2021年高考真题——英语（北京卷）+Word版含答案【KS5U+高考】.doc

2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷·英语本试卷共11页，共100分考试时长90分钟考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑Recently，I took a trip home by trainI got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept 1 a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lapThe woman's eye fell on the man's face，and she immediately looked down and 2 her scarfAs the night wore on，people began to close their eyes，but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any 3 The woman looked over at the manHe was still staring at herShe looked back at him with fire in her eyesI was beginning to get 4 ，tooThe train moved onThe little boy was 5 awake on his mother's lap，but the woman dropped off to sleepA moment later，he began to 6 the half-open windowone leg went over itThe man jumped up and 7 the child just before he fell outThe 8 woke up the womanShe seemed to be in 9 ，and then reality dawned （显现）“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to her. “So I have been watching the whole time”The woman was 10 ，and so was I1. A. guiding B. bothering C. watching D. monitoring2. A. adjusted B. changed C. packed D. waved3. A. air B. joy C. space D. rest4. A. nervous B. embarrassed C. angry D. disappointed5. A. almost B. still C. hardly D. even6. A. drag B. climb C. knock D. push7. A. grabbed B. rocked C. touched D. picked8. A. alarm B. quarrel C. risk D. noise9. A. sorrow B. relief C. panic D. pain10. A. astonished B. confused C. concerned D. inspired第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空请在答题卡指定区域作答AWhy do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure，and they have diverse 11 （idea）Dreams might be a side effect of memory makingWhen you sleep，your brain sorts through everything 12 happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it 13 （connect） things，your brain tums them into a story，and you get a dreamBSam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his dayWhile riding his bike home 14 a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herselfThe poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about 15 she livedSam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16 （safe） wait for the police to take her homeCThere 17 （be） a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years， 18 （cause） largely by rising global temperatures，according to a new report from the United NationsFrom 2000 to 2019，there were7,348 major natural disasters around the world， 19 （result） in USD2,970 billion in economic lossMuch of this increase can be due to climate changeThe findings show a critical need 20 （invest）in disaster prevention.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑AIf you are planning to start a career in the field of education，science，or culture，then an internship（实习） at UNESCO will be ideal for youWho can apply？l You have completed your full-time university studies；orl You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degreel Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institutionWhat are the requirements？l You must be at least 20 years oldl You should have a good command （掌握） of either English or Frenchl You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related softwarel You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environmentl You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skillsWhat do you need to prepare？l Visa：You should obtain the necessary visasl Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internshipl Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有效的）in the target country for the entire period of the internshipUNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship periodl Medical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to workl Motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application formYour application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six monthsWe do not respond to every candidateIf selected，you will be contacted by a managerIf you do not receive any update within six months，it means that your application has not been successful21. According to this passage，applicants are required to_A. hold a master's degree in scienceB. have international work experienceC. be fluent in either English or FrenchD. present a letter from a technical institution22. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period？A. Limited medical insurance coverageB. Training in communication skillsC. A medical certificate for workD. Financial support for travel23. What should applicants do before filling out the application form？A. Contact UNESCO managers B. Get access to the databaseC. Keep a motivation letter at hand D. Work in a team for six monthsBI remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期） project of volunteering at a non-profit organizationWhen the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mindThen，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested meAfter doing some research， I believed that we could really do something for those kidsWhen I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi childrenTheir faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined this project without hesitationWe decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kitsone kit，one childThe most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came togetherWhen I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi childOver the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completedWhile making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind itI had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade onWhen the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forgetIn the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another personNow that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but tenWith our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education24.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？A. It would affect his/her initial plansB. It would involve traveling overseasC. It would not bring him/her a good gradeD. It would not live up to his/her expectations25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project？A. Images of Iraqi children B. Research by his/her classmatesC. A teacher's introduction D. A representative's comments26. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to_.A. become OIC volunteers B. further their educationC. study in foreign countries D. influence other children27. What can we conclude from this passage？A. One's potential cannot always be underratedB. First impression cannot always be trustedC. Actions speak louder than wordsD. He who hesitates is lostCHundreds of scientists，writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December：Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapseResearchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as“a credible scenario（情景） this century”A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events，food insecurity，and freshwater shortages might create global collapseOf course，if you are a non-human species，collapse is well underwayThe call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nationsNot very long ago，it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibilityThe international scholars' warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happenCollapseology，the study of collapse，is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilizationAmong the signatories（签署者）of the warning was Bob Johnson，the originator of the“ecological footprint”concept，which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyleWith the current footprint of humanity，“it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form，possibly within a decade，certainly within this century，”Johnson said in an emailOnly if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the December warning letter says，can we have the hope to reduce their“speed，severity and harm”And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignoredWe all want to hope things will turn out fineAs a poet wrote，Man is a victim of dope （麻醉品）In the incurable form of hopeThe hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执着） on quieting hope that ignores preparedness“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse，”hey say，“and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future”28. What does the underlined word“germane”in Paragraph 3 probably mean？A. Scientific B. CredibleC. Original D. Relevant29. As for the public awareness of global collapse，the author is_A. worried B. puzzledC. surprised D. scared30. What can we learn from this passage？A. The signatories may change the biophysical limitsB. The author agrees with the message of the poemC. The issue of collapse is being prioritizedD. The global collapse is well underwayDEarly fifth-century philosopher StAugustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked himAlbert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure itToday's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have proven Einstein rightEven advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're askingForget about time as an absoluteWhat if，instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balanceWhat if our definition of time reflected that？Recently，I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet，conditions that might change as a result of global warmingWe're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers，which are sensitive to local and global environmental changesWe've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rateIf the rivers run faster in the future on average，the clock will get ahead of standard timeIf they run slower，you'll see the opposite effectThe clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamicsIt's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phonesAnyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planetAnyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policiesEven if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars，early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomenaIn pre-Classical Greece，for instance，people“corrected”official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of seasonTemporal connection to the environment was vital to their survivalLikewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awarenessWhen StAugustine admitted his inability to define time， he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined contextAny timekeeping system is valid，and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose31. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to natureB. Everyone can define time on their own termsC. The qualities of time vary with how you measure itD. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to_A. present an assumption B. evaluate an argumentC. highlight an experiment D. introduce an approach33. What can we learn from this passage？A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced lifeB. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slowerD. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers temporal frame34. What can we infer from this passage？A. It is crucial to improve the definition of timeB. A fixed frame will make time meaninglessC. We should live in harmony with natureD. History is a mirror reflecting reality第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑选项中有两项为多余选项Music has long been considered to be an