《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题02 阅读理解之说明文（二）（解析版）.doc

专题02 阅读理解之说明文（二）（2020届四川省泸州市高三第三次教学质量诊断）Known as the "Oriental Hawaii," Sanya is considered as one of the best diving resorts(胜地) in the South Pacific Ocean. The followings are the top five places for diving in the city.Wuzhizhou IslandWuzhizhou Island, known as Chin's Maldives, is regarded as the best place in Hainan province for underwater diving. It is one of the few islands in the world without rocks or pebbles, covering an area of 1.48 square kilometers and is in an irregular butterfly shape.Yalong BayThe underwater world atYalong Bay is one of the earliest diving bases in Sanya. It is thought as one of the best scenic spots in China to carry out undersea tourism. Colorful hard coral, tropical fish, and other marine life in the nearby waters also add to the beauty and attraction of the bay.Dadonghai BayDadonghai Bay, with hills on three sides, is a crescent-shaped(新月形的) bay. The area enjoys agreeable weather all year round, with the water temperature keeping about 20 even in winter. Though the water here is not as clear as that in Yalong Bay and Wuzhizhou Island, this diving spot is easier to get to.Xidao IslandXidao Island, also known as Daimao Island, is shaped like a turtle living in the tropical area. The island enjoys pleasant surroundings of sandy beaches, rocky caves, and palm trees. It also takes pride in crystal clear waters with marine life and extensive coral reefs to explore.Fenjiezhou IslandFenjiezhou lsland, a national 5A scenic area, is also called the Sleeping Beauty Island for what it looks like from afar. The island is proud of extremely clean beaches and rich marine ecological resources. It is the only site in the country that allows visitors to dive with dolphins.1What can divers do at the resort of Wuzhizhou Island?APlay with butterflies.BEnjoy diving comfortably.CExplore rocky caves.DDo underwater research.2Which of the following is most suitable for diving throughout the year?AYalong Bay.BDadonghai Bay.CXidao Island.DFenjiezhou Island.3What is unique about Fenjiezhou Island in China?AA national 5A scenic area.BThe Sleeping Beauty Island.CRich marine resources.DDiving with dolphins.【答案】1B2B3D【解析】这是一篇说明文。三亚被誉为“东方夏威夷”，是南太平洋最好的潜水胜地之一。文章主要介绍了三亚市最适合潜水的五个地方。1细节理解题。根据第二段中Wuzhizhou Island, known as Chin's Maldives, is regarded as the best place in Hainan province for underwater diving.可知蜈支洲岛被称为中国的马尔代夫，是海南省最好的水下潜水地。由此可知，在旅游胜地蜈支洲岛，潜水员可以享受舒适的潜水。故选B。2细节理解题。根据第四段中The area enjoys agreeable weather all year round, with the water temperature keeping about 20 even in winter.可知这里一年四季气候宜人，即使在冬天，水温也保持在20左右。由此可知，大东海湾最适合全年潜水。故选B。3细节理解题。根据最后一段中It is the only site in the country that allows visitors to dive with dolphins.可知它是这个国家唯一允许游客和海豚一起潜水的地方。由此可知，分界洲岛独特之处是可以和海豚一起潜水。故选D。（2020届四川省泸州市高三第三次教学质量诊断） Manny Abreu pratices Benjamin Franklin's famous saying. “If you want something done, ask a busy person.”Throughout his four years at Kellenberg Memorial High School in the US. Abreu made community service, an important part of his life. “I don't know where he finds the time to do everything.” said Erin Ronan, Alreu's math teacher. “He is truly a class act.”As an honored student, Abreu, 18, took part in different voluntary activities after school, during weekends and summer holidays. These included helping staff at the public library, doing landscape work at kellenberg, and serving customers at a local restaurant.But faced with a limited number of hours in a day, Abreu left his library job last summer to start working as an emergency medical techniciana role that fits his passion for making a difference in other people's lives.“My appreciation for service has guided me into giving back,” said Abreu, who is setting his sights on becoming a doctor. “It's such a win-win feeling to help someone in need.”St Martin de Porres Marianist School also benefited from Abreu's help. Through his school's Smart Club program, he voluntarily provided homework help and played games with the junior high school students. For all his hard work, Abreu was welcomed into a leadership club that organizes fellow students' volunteer activities.Abreu thanked his parents for inspiring him to do the right thing, saying “they are' the most selfless people I know.” He remembered when he was about 6 years old, and his mother invited a disadvantaged neighborhood boy to have dinner. Upon observing the boy's happiness, Abreu came away with a sense of how he wanted to live his own life “I won't focus on my own desires. I will help as many people as I can,” he said.4What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?ATo introduce the topic.BTo make a brief explanation.CTo share a famous saying.DTo praise Benjamin Franklin.5How did Abreu do voluntary work during his high school?ABy organizing school activities.BBy working as a customer.CBy spending extra time.DBy using special holidays.6What does Abreu think of helping others in need?AIt's challenging.BIt's rewarding.CIt's stressful.DIt's wasteful.7Who influenced Abreu most on his way to being a volunteer?AHis math teacher.BHis fellow students.CHis parents.DHis neighborhood boy.【答案】4A5C6B7C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Manny Abreu 利用自己的空闲时间做了各种各样的很多志愿者工作和社区工作，他通过这些工作和活动不仅帮助了他人，也使得自己的价值得到了体现。4推理判断题。根据第二段中Throughout his four years at Kellenberg Memorial High School in the US. Abreu made community service, an important part of his life.可知他在美国凯伦伯格纪念高中度过了四年时光。Abreu把社区服务作为他生命中重要的一部分。由此可推知，第一段提到的Manny Abreu实践了Benjamin Franklin的名言是为了引出第二段介绍Abreu做社区服务的事情，故第一段的主要目的是介绍主题。故选A。5细节理解题。根据第三段中As an honored student, Abreu, 18, took part in different voluntary activities after school, during weekends and summer holidays.可知作为一名荣誉学生，18岁的Abreu在放学后、周末和暑假期间参加了各种志愿活动。由此可知，Abreu在高中通过花费额外的时间做义工。故选C。6推理判断题。根据第五段“My appreciation for service has guided me into giving back,” said Abreu, who is setting his sights on becoming a doctor. “It's such a win-win feeling to help someone in need.”可知“我对服务的感激引导我回馈社会，” Abreu说，他的目标是成为一名医生。“帮助有需要的人是一种双赢的感觉。”由此可推知，Abreu认为看待帮助需要帮助的人是有益的。故选B。7细节理解题。根据最后一段中Abreu thanked his parents for inspiring him to do the right thing, saying “they are' the most selfless people I know.”可知Abreu感谢他的父母激励他去做正确的事情，他说:“他们是我所知道的最无私的人。”由此可知，在Abreu成为志愿者的路上，他的父母对他的影响最大。故选C。（2020届四川省泸州市高三第三次教学质量诊断）Modern agriculture and its ability to feed billions of people may be among humanitys greatest successes. However, it comes with hidden costs. For example, have you ever considered how much water is needed to provide you with a steak or a salad? It may surprise you.In a recent study published in the journal Nutrients, scientists from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization(CSIRO), Australia's national science organization, took a close look at the diets of 9,341 adult Australiansspecifically, their “water-scarcity footprints(水消耗足迹)”.It turned out that a sweet tooth not only adds to our waistlines(腰围) but also stresses our water resources. The water-scarcity footprint is a widely recognized measurement of water consumption. First, it counts the liters of water you used. Then, it looks at the place where the water was used. The more lacking water is in your area, the larger your water-scarcity footprint.The scientists found that the average Australian's diet had a water-scarcity footprint of 362 liters per day. Snackscookies, cakes and alcoholaccounted for 25 percent of the water-scarcity footprint. The research also included a glass of wine(41 liters), a single serving of potato chips(23 liters), and a small bar of milk chocolate(21 liters).Not surprisingly, cutting out snacks would be the N0.1 priority if you wanted to lower your own water-scarcity footprint.Earth's surface is 70 percent water, but only 2.5 percent of that can be used for drinking or farming. By 2030, a world of about 8.6 billion people will need 35 percent more water, 40 percent more energy, and 50 percent more food, according to the United States National Intelligence Council. So, we need to watch what we eat, not just for our personal health but for the health of our societies.12What did the recent study closely focus on?AModern agriculture.BAverage Australians.CWater resources.DWater-scarcity footprints.13What did scientists from CSIRO find in their study?ASweet teeth lead to thin waistlines.BAustralians' diets are mainly made up of snacks.CThe water-scarcity fooprint is a measurement of saving water.DLacking water in our area means a larger water-scarcity footprint.14What does the underlined part “the N0.1 priority” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?Athe least important thingBthe least impossible thingCsomething to be done firstDsomething to be prevented first15What does the last paragraph intend to tell us?ATake care of our diets.BProtect our drinking water.CMake good use of energy.DProduce more healthy food.【答案】12D13D14C15A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了现代农业虽然养活数十亿人，但是它也带来了隐藏的成本。水消耗足迹是一种被广泛认可的衡量水消耗的指标，一项关注于水消耗足迹的研究表明，你所在的地区缺水越严重，你的水消耗足迹就越大。且饼干、蛋糕和酒精等零食造成了25%的水消耗足迹。因此我们应该注意我们的饮食。12细节理解题。根据第二段In a recent study published in the journal Nutrients, scientists from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization(CSIRO), Australia's national science organization, took a close look at the diets of 9,341 adult Australiansspecifically, their “water-scarcity footprints(水消耗足迹)”.可知澳大利亚国家科学组织联邦科学与工业研究组织的科学家最近在营养杂志上发表了一项研究，他们仔细研究了9341名澳大利亚成年人的饮食特别是他们的“水消耗足迹”。由此可知，最近的研究关注的是水消耗足迹。故选D。13细节理解题。根据第三段中The more lacking water is in your area, the larger your water-scarcity footprint.可知你所在的地区缺水越严重，你的水消耗足迹就越大。由此可知，CSIRO的科学家在他们的研究中发现了所在地区缺水意味着更大的水消耗足迹。故选D。14词义猜测题。根据第四段中Snackscookies, cakes and alcoholaccounted for 25 percent of the water-scarcity footprint. The research also included a glass of wine(41 liters), a single serving of potato chips(23 liters), and a small bar of milk chocolate(21 liters).可知饼干、蛋糕和酒精等零食造成了25%的缺水足迹。研究还包括一杯葡萄酒（41升），一份薯片（23升）和一小块牛奶巧克力（21升）。由此可知，如果你想降低自己的水消耗足迹，减少零食将是首先要做的事情。故划线短语“the N0.1 priority”意思为“首先要做的事情”。故选C。15推理判断题。根据最后一段中So, we need to watch what we eat, not just for our personal health but for the health of our societies.可知所以，我们需要注意我们吃什么，不仅是为了我们个人的健康，也是为了我们整个社会的健康。由此可推知，最后一段想告诉我们注意我们的饮食。故选A。（2020届安徽省淮南市高三第二次模拟）Road networks are expanding worldwide at an alarming rate. Although roads can promote economic development and improve human welfare, they can also have severe effects on wildlife populations by worsening habitat and human disturbance. Moreover, traffic disturbance from noise, lights, and motion reduces the quality of habitat near roads.While roads are now everywhere across much of the earth, the construction of new roads will be concentrated in areas with high biodiversity value. Many of these new roads and highways will likely cross reserves or other highly biodiverse areas. Although roads are one of the most important impacts on global ecosystems, we know little about how patterns in road construction will affect biodiversity in the coming decades.Here, we use a recently developed global roads data set to investigate the extent and potential influence of road networks across the 1,160,000-km,13-country range of the globally endangered tiger. In the Russian Far East, for example, roads reduce tiger survival rates due to crashes into vehicles. In some regions, tigers avoid areas closer to public roads, suggesting that roads act as important barriers to movement. The emerging impacts of road development on tigers are critical for several reasons.We calculate road density (度), distance to the nearest road, and relative mean species abundance (MSA) to characterize how road networks influence tiger habitats. These systems of measurement provide starting points for range-wide monitoring and impact assessments of road development projects, thus enabling evaluation of progress toward country-level conservation and sustainable (可持续的) development goals.8What is the second paragraph mainly about?AThe importance of creating reserves.BThe destruction to global ecosystems.CThe effect on biodiversity worldwide.DThe opinion about road construction.9Why is road development attacked?AIt has bad influence on tigers.BIt causes more traffic accidents.CIt covers too many areas.DIt requires a quantity of funds.10How does the author feel about the systems of measurement?AOptimistic.BDoubtful.CConcerned.DAstonished.11In which section of a website may the text appear?AEntertainment.BHealth.CEducation.DScience.【答案】8C9A10A11D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述通过对道路数据的研究发现，道路的发展会对野生动物的多样性造成严重影响，因为它会给它们的栖息地带来人为的干扰。8主旨大意题。根据第二段的主要内容，尤其是Although roads are one of the most important impacts on global ecosystems, we know little about how patterns in road construction will affect biodiversity in the coming decades.(虽然道路对全球生态系统最重要的影响之一，但是我们对道路建设模式在未来几十年将如何影响生物多样性知之甚少)可知，本段主要讲述了道路建设对生物多样的影响。C. The effect on biodiversity worldwide.(对全球生物多样性的影响)符合以上说法，故选C项。9细节理解题。根据第三段的In the Russian Far East, for example, roads reduce tiger survival rates due to crashes into vehicles. In some regions, tigers avoid areas closer to public roads, suggesting that roads act as important barriers to movement. The emerging impacts of road development on tigers are critical for several reasons.(例如，在俄罗斯远东地区，因为撞到车辆，道路降低了老虎的存活率。在一些地区，老虎会避开离公里更近的地方，这表明，道路是老虎行动的主要障碍。因为一些原因，道路的发展对老虎的影响非常大。)可知，道路的发展受到抨击是因为对濒临灭绝的老虎产生了不良影响。A. It has bad influence on tigers.(它对老虎有不好的影响)符合以上说法，故选A项。10推理判断题。根据最后一段的These systems of measurement provide starting points for range-wide monitoring and impact assessments of road development projects, thus enabling evaluation of progress toward country-level conservation and sustainable (可持续的) development goals.(这些测量系统为大范围的监测提供了起点以及道路发展项目影响的评价，从而可以评估国家级保护区的进展和可持续发展的目标)可推测，作者对该监测系统持乐观态度。A. Optimistic.(乐观的)符合以上说法，故选A项。11推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第三段的Here, we use a recently developed global roads data set to investigate the extent and potential influence of road networks across the 1,160,000-km,13-country range of the globally endangered tiger. (在此，我们使用最近开发的全球道路数据来调查遍布13国家、长达160万公里道路网络的范围以及对濒临灭绝的老虎的潜在影响)可知，本文是一项基于对全球道路网络数据研究结果的报告。研究和科学相关，由此推测本文很有可能出现在一个网站的科学板块。D. Science.(科学)符合以上说法，故选D项。（2020届安徽省淮南市高三第二次模拟）Over the past decade, drug-resistant diseases have appeared as a major health threat. But where do they develop the drug resistance? One surprising theory: they may have developed the resistance on farms, and not in hospitals.The crop protection products farmers use to control many plant diseases are almost the same as the drugs doctors use to treat infections, including fungi (真菌). Fungi are continually mutating (变异), and with a life cycle measured in days or weeks, they mutate quickly. When a mutation produces resistance to a chemical-killing fungi, fungi will jump to any host that provides a welcoming environment, such as