（新高考）2021届小题必练3 介词 学生版.docx

2021届好教育小题必练小题必练3：介词介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多。从高考试题可以看出，要掌握介词的基本用法，辨析相近、易混介词的用法；还要熟悉常用介词短语的含义，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。考点1 常用介词（2020·全国I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so the familiar near side.【答案】than【解析】考查介词。根据句子中more可知此处应该用比较级，故填than。（2020·浙江卷1月）This aging of the population is driven two factors.【答案】by【解析】考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。【点拨】一、常见介词辨析1表示时间的at，on和in意义短语at表示某个时间点、时刻等at midnight“在半夜”；at sunrise/sunset“在日出/日落”on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上on a rainy night“在一个雨夜”；on Christmas Eve“在平安夜”in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等in December“在十二月”；in the morning“在上午”2表示时间的in和after意义例句in表示“在时间之内/之后”，所在的句子必须表示将来He will be back in an hour.他一小时后就回来。after表示“在时间之后”，通常“after时间段”与过去时连用，“after时间点”与将来时连用He came back after an hour.他一小时后回来了。3表示方位的through，across和over意义短语through表示“从的内部穿过”through the forest“从森林穿过”across表示“从表面穿过”across the desert“穿过沙漠”over表示“从的上面越过”jump over the fence“跨过篱笆墙”4表示方位的in，on和to意义例句in表示“在范围内”Beijing lies in the north of China.北京位于中国北部。on表示“毗邻，接壤”Mongolia，which lies on the north of China，is a beautiful country.位于中国北部的蒙古，是一个美丽的国家。to表示“在范围外”Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国东部。5表示交通方式的by，on和in意义短语by后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词by sea，by air，by bike，by car，by trainon/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语on one's bike，in one's car6表示支持、反对的介词against和for意义例句against意为“反对”，此外还表示“倚靠着；逆着；以为背景”等Are you for the proposal or against it?你支持这项提议还是反对？for表示“支持，赞成”，还可表示原因、目的等考点2 介词的固定搭配（2020·山东卷）Museums must compete peoples spare time and money with other amusements.【答案】for【解析】考查固定搭配。根据空格前的动词compete与空格后的peoples spare time and money，判断此处需用表“为竞争”的动词短语compete for，故填for。（2020·浙江卷7月）Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived , through agriculture.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _”应是之前名词the world的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world，live in+名词，意为居住在某地。故填in。（2020·全国II卷）Bamboo plants are associated health, abundance and a happy home.【答案】with【解析】考查介词。be associated with为固定搭配，表示“与相关”，故填with。【点拨】几组常见的介词固定搭配1.与名词的搭配at a time每次，一次at a loss困惑，不知所措at first sight乍一看at table在吃饭beyond description无法形容beyond one's reach够不着by accident/chance偶然by mistake错误地by the way顺便说by hand手工地in advance在前头；事先，预先in charge主管，看管in return作为回报in turn依次，转而in shape健康状况良好in the long run从长远来看in trouble处于困境中 in time及时，迟早on purpose故意地on holiday在度假on time准时on average平均on the contrary相反地out of breath/balance/date/control 上气不接下气/失去平衡/过时/失去控制to one's surprise/astonishment令某人惊奇/吃惊的是under construction/consideration/discussion在建设/考虑/讨论中at the cost of以为代价in honour of为了纪念；为了表示敬意in memory of为纪念(对已逝的人)in place of代替in support/favor of支持，支援in addition to除之外in terms/view of鉴于，根据for the sake of为了for the purpose of为了的目的for the benefit of为了的利益on account of由于on behalf of代表on the way to在去的路上on the basis of以为基础by means of借助于the reason for的原因the approach to的方法a visit to到的访问the/a lack of缺乏2与动词的搭配answer for对负责apply for申请call at拜访(地点)date from/back to追溯到keep/prevent/stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做protect.from保护不受伤害result from由于suffer from遭受approve of赞成complain of抱怨consist of.由组成dream of梦到think of想起；考虑到call on拜访(某人)depend/rely on依靠result in/lead to导致succeed in在方面成功belong to属于refer to谈到；涉及；查阅3与形容词的搭配be ashamed of对感到羞耻be aware of知晓；意识到be proud of以为荣be sure of对有信心；确信be tired of厌倦be angry with sb.与某人生气be familiar with sth.熟悉be familiar to sb.为某人所熟悉be patient with对有耐心be pleased/satisfied with对满意be popular with sb.受某人欢迎be strict with sb.对某人严格be addicted to对上瘾；沉溺于be available to对可用；可供使用be beneficial to对有益处be devoted to致力于，献身于be similar to与相似be confident in对有信心be eager for渴望be absent from缺席be anxious about/for忧虑，担心be crazy about热衷；着迷be curious about对好奇be particular about挑剔be suitable for/to适合于4其他搭配after all毕竟，终究ahead of (时间，空间)在前面；领先far from远非once in a while偶尔up to达到；由决定in spite of尽管；虽然一、单句语法填空1_ summary, I think the movie is moving, interesting, and worth spending time on.2As is well known, Dragon Boat Festival and the custom of eating rice dumplings are unique _ us Chinese.3So far we have done a lot to build a low­carbon economy, but it is far _ satisfactory.4Our product is popular abroad.There is practically no other product superior _ ours in quality.5When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students grow, they are happy _ words.6Most English teachers maintain a young and gentle heart and appear younger than teachers _ their own age.7The key _ successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.8Butterflies feed _ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.9I don't know if this sounds bad, but why do Asian actresses always look more beautiful _ the dress than the models?10Her old parents watched Mary until she disappeared from sight _ the distance.11. We should talk about the things _ the children's understanding in a simple way.12.You should fly your kite _ the wind，or it cannot fly high.13. In some cases, different approaches _ the same scientific problem lead to conflicting theories.14._ that special night, all the Senior 3 students stood in the corridors(走廊) and looked down at the younger students below.15. Many local residents welcome the shared bikes _ the flexibility and freedom they offer.16. Calligraphy, _ a mirror, is a silent reflection of the soul.17. During my first year in China, I spent the summer holiday _ my family at the seaside in Beidaihe.18. The English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different _ the modern English we speak today.19. Plastic waste and algae on the water give off a smell very similar _ the krill(磷虾) that many sea birds feed on.20. The words of the poems were full _ encouragement and positive energy, and showed an uncommon openmindedness among women at that time.21. The Great Wall stretches _ Dandong in the east to Lop Nur in the west, along the southern edge of Inner Mongolia.22. The country's industrial economy has maintained steady and sound growth thanks _ the Made in China 2025 strategy.23. We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea, _ more than 160 million cups drunk every day.24. The WaterSplashing Festival is also a cultural bridge _ Xishuangbanna and Southeast Asian countries that share the same festival culture of watersplashing.25. _ Monday she gave each student his or her list.26. In this fastchanging and competitive world, many people are _ heavy pressure.27. She says it's important to wake up _ the same time every day.28. As we all know, Hangzhou, a beautiful city, won the bid _ September 16th, 2015.二、语法填空There are many festivals in Guizhou Province. One of them is Dong New Year, 1._ falls in the eleventh lunar month after the harvest. In some villages, the festival 2._ (take) place in the tenth month. Dong New Year is as 3._(importance) as the Spring Festival. In the days 4._(lead) up to the New Year, the Dong people make new clothes, clean their houses, and make rice cakes. 5._ the eve of the New Year, they prepare“cold dish”with bean curd and homemade vinegar. It 6._ (give) as an offering to one's ancestors. Dong New Year is 7._(usual) celebrated in many Dong villages in the area of Rongjiang in Guizhou Province. The exact date varies but falls during the period late October to early November. Public 8._(celebration) include the Lusheng Festival and water buffalo fighting.Another one, Miao Sisters Festival, is celebrated from the 15th to the 17th day of the third lunar month calendar, when 9._(marry) women make a return to the homes of their mothers. At home, they prepare and eat 10._ special kind of food, black rice cake. When they return to their own homes, they bring with them some of it and give it to their husbands as gifts.【答案】in【解析】考査固定短语。in summary“总的来说，概括起来”，符合句意。【答案】to【解析】unique“独一无二的，仅有的”；be unique to“是特有的”，为固定搭配。【答案】from【解析】far from表示否定含义，意为“绝非，远不”。【答案】to【解析】superior意为 “更好的，更有效的”，通常与to搭配表示比较含义。be superior to sth.意为“胜过，超过，比好”。【答案】beyond【解析】beyond 意为“超出，超过”，beyond words 意为 “无法用言语表达”。【答案】of【解析】此处of与age构成固定搭配，teachers of their own age意为“与他们同龄的老师”。【答案】to【解析】key作“关键，要决” 讲，与介词to搭配使用。【答案】on【解析】feed on“以为食”。【答案】in【解析】in为介词，后接服饰名词时，意为“穿着，戴着”。【答案】in【解析】in the distance“在远处，从远处”。【答案】beyond【解析】句意：我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。beyond“超出之外，非所能及”。【答案】against【解析】句意：你应该逆着风放风筝，否则它飞不高。against“逆，与相反”，符合语境，属于against的常见用法。【答案】to/towards【解析】approach to/towards“的方法”，是固定搭配。句意：在一些情形下，对同一个科学难题进行研究所采用的方法不同，就会得出互相矛盾的结论。【答案】On【解析】句意：在那个特殊的晚上，所有高三年级的学生站在走廊里低头看着下面低年级的学生。表示“在具体某天的上午、下午或晚上”需用介词on。【答案】for【解析】句意：因共享单车给人们提供的灵活性和自由度，许多当地的居民很欢迎共享单车。设空处表示“原因”，故填介词for。【答案】like【解析】句意：书法，像一面镜子一样，无声地反映灵魂。设空处表示“像”，故填介词like。【答案】with【解析】句意：在中国的第一年，我和我的家人在北戴河的海边度过了暑假。with在此处意为“和”。【答案】from【解析】句意：公元450年到1150年间在英国所说的英语和今天我们所说的现代英语是非常不同的。be different from“与不同”。【答案】to【解析】句意：水面上的塑料废物和海藻释放出一种非常类似于磷虾的气味，许多海鸟以这种磷虾为食。(be) similar to“与相似”。【答案】of【解析】句意：诗歌中的文字充满了鼓励和正能量，并且在那个时代的女性当中展现出了不同寻常的开明的思想。be full of“充满了”。【答案】from【解析】句意：长城沿着内蒙古的南部边界，从东部的丹东一直延伸到了西部的罗布泊。表示“从到”用from.to.结构。【答案】to【解析】句意：多亏了“中国制造2025”战略，国家的工业经济一直保持稳定的、健康的增长。thanks to为固定短语，意为：多亏了，幸亏。【答案】with【解析】句意：我们知道英国人爱喝茶，每天有一亿六千多万杯茶被喝掉。设空处考查with的复合结构(withn./pron.过去分词)作伴随状语。【答案】between【解析】句意：泼水节也是西双版纳与有着相同泼水节节日文化的东南亚国家之间的一座桥梁。根据句意及题干中的and可知设空处填between。between.and.意为：在和之间。【答案】On【解析】句意：在周一，她给每个学生一份清单。表示“在具体某一天”需用介词on。【答案】under【解析】句意：在这个快速变化且充满竞争的世界里，许多人处于沉重的压力下。under pressure为固定短语，意为：在压力之下。【答案】at【解析】句意：她说每天在同一时间醒来很重要。at the same time为固定短语，意为：在同一时间。【答案】on【解析】句意：我们都知道，杭州，一个美丽的城市，在2015年9月16日赢得了举办权。在具体某天前要用介词on。【答案】1. which 2. takes 3.important 4.leading 5.On6.is given 7.usually 8.celebrations 9.married 10.a【解析】1.考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是Dong New Year，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。2. 考查时态。此处描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填takes。3.考查形容词。此处作表语，意为“像春节一样重要”，as.as结构中，使用形容词原级。故填important。4.考查现在分词。lead up to“为做准备”，此处与主语the Dong people 构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词。故填leading。5.考查介词。固定短语：on the eve of“在的前夕”，故填On。6.考查语态。句意：它是作为祭品送给祖先的。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应使用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is given。7.考查副词。此处修饰动词celebrated，应使用副词形式。故填usually。8.考查名词复数。celebration是可数名词，其前没有冠词，且谓语动词是原形，据此可知，此处应使用名词复数。故填celebrations。9.考查形容词。根据下文make a return to the homes of their mothers 可知，此处指“已婚的女人”。married“已婚的”。故填married。10.考查冠词。根据下文kind of可知，此处指“一种特殊的食品”，应使用不定冠词。故填a。