期末复习基础知识点 人教版八年级英语上册.docx

人教版 八年级上册 期末复习基础知识点一、 语法疑难语法项目常考易错点例句1.不定代词形容词修饰不定代词时，要后置，作后置定语。不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。I'll tell you something interesting.我要告诉你一些有趣的事情。Everyone is here.大家都在这儿。2. 一般过去时在一般过去时态的句子中，要注意不规则动词过去式的拼写。要牢记一般过去时的时间状语。I went to the cinema yesterday.昨天我去看电影了。He hurt his foot last night.他昨晚伤了脚。3. 频度副词在使用频度副词时，要注意频度副词在句子中的位置：连系动词be/情态动词助动词之后，实义动词之前。而且对频度副词提问要用 how often.He always sits in the front of the classroom.他总是坐在教室的前面。I am never late for school.我上学从不迟到。How often do you play football?你多久踢一次足球？Every afternoon.每天下午。4. 形容词、副词的比较等级than是较级的标志词，than前的形容词或副词要用比较级。比较范围（如：in或of短语）为三者或三者以上时，用最高级。形容词最高级前须加定冠词the.不规则变化的形容词、副词的比较等级要记牢。He is taller than me.他比我高He is the tallest of the three boys. 他是三个男孩中最高的。He plays the piano best.他钢琴弹得最好。5.动词不定式跟动词不定式作宾语的常用动词（如want,decide等）要注意区分某些动词跟动词不定式和动名词所表达的不同意义。如 stop to do sth.与 stop doing sth.的区别。He wants to go with you.他想和你一起走。He was too tired and stopped to have a rest.他太累了，停下来休息了一会。6. 一般将来时要注意一般将来时的谓语构成：be(am/is/are)goingto+动词原形和will/shall+动词原形。一般将来时的时间状语：next month/week/.,in+时间段，tomorrow等。注意 there be结构的一般将来时：There is/are going to he.或 There will be.I am going to have a party.我打算举办个聚会。I'll fly to Shanghai tomorrow.明天我要飞往上海。There will be a meeting next week.下周有个会。There are going to be some new desks in your class-room tomorrow.明天你们的教室里将会有一些新课桌。7. 可数名词与不可数名词注意名词的分类，可数名词有单、复数之分，而不可数名词则没有复数形式。记住名词变复数的规则特殊名词的复数形式。much,(a)little(少的）用于修饰不可数名词；many,（a)few用于修饰可数名词复数；some,any,lots of 既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。There are many sheep on the farm.农场里有许多绵羊。There is little milk in the cup.杯子里几乎没有牛奶。Can you give me some water?你能给我些水吗？8. can 表示邀请can是情态动词，它在表示邀请时，要注意各种回答尤其是肯定回答 Sure/Yes,I'd love to.中的to不可漏掉。Can you come over to my house to have dinner?Yes/Sure,I'd love to.是的当然，我很乐意。Sorry,I'm afraid not.I have to.9. 含有if引导的条件状语在使用含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句时，要注意时态问题，记住：当主句的时态是一般将来时或主句谓语中含有情态动词或主句是祈使句时，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来。I'll help you if you tell me.如果你告诉我，我将会帮助你。If you study hard, you may do better.如果你努力学习，你可能做得更好。二、常考短语1.all kinds of各种类型的；各种各样的 2. as long as 只要；既然3.another time其他时间；别的时间 4.at the beginning of在·····的开始5. at least至少；不少于；起码 6.be different from与·.不同；与······差异7.be able to do sth.能够做某事 8.be similar to与······相像的、类似的9.be ready to 准备好（做某事）；愿意（做某事） 10.be up to是··的职责；由决定11.be sure about确信；对······有把握 12.bring out 使显现；使表现出13.because of 因为 14.do a good job 干得好15.care about关心；在意 16.fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌17.dress up装扮；乔装打扮 18.find out查明；弄清19.feel like给······的感觉；感受到 20.go to the/a doctor 去看医生21.for example 例如 22.hang out 闲逛；常去某处23.grow up 长大；成熟；成长 24.have.in common 有相同特征；（想法、兴趣等方面）相同25.have to do with关于；与······有关系 26.hardly ever 几乎从不27.hear from接到（某人的）信、电话等28.hundreds of 许多；大量 29.help out(帮助······)分担工作、解决难题30.in half分成两半 31.in fact确切地说；事实上；实际上32.less than少于 33.keep.to oneself保守秘密34.look for寻找；寻求 35.look after 照料；照顾36.make sure确保；查明 37.look forward to 盼望；期待38.make up 编造（故事、谎言等） 39.make the soccer team 成为足球队的一员40.of course 当然；自然 41.more than 多于42.play a part参与；发挥作用 43.over and over again 多次；反复地44.play a role 发挥作用；有影响 45.prepare for为······做准备46.quite a few 相当多；不少47.so far到目前为止；迄今为止 48.such as例如；像······这样49.take.seriously认真对待·. 50.take a trip 去旅行51.take sb.'s place 代替；替换 52.take up(尤指为消遣）学着做；开始做53.the same as和······相同；与······一致 54.turn down 调低，拒绝55.turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 56.write down写下；记录下三 用法1. want to do sth.想要做某事2.be going to+动词原形 打算做某事3.practice doing sth.练习做某事4.keep on doing sth.继续做某事5. learn to do sth.学会做某事6.finish doing sth.做完某事7.promise to do sth.许诺做某事8.help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事9.remember to do sth.记得做某事10. agree to do sth.同意做某事11.love to do sth.爱做某事12.be able to do sth.能够做某事13 take up doing sth 开始做某事14.will+动词原形 将要做··.15.fewer/more+可数名词复数 更少更多·····16.less/more+不可数名词 更少更多··.17.try to do sth.尽力做某事18.have to do sth.不得不做某事19.agree with sb.同意某人的意见20.such+名词（词组）如此······21.play a part in doing sth.参与做某事22.make sb.do sth.让某人做某事23.help sb.with sth.在某方面帮助某人24.There will be+主语 将会有··25.There is/are+sb./sth.+doing sth.有某人某物正在做某事。26.It is+形容词for sb.+to do sth.做某事对某人来说是······的。27.how many+可数名词复数 多少28.how much+不可数名词多少29.let sb.do sth.让某人做某事30.want to do sth.想要做某事31.forget to do sth.忘记做某事（未做）32.how to do sth.如何做某事33.There are many reasons for.有许多理由。34一段时间ago······以前35.by+doing sth.通过做某事36.need to do sth.需要做某事37.make+宾语形容词使······怎样38. It's time (for sb.)+ to do sth.到（某人）做某事的时间了。39.First. Next. Then.Finally.首先··接下来，然后······，最后·40.invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事41.Thanks for doing sth.感谢做某事。42.would love/like to do sth.愿意做某事43.what引导的感叹句结构；Whatta/an+形容词可数名词单数（主语谓语）！What形容词可数名词复数不可数名词（主语谓语）！44.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事45.be sad/glad to do sth.做某事很悲伤高兴46.see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事47.the best way to do sth.做某事最好的方式48.have a surprise party for sb.为某人举办一个惊喜聚会49.look forward to doing sth.期盼做某事50.reply to sth./sb.答复某事某人51. What's today?今天是什么日子？What's the date today?今天是几月几日？What day is it today?今天是星期几？52. .ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事53.give sb.sth.给某人某物54.tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事55.too.to do sth.太······而不能做某事56.be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事57. advise sb.to do sth.劝告某人做某事58.It's best (not)to do sth. 最好（不）做某事。59.need to do sth.需要做某事60.be halfway to doing sth.完成某事的一半部分61.one of+可数名词复数62.without doing sth.没有做某事四、常考句型1.固定句型 It's adj. for/of sb.to do sth.It's adj. for sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说，做某事是······的”，其中作表语的形容词为描述事物特征的词，如difficult, easy, possible 等；It's adj. of sb.to do sth.意为“某人做某事是······的”，作表语的形容词为描述人物品质或性格特征的词，如kind, nice, clever等。It's dangerous for you to play with fire.你玩火是危险的。It's clever of you to come up with such a good idea.你能提出这么好的一个主意，真聪明。2.how often引导的特殊疑问句及其答语how often意为“多久一次”，用来对频率提问。其答语通常是频度副词always(总是），usually(通常），often(经常），sometimes(有时），never(从不）或once a week(每周一次），every day(每天）等表示频度的词或短语How often do you exercise?你多久锻炼一次？Twice a day.每天两次。3.由than构成的比较级的句子I'm more outgoing than my sister.我比我姐姐外向。4.as.as 构成的同级比较的句子Tom is as tall as Jack.汤姆和杰克一样高。They work as hard as you.他们和你们一样努力工作。5.有比较范围（in/of)的最高级句子Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students.汤姆在他的班里所有学生当中是最高的。6.含有比较等级的特殊句型The weather gets hotter and hotter.天气变得越来越热了。He is one of the most hard-working boys in our class.他是我们班最勤奋的男孩之一。7.含有“疑问词动词不定式”结构的句子They are talking about when to have a party.他们正在谈论什么时候举行聚会。8.表示“看法”的句型What do you think of the movie?你认为这部电影怎么样？I don't mind it./I can't stand it./I love watching it.我不介意。我忍受不了它。我喜欢看它。I think you'll have a great time.我认为你将会玩得很开心。I don't think he will go to the party.我认为他不会去参加聚会。9.含有“want to be+名词”结构的句子，表示“想成为··.”What do you want to be when you grow up?你长大了想做什么？I want to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。10.there be句型的一般将来时There will be more trees in the park.公园里将会有更多的树。11.There is/are+sb./sth.+doing sth.表示“有某人某物正在做某事”。There is a boy cleaning the classroom.有一个男孩正在打扫教室。There are some people dancing on the square.广场上有些人正在跳舞。12.how many/much引导的特殊疑问句how many 用于提问可数名词的数量；how much用于提问物品的价格或不可数名词的数量。How many people are there in your family?你们家有几口人？How much milk is there in the bottle?瓶子里有多少牛奶？How much is the coat?这件外套多少钱？Fifty dollars.50美元。13.Can you.?表示邀请Can you come to my birthday party?你们能来参加我的生日聚会吗？Sure, I'd love to.当然，我很乐意去。Sorry, I am afraid not. I have to look after my sister.对不起，我恐怕不能去。我得照顾我妹妹。14.if引导的条件状语从句If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.如果你去参加聚会，你将会玩得很开心。15.How do you like.?表示“你认为······怎么样？”，相当于 What do you think of.?How do you like the song Fairy Tale?你认为传奇这首歌怎么样？It is one of my favourite songs.它是我最喜欢的歌曲之一。16.用how来提问交通方式的句子How do you go to work every day?你每天怎样去上班？By bus.坐公共汽车。17.what和how引导的感叹句what引导的感叹句的结构是：What+a/an+形容词可数名词单数（主语谓语）！What+形容词可数名词可数名词复数（主语谓语）！What a beautiful butterfly it is!多漂亮的一只蝴蝶啊！how引导的感叹句的结构是：How+形容词副词（主语谓语）！How beautiful the butterfly is!这只蝴蝶真漂亮啊！7