2018届高三英语二轮复习试题：专题一第一讲　语法填空 练习 Word版含解析.doc

第一讲语法填空全国卷3年考情分析注：2017、2016年全国高考共3套试题，有的按甲、乙、丙卷分类，有的按、卷分类，其对应关系为卷乙卷、卷甲卷、卷丙卷，本书按、卷分类，以下各题型同。命题者说语法填空是高考英语试题的一项创新，它将语法知识的考查融于一篇英语短文中，通过设置纯空格题和给词填空两种形式表现出来，突出考查学生通过语境运用语法知识的能力，更客观、准确地考量学生的语法知识水平。此题虽然只有15分，占英语全卷分数的十分之一，但也是英语考卷的重要组成部分，不可小觑。要想此题有好的发挥，学好语法，注重运用必不可少，这是基础；了解考点，掌握解题技巧才是确保得分的关键。近3年全国卷八套试题的语法填空部分充分体现了“实词考查为主，虚词考查为辅”的命题原则。命题形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种。1有提示词有提示词的语法填空考查了动词的时态、语态、主谓一致；非谓语动词；形容词的比较等级；名词的数；代词的格以及词类转换。(1)动词的考查是语法填空的重点，包括谓语动词和非谓语动词。近3年的八套试题对动词的考查比较稳定，基本是每套35题，涉及的范围比较广，几乎涵盖了除虚拟语气之外所有动词的用法。预计将来对动词的考查将一如既往地稳定，虚拟语气也应引起大家的注意。(2)名词、代词的考查每年都会涉及。名词主要考查单复数的变化，代词主要考查人称代词主格、宾格和形容词性物主代词的变化。在此提醒大家关注一下反身代词的考查。(3)形容词、副词的比较等级偶有考查，近3年的八套试题中出现了两次，都是考查的比较级。但最高级也应成为大家关注的对象。(4)词类转换的考查相对稳定，平均每套题两个左右，形容词变副词是考查的重点，另外，动词变为名词，名词与形容词的互变等都应在备考中多注意。2无提示词无提示词的语法填空考查了冠词、介词、代词、并列连词、从句引导词、助动词以及语境填词。(1)冠词、介词主要考查基本用法及固定搭配；并列连词主要看前后的逻辑关系；助动词主要是疑问句或否定句；语境填词包括按固定搭配或逻辑关系选择合适的词。(2)从句引导词指的是三大从句的引导词，包括定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；名词性从句的连接词、连接代词和连接副词；状语从句的连词。但是考查的比较简单，只要搞清从句的基本用法大体都能做对。(3)另外，there be结构与强调句型也应在备考中多关注。(2017·全国卷)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61._ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62._ (effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63._ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64._ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65._ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66._ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67._ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68._ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be 69._ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70._ is not good for the health.解题导语本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。61as解析：考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式”，所以填as，意为“作为”。62effects解析：考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故用名词复数形式effects。63to process解析：考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth.为固定用法。64are removed解析：考查时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时，此处亦应用一般现在时；又因fat and salt是动词remove的承受者，应用被动语态。所以此处填are removed。65a解析：考查冠词。as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。66worse解析：考查比较级。短语even worse意为“更糟糕的是”，表示意义的递进。故用worse。67is解析：考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为Fast food，故填is。68eating解析：考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填eat的动名词形式eating。69careful解析：考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。70which解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。(2017·全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61._(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62._ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63._(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64._ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 65._(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66._(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using 67._ every day.Later, engineers 68._(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 69._ (introduce) of electric­powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 70._(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white­painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.解题导语本文是一篇说明文，介绍了全世界第一个地下客运铁路在英国开放及其逐渐发展成现在的地铁的过程。61crowds解析：考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词，并且其前没有限定词，所以此处用其复数形式。62from解析：考查介词。此处to and from work是指“当他们来回上下班时”。63laying解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为This，谓语动词included后由and连接了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。64the解析：考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶，所以在top前加the。65were used解析：考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍1863年的事情，而且Steam engines与use之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。66fairly解析：考查副词。此处fair是形容词，unpleasant也是形容词，所以要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词unpleasant，故在其前填fairly。67it解析：考查代词。根据上文的“the railway quickly”可知，此处用it代替the railway。68managed解析：考查动词时态。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系，而且是发生在过去的事情，所以填managed。69introduction解析：考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知，其后应接名词，故填introduction。70successful解析：考查词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的the most可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。(2017·全国卷)She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh­faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A­level course. But unlike her school friends ，16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term 41._(rest). Instead, she is earning 6，500 a day as 42._ model in New York. Sarah 43._(tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full­time. But Sarah, 44._ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 45._(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 46._(educate)She has turned down several 47._(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full­time before going to university to get a degree 48._engineering or architecture. Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 49._(come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 50._(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.”解题导语本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了16岁的Sarah在上学的同时兼职做模特，并且取得了巨大的成功；虽然她父亲希望她当全职模特，但是Sarah仍然坚持要完成学业。41resting解析：考查非谓语动词。spend time doing sth.是固定搭配，故填resting。42a解析：考查冠词。该空后面model是可数名词单数，此处表示“作为一名模特”，故填a。43has been told/was told解析：考查动词时态和语态。此处动词tell与Sarah是被动关系，因为第二段在讲述父亲和Sarah的想法时都是用现在时，因此可以用现在完成时表达过去对现在的影响，故可以填has been told。此外，“被告知”这件事情发生在过去，故也可填was told。44who解析：考查定语从句。此句Sarah是主语，wants是主句谓语，因此可以判断此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sarah，从句中缺主语且指人，故填who。45to prove解析：考查非谓语动词。want to do是固定搭配，故填to prove。46education解析：考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词her后需用educate的名词形式，故填education。47invitations解析：考查名词单复数。invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，要用复数形式，故填invitations。48in解析：考查介词。degree与介词in搭配，表示在某方面的学位。故填in。49comes解析：考查动词时态。全文均为现在时，且school是第三人称单数，故填comes。50certainly解析：考查副词。此处fun是形容词，应该用副词来修饰形容词，故填certainly。一、有提示词(一)提示词为动词“一定三思”解“动词”命题点1考查谓语动词若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态，还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。示例1(2017·全国卷)When fat and salt 64._ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.解析are removed考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，64空所在的时间状语从句中没有谓语动词，故空处应填谓语动词。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。示例2(2017·全国卷)Later, engineers 68._(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube.解析managed考查时态。分析句子结构可知，68空所在句的句中没有谓语动词，故空处应填谓语动词。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系且从时间状语later和became known as . 可知应用一般过去时，所以应填managed。命题点2考查非谓语动词若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词通常是非谓语动词，就要确定是v.ing形式，v.ed形式，还是不定式。一般来说，v.ing形式表示主动进行；v.ed形式表示被动完成；不定式表示尚未发生的动作。示例1(2017·全国卷)This included digging up the road, 63._(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64.the top.解析laying考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，63空所在的句子中已有谓语动词included，且空处不与included作并列谓语，故空处应填非谓语动词。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式。示例2(2017·全国卷)But unlike her school friends，16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term 41._(rest)解析resting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，41空所在的句子中已有谓语动词is not spending，且空处不与其作并列谓语，故空处应填非谓语动词。spend time(in) doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。示例3(2016·全国卷)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43._(create) special designs.解析to create考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，43空所在句中已有谓语动词combine，且空处不与combine作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语，故答案为to create。示例4(2015·全国卷)A study of travelers 68._(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.解析conducted考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，68空所在句中已有谓语动词names，且不与names作并列谓语，故填非谓语动词。study和conduct之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词作定语。故答案为conducted。命题点3考查词类转换有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求进行词类转换。示例1(2017·全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her 46._(educate)解析education考查词性转化之动词变名词。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。示例2(2017·全国卷)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be 69._ (care) not to go to extremes.解析careful考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。(二)提示词为名词或代词“一同二变”看“名、代”命题点1考查名词、代词的数与格所给提示词是名词时，一般考查单复数的变化，偶尔考查所有格；所给词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。示例1(2017·全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62._(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析effects考查名词复数。side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。示例2(2016·全国卷)Recent 66._(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67.regularly解析studies考查名词的数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明空格处的主语是名词复数studies。示例3(2016·四川卷)By that time，the panda no longer needed 68._ (it) mother for food.解析its考查代词的格。此处表示“它的母亲”，故使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词mother。故答案为its。命题点2考查名词的词类转换及人称代词变为反身代词所给提示词是名词时，有时考查词类转换，主要是名词变为形容词或动词。所给提示词为代词时，有时考查人称代词变为反身代词。示例1(2017·全国卷)The Central London Railway was one of the most 70._(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white­painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.解析successful考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。“one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数”表示“最的之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。示例2(2015·全国卷)As 49._ (nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 50.how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.解析natural考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。结合空格后的architects可知应该用形容词作定语，修饰名词，因此填natural。示例3(2017·咸阳模拟)When I got to the exit again, I found 66._(I) driving to the place we had driven in.解析myself考查人称代词转化为反身代词。空格内的词与前面的I相对应，应是我发现“我自己”，故用反身代词myself。(三)提示词为形容词或副词“二步思维”破“形、副”命题点1考查形容词或副词的比较等级所给提示词是形容词或副词时，需考虑是否变为比较级或最高级。示例1(2017·全国卷)Even 66._ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.解析worse考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。示例2(2014·辽宁卷)The 68._(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.解析harder考查固定句式中的比较等级。这里是“the比较级.，the比较级.”句式，表示“越就越”。故答案为harder。命题点2考查词类转换所给提示词是形容词时，还需要考虑形容词转化为副词或名词。示例1(2017·全国卷)It is 50._(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.解析certainly考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun，certain的副词形式为certainly。示例2(2016·全国卷)The title will be 63._(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.解析officially考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。修饰谓语部分应用副词形式。故答案为officially。示例3(2015·全国卷)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 43._(able) to “air condition” a house without 44.using electric equipment.解析ability考查词类转换。空格前的their是形容词性物主代词，其后应该接名词。故答案为ability。二、无提示词“二步”准填无提示词命题点1填代词来源:学#科#网无提示词的考查中，当句中缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填代词，主要包括人称代词、关系代词以及it的用法。示例1(2017·全国卷)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70._ is not good for the health.解析which考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。示例2(2015·浙江卷)How would you like _ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?解析it考查代词。it指代if you were watching.asking you这件事。命题点2填介词如果名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。示例1(2017·全国卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model full­time before going to university to get a degree 48._engineering or architecture. 解析in考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a degree in engineering or architecture工程学或建筑学学位。示例2(2017·全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and 62._ work.解析from考查介词。travel to and from work上下班。故填from。示例3(2014·全国卷)When the bus finally came，we all hurried on board.I got a place next 44._ the window，so I had a good view of the sidewalk.解析to考查固定搭配中的介词。此处是一个固定短语next to，意为“挨着”。故答案为to。命题点3填冠词如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。示例1(2017·全国卷)It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63.laying the track and then building a strong roof over 64._ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.解析the考查冠词。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。示例2(2017·全国卷)Instead, she is earning 6，500 a day as 42._ model in New York. 解析a考查冠词。句意：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特儿每天收入6 500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。命题点4填并列连词空格处是否填并列连词主要是通过观察句子结构确定。这种情况一般是空格前后是两个并列成分，如两个主谓结构完整的词、句子、短语等，而且相并列的成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系。示例1(2016·全国卷)In much of Asia, especially the so­called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41._Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.解析and考查并列连词。这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，应用and。示例2(2014·全国卷)But the river wasnt changed in a few days 64._even a few months.解析or考查并列连词。句意：但是河流不是几天或几个月就改变了的。a few days和a few months为并列关系，且此句是否定句，因此要用or连接。命题点5填从句连词从句连词是指三大从句的引导词，它们用来引导状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句。判断空格处填哪一类引导词，首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句，然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。示例1(2016·全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back 64.to my days on a TV show in the mid­1980s，65._ I was the first Western TV reporter 66.permitted to film a special unit