Unit 19 词汇 短语 句型 练习 高考英语一轮基础知识复习北师大版选修七.doc

高考英语一轮基础知识复习（词汇+句型+语法）（北师大版 选修七 unit 19） 1.absence n.缺乏,不存在;缺席However,learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.然而,作为一门外语,学习英语没有母语环境是很难的。知识延伸in the absence of缺乏时,当不在时absence of mind精神不集中,心不在焉 absence from缺席absent adj.缺席的;缺乏的,不存在的v.缺席,不参加 be absent (from)缺席()知识运用The children decorated the house beautifully to celebrate their grandmothers birthday the absence of their mother. The company will be in the charge of Bush during his fathers (absent). Now all that was needed were the parents,but they were (absence). 主持人没有解释主席为什么缺席了那次重要会议。  2.surround vt.环绕,围绕;包围;与紧密相关Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language,you need to be surrounded by it.根据有些受人推崇的语言习得理论,学外语要达到一种高水平的流利程度和准确度,你需要置身于这种语言之中。知识延伸surround sb/sth包围某人/物 surround sb/sth with sb/sth使某人/物包围某人/物be surrounded by/with sb/sth被某人/物所包围surroundings n.环境 知识运用Now we live in a world (surround) by the “cant do” attitudes.And dont forget:we are (surround) by a natural playground just perfect for walking,caving,climbing and cycling.作为一位经验丰富且受欢迎的老师,周老师下课后总是被学生包围着,向他咨询一些问题。 As an experienced and popular teacher,Mr.Zhou is always his students after class,who consult him about some problems. 3.guarantee vt.保证,担保;提供保修单;确保 n.保证书;担保;抵押品Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English.在读前了解主要的故事会确保用英语阅读时更透彻地理解。知识延伸guarantee sb sth向某人担保某事guarantee to do sth保证做某事 be guaranteed to do sth肯定会/必定会做某事guarantee+that从句 保证 guarantee sth against.保障某物免受under guarantee在保修期内 no guarantee of不是的保证知识运用Buy all these books,and I guarantee youll like each of them. This complete but brief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old,and guaranteed (present) even the biggest history lover with something new! 尽管昆士兰铁路尽一切努力确保火车按计划运行,但却不能保证火车之间或火车服务与公共汽车服务之间的连接。While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled,there can be connections between trains or between train services and bus services. 我保证我能把这些杰作背后的深刻意义生动地描述给参观者。I a vivid description of the profound meaning behind those masterpieces to the visitors. 4.adjust vt.调节;调整vi.适应;习惯Watching a favourite DVD,but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well.观看你最喜爱的一张光盘,但要把你熟悉的部分语言调换成英语。知识延伸adjust sth调节adjust to适应 adjust (sth/oneself) to (doing) sth使(某物/某人自己)适应(做)某事adjustable adj.可调整的;可调节的adjustment n.调整;调节;(思想、行为的)适应 make an adjustment做出调整知识运用Adjusting an upright position was quite a challenge,especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy (adjust),high status has just the opposite effect on us.习惯了住在乡下的我父母住公寓难以适应。My parents who were used to living in the countryside had trouble in an apartment. 5.inform v.告知,通知;了解,熟悉Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well.把你的目标告诉朋友,这样他们能帮忙激励你。知识延伸inform sb of sth通知某人某事inform sb that/what/when/how.通知某人(inform 的宾语通常只能是人,所以当后面接从句时,从句前的sb不能省略)informed adj.有学问的,有见识的 keep sb informed随时向某人报告情况,让某人了解知识运用I made it a habit to inform visitors the system that we used. After they started to build the new high-speed railway,they kept the chief engineer (inform) of the progress. 6.unconscious adj.不省人事的,失去知觉的;无意识的,自然流露的;不知不觉的However,body language can be unconscious as well.然而,身体语言也可以是无意识的。知识延伸be (un)conscious of(没有)意识到 knock/beat sb unconscious打昏某人unconsciously adv.不知不觉地,无意地unconsciousness n.昏迷,无知觉状态 conscious adj.感觉到的;知道的知识运用He was,as a matter of fact,very famous then,but he was quite (conscious) of it. Most of the time she was lost in thought,and was quite unconscious her surroundings. 这儿的人们大量砍伐树木,没有意识到环境保护的重要性。People here cut down a lot of trees, the importance of environmental protection. 7.resemble vt.像;与相似(相当于look like或be similar to)They might also cross their arms and move in an abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human.他们也可能交叉手臂,走起路来很笨拙,更像机器人而不是人类。知识延伸resemble sb/sth与某人/某物相似 resemble sb/sth in.在方面与某人/某物相似resemblance n.相似 知识运用Son Austin,now a 10th-grader,didnt see the point of building a library that (resemble) a mailbox. What happens in the film bears little (resemble) to what actually happened. 她在相貌上和她姐姐很像,但性格不像。She resembles her sister . 8.negotiate v.协商;谈判;交涉;达成(协议)You can negotiate the price by using your fingers and even ask questions by using your hands to outline the shapes of things you want.你可以用手指讨价还价,甚至可以用手比画出你想要的东西的形状来问问题知识延伸negotiate with sb about/for sth与某人商议某事/谈判某事negotiate sth with sb通过与某人商议某事处理或解决某事;商订;洽谈negotiator n.协商者,谈判代表negotiable adj.可讨论的,可协商的 negotiation n.协商;谈判under negotiation在商谈中知识运用The young saleswoman regards negotiating prices customers as her special talent. At last the two sides ended the (negotiate) in a friendly and harmonious atmosphere. Weve made a decision that well negotiate the employers about our salary. 上周所提交的合同现在还在商讨中。The contracts submitted last week are now . 9.get ahead 取得成功,获得进步In todays world,being able to speak more than one language,including English,is how you stand out and get ahead当今世界,要想取得令人瞩目的成就,就要会讲一种以上的语言,包括英语。知识延伸ahead of在之前;胜过,超过 get ahead of超过;胜过 go ahead前进,干吧,说吧go ahead with开始,继续 look ahead向前看知识运用只有你真正专心于你所做的事,你才能取得成功。Only when you concentrate on what youre doing can you really with it. 伦敦时间要比纽约时间早五个小时。The time in London is five hours in New York. 你往远处看,便可以看见村庄里的灯光。 in the distance,and you can see the lights of the village. 在金教授的帮助下,我们物理学习正稳步取得进步。With Professor Jins help,we are our physics study steadily. 10.catch on 学会;理解;变得流行Well,Im sure you will catch on really quickly!嗯,我相信你很快就会学会的。知识延伸catch up with赶上 catch on to理解;突然了解catch sb doing sth撞见某人做某事 catch sight of看见catch fire着火 catch ones attention 吸引某人的注意知识运用这一想法很快便流行开来,全英国现在有四十多个聊天椅。(2020·天津卷,完形填空)The idea is quickly.There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. 那名学生被发现在考试中查笔记,受到了惩罚。 his notes in the exam,the student got punished. 他的一个朋友停下来修理自行车,但他们鼓励Mac继续前进,他们很快就会追上他。One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair,but they had encouraged Mac to carry on,and they him soon. 11.on the other hand 另一方面On the other hand,you can also easily show what you dont like by shaking your head.另一方面,你也可以很容易通过摇头来表明你不喜欢。知识延伸on the one hand.,on the other hand.一方面,另一方面知识运用另一方面,如果你问:“你如何看待我们的城市?”他们将有更多的回答自由。 ,if you ask,“What do you think of our city?” They will have more freedom in answering. 另一方面,你可能无法数出自己想过的次数,“我很高兴谈话结束了。它似乎永远持续下去!” ,you probably cant count the times that youve thought,“Im glad that talk is over.It seemed to go on forever!” 一方面,我一直渴望有机会在如此出色的平台上提供服务。 另一方面,我充满活力、热情和朝气,我有能力胜任志愿工作。 ,Ive been longing for a chance to offer service in such a fantastic platform. ,being active,enthusiastic and energetic,I am confident to be competent for the voluntary work. 12.There is no point (in) doing做没有意义Theres no point reading the news in English if youve already watched it in your own language.如果你已经用母语看过这则消息,再用英语来读这则消息是没有意义的。知识延伸There is no point (in) doing表示“做没有意义”。知识运用There is no point (talk)about who is right and who is wrong. 如果我们待在家里,很舒服,还没有必要花钱。If we stay at home,it is comfortable and money. 为遥远的未来担忧是没有用的。 about the far future. 我们一直刻苦训练,并强调团队精神的重要性,所以没有必要担心结果。We have been practicing very hard and we stress the importance of teamwork,so about the result. 13.“It is/was predicted that.”据预测It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早在18世纪人们就预测,有一天英语将成为全球性语言,并且在过去的几十年中它已得到了证明。知识延伸“It is/was predicted that.”表示“据预测”。该结构中that引导的是一个主语从句,前面的it是形式主语。知识运用据预测在不久的将来一种新的能源将会代替石油。 a new energy will replace oil in the near future. 据报道有七名恐怖分子已被警方逮捕。 seven terrorists had been arrested by the police. 14.provided that引导条件状语从句Thirdly,you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance第三,你们说我只要预付款就有折扣。知识延伸句中的provided that为连词,引导条件状语从句,相当于if。知识运用Provided you practice Chinese calligraphy like this,youll get ahead with it soon. 如果露西也受到了邀请,我就来。Ill come Lucy is invited as well. 假如这个周末下雪,我们还去爬山吗? it snows this weekend,shall we still go and climb the hill? 如果我们的目的是分享中国文化,这一不便利就不是问题了。The inconvenience is not a problem our purpose is to share Chinese culture. 参考答案1.inabsenceabsentThe host didnt explain why the president was absent from the important meeting.2.surroundedsurroundedsurrounded by3.thatto presentno guarantee ofguarantee to make4.toadjustmentadjusting to living5.ofinformed6.unconsciousofunconscious of7.resemblesresemblancein appearance but not in character8.withnegotiationwithunder negotiation9.get aheadahead of thatLook aheadgetting ahead with10.catching onCaught referring towould catch up with11.On the other handOn the other handFor one thing;For another12.talkingthere is no need to spend/in spendingThere is no use worryingthere is no need in worrying/to worry13.Its predicted thatIt was reported that14.thaton condition thatSupposing that/Provided thatprovided that