 与 which、 who、 whom 的用法区分：情形用法说明例句只用 that 的情形只 用which、who、whom 的情形先行词为 all、 everything、 anything、 nothing、 little、 much、 等不定代词时；先行词被 all、 any、 every、 each、 much、 little、 no、 some、 few 等修饰时先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时先行词既指人又指物时先行词被 the only、 the very 修饰时句中已经有 who 或 which 时，为了防止重复时在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which 指代物，用 who/whom 指人 在由“介词 +关系代词” 引导的定语从句中， 只能用 which 指物，whom 指人；先行词本身为 that 时，关系词用 which、 先行词为 those、 one、 he时多用who；1. He told me everything that he knows.2. All the books that you offered have been given out.3. This is the best film that I have ever read.4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5. He is the only man that I want to see.6. Who is the man that is making a speech.1. He has a son、 who has gone abroad for further study.2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.定语从句专项练习(1)1.The place interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. WhichB. whereC. whatD. in which 2.Do you know the man .A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed4.Do youknowthe year the Chinese CommunistParty was founded.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. on which 5.That is the day I'll never forget.A. whichB. on whichC. in whichD. when 6.The factory we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which7.Great changes have taken place in the factory we are working since then.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there 8.This is one of the best films .A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book the other day.A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked 10.The pen he is writing is mine.A.with whichB.in whichC.on whichD.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse、 in front of sat a small boy.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that 12.The engineer my father works is about 50 years old. A.to whomB.on whomC.with whichD. with whom 13.Is there anyone in your class family is in the country.A. whoB. who'sC. whichD. whose 14.I'm interested in you have said.A. all thatB.all whatC. thatD. which2第 2 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -精品word 可编辑资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - -15.I want to use the same dictionary was used yesterday.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. as 16.He isn't such a man he used to be.45. Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn.A. thatB. /C. whichD. it46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall、 he could seeA. whoB. whomC. thatD. as was going on inside house.17. He is good at English、 we all know.A. thatB. asC. whomD. what 18.Li Ming、 to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went withB. with whom I wentC. with who I wentD.I went with him19.I don't like as you read.A. the novelsB. the such novelsC. such novels D. same novels 20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what 21.The letter is from my sister、 is working in Beijing.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who22. In our factory there are 2、000 workers、 two thirds of are women.A. themB. whichC. whomD. whoA. which; whatB. through which; whatC.through that; whatD. what; that47. Is some German friends visited last week.A this school B.this the school C.this school oneD.this school where48. John got beaten in the game、 had been expected.A. asB. thatC. whatD. who49. I have bought two ballpens、 writes well.A. none of themB. neither of themC. neither of whichD. none of which50. All that can be eaten eaten up.A. are beingB. has beenC. had beenD. have been定语从句专项练习（2）1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines、 from east to west. Those run from north to south are called avenues.A. running; thatB. run; whoC. running; whoD. run; that23.You're the only person I've ever met could do it.2. This is the case heallhiss mhaodney stolen.A. who;/B./; whomC. whom;/D./; who24.I lost a book、 I can't remember now.A. whose titleB. its titleC. the title of itD. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake、 Hangzhou is famous in the world.A.for whichB.for thatC.in whichD what26.I have bought such a watch was advertised on TV.A. thatB. whichC. asD. it27.I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn、 we will enjoythe Olympic Games in 2021.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. how4. The artist willnot paint people or animals but he willpaint anything .A. that the little girl asks himB. the little girl asks him toC. for the little girl to ask himD. what the little girl asks him5. How did you get in touch with the travel agent、 Robin. Oh、that esasy. Isurfed the Internet and then calledoneA. when; whichB.which; whenC.what; that D.on which; when the telephone number is provided.28. The way he looks at problems is wrong.A. whichB. whoseC. whatD./ 29.This is the reason he didn't come to the meeting.A. in whichB. with whichC. thatD. for whichA. whichB. in whichC. of whichD. whose6. October 15 th is my birthday、 I will never forget.A. whenB. thatC. whatD. which7. The treatment willcontinue until the patient reaches the point30.This machine、 for many years、 is still working perfectly. he can walk correctly and safely.A.after which I have lookedB. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked afterD. I have looked after 31.The reason he didn't come was he was ill.A. why; thatB. that; whyC. for that; hatD. for which; what32. He is working hard、 will make him pass the final exam. A.thatB.whichC.for whichD.who33. That is not the way I do it.A./B.whichC.for whichD.with which34.I have two grammars、 are of great use.A. all of whichB. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools used in your factory a few days ago.A.as wasB. which wasC.as wereD. which36. My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble、 was very kind of them.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. it 37.This is the magazine I copied the paragraph.A. thatB. whichC. from thatD. from which38. He is not such a man would leave his work half done.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. as39. You can depend on whatever promise he makes.A. /B. whyC. whenD. whose40. Smoking、 is a bad habit、 is、 however、 popular.A. thatB. whichC. itD. though41. - Did you ask the guard happened.- Yes、 he told me all he knew.A.what; thatB. what; whatC. which; whichD. that; that42. I shall never forget those years I lived on the farm with the farmers、 has a great effect on my life.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whose8. There are several research centers in Chinaa certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. what9. I hope that the little I have been able to do does good to them all.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. when10. The time is not far away modern communications will become widespread in Chin a s vast countryside.A. asB. whenC. untilD. before11. is known to everybody、 Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.A. ItB. AsC. WhichD. What12. I shall never forget the dayShen Zhou Vwas launched、 has a great effect on my life.A. when、 whichB. that、 whichC. which、 thatD. when、 that13. The bread my wife makes is much better than you can buy at a store.A. that whichB. one thatC. that of whichD. this of which14. There is no such place you dream of in all this world.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. as15. The people、had been damaged by the flood、 were given help by the Red Cross.A. all whose homesB. all of whose homesC. all their homesD. all of their homes16. The humans are destroying nature day by day、of course、 will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.A. whoB. whenC. on whichD. whichA.when; whoB.that; whichC. which; thatD. when; which43. The number of the people who cars increasing.17. Is this research center equipment last year.youvisitedthe modernA.owns; areB. owns; isC. own; isD. own; are44. During the days 、 he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. whereB. thatC. the one thatD. the one where18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the oldA.followedB.followingC.to followD.that followed they swam in it.3第 3 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - -精品word 可编辑资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - -A. whenB. thatC. whoD. where19. The man showed us so heavy a stone no man can lift.A. thatB. asC. whichD. and20. He stayed there for quite a long time、 during time he learned much spoken English.A. thatB. thisC. whichD. same定语从句专项练习（3）1. Who is the womanis sweeping the floor over there.A. whoB. /C. thatD. when2. The doctoris leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking3. He talked about a herono one had ever heard.A. thatB. in whichC. in thatD. when28. This is the last time I will write to you.A. whenB. thatC. whatD. as29. I don t like the way he spoke to me.A. whatB. by whichC. by thatD. /30. The train he was traveling was delayed for more than an hour.A. by whichB. on whichC. for whichD. on that（ 4）真题回忆1. We went through a periodcommunications were very difficult in rural areas. (2021上海 )A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which2. Human facial expressions differfrom those of animals in the degree they can be controlled on purpose. (2007 重庆 )A. with whichB. to whichC. of whichD. for whichA. of whomB. from whomC. about thatD. who3. Animalssufferedat the hands ofMan they were4. Have you read the bookI lent to you.A. thatB. whomC. whenD. whose5. American women usually identify their best frie