《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》专题03 阅读理解Ⅰ：主旨大意题（测）（原卷版）.doc

2020届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【测案】专题3 主旨大意班级 姓名 学号 分数_1.B【安徽省“皖豫联盟体”2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次大联考】Imagine someone who has spent the majority of their life sitting with a sign on the side of the road and that very person giving someone their last 20 dollars. Thats exactly what Marine Corps veteran (退伍军人) Johnny Bobbitt, 34, did in October in Philadelphia.Bobbitt served in the U.S. Marine Corps and worked as a paramedic (医务辅助人员) in Vance County, N. C. before he became homeless. Nobody knew how he got to where he was because he was discreet about that.One night in October, Bobbitt was sitting roadside with a sign in Philadelphia as usual, when Kate McClure of Florence Township, N. J. was driving home down Interstate 95 and ran out of gas. Scared and nervous, she got out of the car to head to the nearest gas station. As McClure was heading to the nearest gas station, she ran into Bobbitt and he told her to get back in the vehicle and lock the door. Minutes later, he appeared with a red gas can. Hed used his last $20 to buy her gas.After that unexpected meeting, McClure and her boyfriend, Mark DAmico, who both live in New Jersey, visited Bobbitt several times to deliver gift cards, cash, snacks and toiletries. They then decided to create a fund raising page so he wouldnt have to spend the holidays sleeping on the street.McClure started the GoFundMe page on November 10. With the page, the couple hoped to raise $10,000, enough money for his rent, a reliable vehicle and up to six months expenses. Bobbitts story ran in a local paper. By November 15，more than 10,000 local people had made donations through the GoFundMe page and more than $300,000 had been raised.On Thanksgiving, Bobbitt was resting in a hotel, his feet up on the bed, drawing up a grand plan for his new life, thanks to several thousand dollars raised to repay him for a good deed.4. What does the underlined word “discreet” in paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. Doubtful.B. Cautious.C. Guilty.D. Optimistic.5. McClure met Bobbitt when she .A. couldnt find a gas stationB. got to the way homeC. couldnt unlock her carD. was in search of gas6. It can be known from the text that .A. Bobbitts story obtained wide attentionB. Bobbitt became world-famous overnightC. the GoFundMe page collected over $400,000 for BobbittD. the GoFundMe page was started to help people like Bobbitt7. What is the best title for the text?A. A Homeless Veteran Paid Kindness ForwardB. A Homeless Veteran Had a Generous HeartC. A Homeless Veterans Kindness Paid OffD. A Small Kindness Made a Big Difference2. C【湖北省鄂州市颚南高中2019-2020学年高三10月联考】When we meet someone for the first time, we usually get a vague sense of what kind of person they are by the way they shake hands, talk, or walk. In the age of social networking, however, first impressions are sometimes made even before we actually meet someone in person-that is, by looking at their profile photo.According to a recent study, these social images say a lot about our personality. In the study, presented in a paper at the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, a group of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania in the US used software to analyze the profile pictures of 66,000 users of US social platform Twitter and 3,200 of their tweets. At the same time, about 434 participants were asked to complete a survey about their personality type. The researchers wanted to find out if there was a connection between personality traitslike openness, extroversion, and neuroticism(神经质)and a persons profile picture.According to the results, open people are more likely to pose in an unusual way and use objects such as glasses or a guitar in their profile photo because they enjoy new and exciting experiences. Meanwhile, neurotic people often hold back their negative emotions. They try to avoid showing their face；Instead, they use an image of something like a pet, a car or a building.Apart from the objects in profile pictures, the colors used in them also give us some hints about the photos owner. For example, extraverts were found to have the most colorful profile images, as they want to emphasize their personality and show themselves off, the researchers wrote.Although social media photos “usually represent an extension of ones self, they also allow a user to shape his or her own personality and idealized view,” according to the researchers. So, when choosing a profile photo, maybe we should ask ourselves first what kind of image wed like to convey. After all, first impressions always last.28. What helps form the first impressions with the development of network?A. Shaking handsB. GreetingsC. Profile picturesD. Gestures29. Whats the purpose of the study?A. To analyze the users preference.B. To conduct a survey about personality type.C. To explore the formation of first impression.D. To seek out the link between characters and profile photos.30. According to the study, an outgoing person may.A. choose a puppy dog as an imageB. share a distinct pose in his photoC. fill his profile photo with light colorsD. care little about his image31. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Mindful of Your PersonalityB. Make Use of Your Social ImageC. First Impressions Make a DifferenceD. Profile Photos Reveal Your Personality3. C【河南省九师联盟2019-2020学年高三10月质量检测】It seems we're always being told to get more sleep. Studies suggest spending less time on sleep can lead to obesity(肥胖) and even cancer. You might even find yourself with a head full of false memories. But rarely does science explore the dark side of sleeping too much. That's because few of us in today's busy world have the luck of exploring that option.In an August 2018 study, published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, researchers researched the sleep patterns of those“fortunate”few and found they may not be so lucky after all. In fact, they found people who get more than eight hours of sleep have greater health risk compared to those who sleep together less than seven hours. What's more, sleep-aholics-those who manage to get 10 hours a night-stand a 30 percent higher chance of dying compared to the seven-hour crowd.The wide-ranging global study involved(涉及) more than three million people who self-reported on their sleep habits and came to an eye-opening conclusion: If you tend to sleep a lot, you may want to buy an alarm clock. As with all things in life, sleep is best taken in moderation（适度）.You may be thinking: What if I only sleep in on Saturday and Sunday, am I still at risk? The answer is yes, according to a 2019 study published in Current Biology. Researchers discovered that even if a person sleeps more than seven hours on the weekends but still sleeps less than that on weeknights, they are at risk of gaining weight and developing sensitivity to insulin, which controls the level of sugar in blood.For the study, 36 participants were divided into three groups that each had a different sleep schedule: nine hours every night, five hours every night, and five hours from Monday to Friday and sleeping much on weekends. People who get too much sleep tend to feel tired and lack energy. Also, both sleep-deprived（睡眠不足的) groups consume more food and gain weight.8. Why is the harmful effect of sleeping too much seldom studied?A. Few people have time to sleep too much.B. Lack of sleep causes much more harm.C. It turns out to be a healthy sleep pattern.D. People's health has nothing to do with it.9. What does the underlined words "those 'fortunate' few" in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Those leading a relaxing life.B. Those getting too much sleep.C. Those with less time to sleep.D. Those with no sleep problems.10. What can be learned from the 2019 study?A. Sleeping much is particularly beneficial to hungry people.B. Many people sleep more on weekends than on weekdays.C. An alarm clock of high quality is important for good sleep.D. People who sleep much only on weekends also have health risk.11. What is the main idea of the text?A It is necessary to save enough time for sleep.B. Too much sleep can result in gaining weight.C. Sleeping too much does harm to people's health.D People can avoid sleeping much by eating healthily.4. B【重庆市巴蜀中学2019-2020学年高三“一诊”模拟测试】Darrell Blatchley, a marine biologist and environmentalist based in the Philippine city of Davao, received a call from the Philippines, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (渔业与水产资源局) early Friday morning reporting a death of a young whale.When the necropsy (尸检) was performed, Blatchley told NPR, he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whales stomach. “It was full of plastic nothing but nonstop plastic.” he said “It was filled to the point that its stomach was as hard as a baseball.” That means that this animal has been suffering not for days or weeks but for months or even a year or more,” Blatchley added.Blatchley is the founder and owner of the DBone Collector Museum, a natural history museum in Davao. In the coming days, the museum will display all the items found in the whales system. Blatchley and his team work with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and other organizations to assist in rescue and recovery of marine animals.“Within the last 10 years, we have recovered 61 whales and dolphins just within the Davao Gulf,” he said. “Of them, 57 have died due to man whether they took plastic or fishing nets or other waste, or gotten caught in pollution and four were pregnant.”Blatchley said he hoped that the latest incident would launch the issue of plastic pollution in the Philippines and across the globe. “If we keep going this way, it will be more uncommon to see an animal die of natural causes than it is to see an animal die of plastic,” he said.4. What can he inferred from the second paragraph?A. The whale was starved to death.B. Blatchley was shocked at what he found.C. The dead whale must have swallowed a baseball.D. Blatchley didnt make preparations for the necropsy.5. What will be shown in the DBone Collector Museum?A. Waste collected from the ocean.B. The whole system of the whale.C. Things found in the whales body.D. Many different tools of whaling.6. What does Blatchley think of plastic pollution in the Philippines?A. Uncommon.B. Worrying.C. Inspiring.D. Mild.7. What is the best title for the text?A. A Whale Found Dead of PlasticB. Stand Up for Protecting WhalesC. Plastic Threatening Our ExistenceD. Natural Death or Merciless Murder5. B【2019年浙江省十校联盟高三10月联考】When people are rude to their co-workers or treat them badly, they probably dont realize the unintended victims in the encounter could be the co-workers, children. Women who experience incivility in the workplace are more likely to engage in stricter, more authoritarian parenting practices that can have a negative impact on their children, according to the research presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association.“These findings reveal some previously undocumented ways that women, in particular, suffer as a result of workplace aggression,” said researcher Angela Dionisi, PhD, of Carleton University. This research also speaks to a previously unacknowledged group of indirect incivility victims, namely children.Workplace incivility is any behavior that is disrespectful, impolite or otherwise goes against workplace standards of respect, according to coauthor Kathryne Dupre, PhD, of Carleton University. “We now know that the outcomes of workplace incivility are vast and negative,” said Dupre. Survey results showed that incivility in the workplace was associated with mothers feeling less effective as parents, which could help explain the increased need to engage in strict, controlling parenting behavior, said Dupre.Authoritarian parents have high expectations from their children, with rules that they expect their children to follow unconditionally. At the same time, though, they provide very little in the way of feedback and severely punish any mistake, said Dupre. They tend to have lots of regulations and micromanage almost every aspect of their childrens lives, valuing discipline over fun.“Research suggests that authoritarian parenting is more of a negative style of parenting as compared to other parenting styles. This style of parenting has been associated with a variety of negative child outcomes, including exhibiting aggressive behavior outside the home, being fearful or overly shy around others, having difficulty in social situations due to a lack of social competence,” she said.4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “incivility” in Paragraph 1?A. Rudeness.B. Panic.C. Violence.D. Argument.5. Which of the following is NOT a feature of authoritarian parents?A. They tend to be too strict with their children.B. They set high standards for their children to reach.C. They want to keep their childrens life under control.D. They attach equal importance to discipline and fun.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The cause of more authoritarian parents.B. The harm of workplace incivility to children.C. The different styles of parenting practices.D. The effects of high expectations from children.6. C【四川省遂宁市2019-2020学年高三上学期第三次联考】If American waterways had ever been voted on the yearbook，the Buffalo River could easily have been named Ugliest.It could be hard to find hope there.It took decades for public perception of the river to shift.But activist citizens，who collaborated with industry，government，and environment groups never gave up on their polluted riverthe Buffalo River gradually went from being considered a lost cause to a place worth fighting for.And by now the cleanedup water is one of BuffaloS biggest attractions.By the 1960s，the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes.The Buffalo River had caught fire many times.The surface had an oily layer，and any fish caught there were not eatable.The waterways fate started shifting in the mid-1960s.Stanley Spisiak was a local PolishAmerican jeweler by day，but by evening he was the kind of guy whod chase down dumpers(垃圾车)he spotted on the Buffalo River.By 1966 he found himself winning the National Wildlife Federations“Water Conservationist of the Year”award.And before long he got a nickname:“Mr.Buffalo River.”But there was only so much he could dothe river was still declared biologically dead in 1969.Jill Spisiak Jedlicka is his great-grandniece.She picks up where he left off by directing the rivers protector organization，Buffalo Niagara Waterkeeper.Professor Schneekloth and seven friends founded the organization as an all-volunteer nonprofit in 1989，after organizing the first river clea