2018届高三英语二轮复习试题：专题三第四讲　主旨大意题 课时作业 Word版含解析.doc

A(2017·长春监测)Life in the Internet age is lonelyor is it? Thats what experts in human interaction are debating after a new Stanford University survey has been published.According to the study, the more time people spend online, the less they can spare for real­life relationships with family and friends. The researchers asked 113 people about the Webs influence on daily activities. 36% of those people are online for more than five hours a week. “As Internet use becomes more widespread, it will have an increasingly isolating(孤立的) effect on society，”says Robert Kraut, one of the researchers.Scholars and Web lovers criticized the study for stretching its data to make the “isolating” point. While 13% of regular Web users admitted the loss of time with loved ones，60% reported watching less TV. The survey also shows that e­mail is the most popular online activity. If some of webheads(网虫) spend what was once passive TV time keeping company with friends via e­mails, “thats a move toward greater connectedness，” says Paul Resnick，a professor at the University of Michigan.This isnt the first claim that the Web should be criticized. A 1998 report monitored 73 Pittsburgh­area families Internet use for a year. People who used the Internet more “talked less to family members and reported being lonelier and more depressed，” says Robert Kraut.“Its true that there have been big declines in social connectedness over the past decades, but those declines began before the Internet was invented，” says Thomas Putnam.As Amitay Etzioni says, the Internet gives us a different kind of social lifenot better or worse than before, but just different.解题导语本文介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究，即网络是否会导致社会孤立以及来自社会各界的讨论。1Who claimed that the Web had negative influence?ARobert Kraut.BPaul Resnick.CThomas Putnam. DAmitay Etzioni.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As Internet use becomes more widespread, it will have an increasingly isolating(孤立的) effect on society，”says Robert Kraut, one of the researchers.可知，罗伯特·克劳特认为随着网络使用越来越广泛，网络会导致社会孤立效应。故选A项。2The underlined word “This” in Para.4 refers to _Athe study conducted by Stanford UniversityBthe survey made by the University of MichiganCthe conclusion in a report written in 1998Dthe opinion expressed in Bowling AloneA解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句句意为：这不是第一次有人称网络应该受到批评。这仍然是罗伯特·克劳特的观点，也就是斯坦福大学开展的调查研究的结果。故选A项。3From the passage we learn that _Awatching TV used to take time away from staying onlineB36% of Web users spend more than five hours a week onlineCthe Web was blamed more than once for causing an isolating effectDthe Web has the same influence as the telephone and the televisionC解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句This isnt the first claim that the Web should be criticized.可知，因为网络使人们之间的联系减少，不止一次有人对此进行谴责。故选C项。4The passage mainly discusses _Ahow we can make a better use of the InternetBwhether the Internet causes an isolating effectChow declines in social connectedness appearDwhat a different life the Internet brings to usB解析：主旨大意题。文章以一项调查研究入题，进行了关于网络是否会导致社会孤立效应的讨论。故选B项。B(2017·广东佛山检测)The times are changing. On Thursday October 13th, singer­songwriter Bob Dylan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, marking the first time the highly­eyed­on literary award has gone to someone who is mainly seen as a musician, and giving rise to heated discussions.The 75­year­old won the prize “for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”， the Swedish Academy said.“For 54 years he has been at it, reinventing himself，” said Sara Danius, the academys permanent secretary. “Bob Dylan writes poetry for the ear. But its perfectly fine to read his works as poetry.”And while many Dylans fans have found great delight at the news, others online and in the literary community are_cross_with the Committee, saying the award has skipped over fiction writers for the second year.New York Times Book Review editor Pamela Paul said it was good news but pointed out how many “deserving” novelists there are.Director Martin Scorsese put out a statement saying he was “overjoyed” that Dylan was awarded the prize.“Dylans poetry, his musical genius, has meant so much to me personally and to generations of people around the world，” Scorsese said. “His work has influenced and shaped culture, and he has never stopped exploring and growing as an artist. The Nobel Committee has given Dylan a form of recognition that fits his role in our culturein world culture.”Dylan won a Pulitzer Prize in 2008 for his “great influence on popular music and American culture”. Hes the first American to win the literary Nobel since Toni Morrison in 1993.解题导语作为一名歌手，鲍勃·迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖的消息让很多人大感意外，从而引发热议。5Why does Bob Dylans winning the Nobel Prize cause heated discussions?AHe created poetic expressions.BHe is known as a musician.CHe reinvents himself.DHe is 75 years old.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的marking the first time the highly­eyed­on literary award has gone to someone who is mainly seen as a musician可知，正是因为鲍勃·迪伦是一位歌手，所以获得诺贝尔文学奖才引发热议。故选B项。6Which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in Paragraph 4?AAre thankful to. BAre satisfied with.CAre angry with. DAre worried about.C解析：词义猜测题。第四段开头的And while many Dylans fans have found great delight at the news中while表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，所以后面的others online and in the literary community are_cross_with the Committee中的are cross with与found great delight意思应该相反。再根据最后的saying the award has skipped over fiction writers for the second year可判断，are cross with应表示“对生气”，而不是D项中的“担心”。故选C项。7What can we know about Dylan according to Martin Scorsese?ADylan influences Martin a lot.BDylan is happy with the award.CDylan is a poet rather than a musician.DDylan benefits a lot from world culture.A解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Dylans poetry, his musical genius, has meant so much to me personally and to generations of people around the world可知，鲍勃·迪伦对他影响很大。故选A项。8What is the passage mainly about?AA brief introduction to Bob Dylan.BThe reason for Bob Dylans success.CBob Dylans influence on American culture.DDifferent views on Bob Dylans winning the Nobel Prize.D解析：主旨大意题。文章开头就点明了鲍勃·迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖引起了热议，接着说明了不同的人对此事的不同态度。故选D项。C(2017·江西名校联盟检测)Biologist Robert Pitman and his colleagues tracked orcas，or killer whales, and humpback whales off the coast of Western Australia. To research further, the scientists attached a tracker to a female orca, which allowed them to use satellites to monitor her movements. They followed her for six days. During that time, the orca attacked eight young humpback whales. During the seven attacks, the orca killed the humpback whale calf(幼兽) on three occasions.But the story doesnt end there. Humpback whales themselves are popularly thought to be large but generally, passive creatures. Pitmans study findings may let people think otherwise.When chased by orcas, humpback whales are known to try to outswim orcas. They are thought to do this at high speed so that the orcas cant keep up. On some occasions, the humpback whales sought out protection. They swam to shallow water, nearby reefs, or even under the researchers boats. These ways often reduced the attack. But at other times, the humpback whales decided to stay and fight.As the orcas approached, the mother humpback would sometimes move her calf to her side, or lift it out of the water using her head or flippers. She also blew huge breaths of air to disturb the orcas, and lunged or charged at them, slashing(劈) and slapping her tail and flippers. Perhaps most surprisingly, humpback whales also have adult escorts(护卫队) that try to protect calves that are not their own, joining the mother in defending the smaller whale. These escort whales either charged at the orcas, or placed themselves between the attackers and calves, slashing their tails and flippers.Despite the efforts of the mother whales and escorts, the orcas were more often than not successful in their attacks. But the presence of the escorts did reduce how many times a whale calf was killed.解题导语本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家使用科学仪器来观察杀人鲸是如何追杀驼背鲸及后者是如何反击和保护幼小的驼背鲸的。9Whats the purpose of the scientists further research?ATo keep a record of whales living habits.BTo observe orcas hunting humpback whales.CTo see what life­or­death battles whales may face.DTo find out the techniques orcas use when hunting.B解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“To research further. to use satellites to monitor her movements. They followed her for six days. During that time, the orca attacked eight young humpback whales.”可知，科学家进行进一步研究的目的是观察杀人鲸追杀驼背鲸的活动。故选B。10Why did the humpback whales swim to shallow water?ATo avoid being attacked.BTo hunt for food.CTo protect their young.DTo trick the chasers.A解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“On some occasions, the humpback whales sought out protection. They swam to shallow water, nearby reefs, or even under the researchers boats.”可知，驼背鲸游至浅水区是出于自身的安全考虑，为了避免被攻击。故选A。11What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?AWhy humpback whales fall victim to orcas.BHow humpback whales protect their calves.CThe great mother love of humpback whales.DSmaller humpback whales ways of surviving.B解析：段落大意题。根据第四段的内容可知，本段主要讲的是在面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸是如何进行反击来保护自己的幼崽的。故B项最能概括本段的主旨要义。12What does Pitmans study find?AOrcas are successful in their attacks.BIts not easy for orcas to obtain food.CHumpback whales swim faster than orcas.DHumpback whales could be active animals.D解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“Humpback whales themselves are popularly thought to be large but generally, passive creatures. Pitmans study findings may let people think otherwise.”可知，驼背鲸一般被认为是大型的、通常被动的生物，Pitman的研究发现可能会让人不这么认为。下文接着讲了面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸所采取的一些应对方式，其中包含积极迎击。故选D。专题强化训练16主旨大意题标题归纳类学生用书P107(单独成册)A(2017·江西师大附中、临川一中联考)“My neighbor doesnt speak English, but her kindness needs no translation.”Angie Morris, an 81­year­old Canadian woman who grew up in wartime Britain and now lives in Vancouver, British Columbia, was describing how her next­door neighbor, Ms. Wing, a 68­year­old Chinese woman, voluntarily cooks meals for her every day. She called it “the ultimate home­delivery service”Morriss moving, first­person narrative which was published last week by the Canadian newspaper The Globe and Mail, has gone popular，with more than 24，000 online reposts.“I know what is inside the paper carrier bag，” she wrote. “A thermos with hot soup and a stainless­steel container with a meal of rice, vegetables and either chicken, meat or shrimp，sometimes with a kind of pancake. This has become an almost daily occurrence.”Wing started her act of kindness when she learned that Morris had to undergo heart surgery.She took it upon herself to begin feeding her neighbor, even though the two women have no way of communicating verbally. Wing speaks only Mandarin, and Morriss Mandarin is limited to ni hao(hello)“So here we are, two grandmothers a world away from where we were raised, neither of us able to speak the others language, but communicating one way or another(with some help from technology). The doorbell keeps ringing and there is the familiar brown paper carrier bag, handed smilingly to me by Wing，” Morris wrote.Readers and netizens around the world have been touched by this relationship that crosses national boundaries and focuses on human kindness.“You know that most people in this world just want to live a good life，” one reader commented. “I come from old Ireland, so I can tell you a thing or two about conflict. The point is, most people are very good with big hearts and want their children to grow up safe and in places like this country can offer.”解题导语互为邻居的两位老人温女士与安吉·莫里斯虽然语言不通无法交流，但温女士在得知莫里斯要做手术的消息后，主动为其做饭。她的善举感动了很多读者和网友。1Why did Ms. Wing cook meals for Morris?AMorris had some health problems.BWing was an expert cook.CMs. Wing had nothing else to do.DThey were raised in the same place.A解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句Wing started her act of kindness when she learned that Morris had to undergo heart surgery.可知，温女士因为知道莫里斯要做手术，所以做饭给她吃。故选A项。2Which of the following words can best describe Ms. Wing?AKind-hearted.BSensitive.CCommunicative. DArrogant.A解析：推理判断题。通读文章可知，温女士一直自愿为邻居做饭，所以推断她是一位善良、热心的女士，故选A项。sensitive意为“敏感的”；communicative意为“爱说话的，好社交的”；arrogant意为“傲慢的；自大的”。3What can be concluded from the last two paragraphs?AMost people in this world are having a good life.BPeople from different countries easily have conflicts.COld Ireland is a place where children can grow up safe.DPeople are impressed and moved by Ms. Wings behavior.D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第七段以及第八段网友的留言可知，很多读者和网友都被温女士的善举所感动，感受到了跨越国界和语言的人性之善。故选D项。4What can be the best title of this passage?AA Voluntary Cook.BServing Your Neighbor.CKindness Beyond Language.DNutritious Meals.C解析：标题归纳题。文章主要讲述一位来自中国的温女士虽与邻居莫里斯言语不通，但是得知莫里斯要做手术的消息后，一直自愿为她做饭，这一超越语言和国界的善举感动了很多读者和网友。由此可知，C项最适合用作文章标题。B(2017·河北衡水中学高三大联考)Scientists in Britain have managed to teach bumblebees(大黄蜂) to pull strings to get to food and then pass on what they have learned to others in their colony(群体)showing a high level of intelligence despite their tiny brains.Researchers at Queen Mary University of London said the experiments, often used to test the intelligence of apes(猿) and birds, showed for the first time that some insects are up to the task，and can also pass skills on through several generations.The findings add to the evidence suggesting the ability for “culture spread”the ability to learn and pass on knowledge and skillsmay not be exclusive to humans.In the research, published in the journal PLOS Biology on Tuesday, the scientists were able to train 23 out of a group of 40 bees to pull strings with their legs and feet.The strings were attached to discsor artificial “flowers”containing food at their center but placed under a transparent screen. The bees, spotting the food beneath the screen, learned to pull the “flowers” out by pulling the string with their legs and feet to be able to get to it.From another group of bees given the chance to solve the task without any training, only two of 110 were successful.Another group of bees was then allowed to observe the trained bees pulling the strings, and 60 percent of them successfully learned the skill. Finally, trained bees were put in colonies, and the scientists found the technique spread successfully to a majority of the colony s worker bees.Lars Chittka, a Queen Mary University professor who guided the project, said the team is interested in figuring out the brain processes behind the bees learning and teaching skills.解题导语本文介绍了大黄蜂经过训练可以习得某种技能，还会传播自己所学的技能。5What does the underlined word “exclusive” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AOrdinary. BUnique.CBeneficial. DWidespread.B解析：词义猜测题。第二段中提出，不仅猿和鸟类有学习和传播知识的能力，一些昆虫也有这样的能力。第二段和第三段中的关键词also和add to the evidence提示，这种能力并非人类独有的。故选B项。6What did the