押题精选02 阅读理解说明文-2020年高考英语108所名校押题精选（原卷版）.doc

押题精选02 阅读理解说明文Passage1 SpaceX will soon have a whole fleet of shiny silver Starship prototypes(原型), if all goes according to the plan. Elon Musk gave his annual update about Starship and Super Heavy, the reusable spaceship and rocket, respectively, that the company is building to help colonize Mars. The presentation took place at SpaceX s South Texas site and featured the 165-foot-tall Starship Mkl- the first full-size Starship prototype, whose assembly(组装) was completed just days before Musk's talk.SpaceX aims to launch the stainless-steel Mk1 on an uncrewed, 12- mile- high test flight in the next month or two, Musk said. And a much more ambitious journey should follow in relatively short order. “I mean, this is going to sound totally unrealistic, but I think we want to try to reach orbit in less than six months.” But the Mk1 won't make that milestone flight. That honour will be likely to go to Mk4 or Mk5 Starship version, Musk added.Starship Mk2 is already under construction and should be finished within the next couple of months at most. SpaceX plans to begin building the Mk3 at Boca Chica in about a month, and that prototype will likely be ready to fly about three months from now. The Mk4 will take shape in Florida shortly after that- and it could end up being the first Starship vehicle to circle Earth.Like most of Musk' s plans, these construction schedules are quite ambitious. SpaceX spent a lot of time on the Mk1, after all; construction work on that vehicle goes all the way back to at least December 2018. But the company has learned a lot during the time, so getting a Starship to orbit by the spring of 2020 should be achievable, Must said.The Mk1 and Mk2 Starships are equipped with three of SpaceXs next- generation Raptor engines. Versions starting with Mk3, however, will be powered by six Raptors, just like the final, operational Starship, which Musk has said will be capable of carrying up to 100 passengers.At present SpaceX is building one Raptor every eight to ten days but should pick up the pace obviously in the coming months. The record will skyrocket when SpaceX starts building the Super Heavy, which won't happen until Starship Mk4 is done. The goal is to get to one Raptor per day by early 2020 at the latest.The final Starship could take to the skies very soon, if the testing campaign continues to go well. And Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa has booked a crewed flight around the moon aboard the system, with a target launch date of 2023.12. What can we learn about the Starship Mk1?A. It is an imaginary passenger-carrying vehicle.B. It is an unmanned reusable large spaceship.C. It is a scaled-down version of Super Heavy.D. It is a stainless-steel spaceship under construction.13. How will Mk5 be powered according to the text?A. By three of SpaceX's next generation Raptor engines.B. By four of SpaceX' s next- generation Raptor engines.C. By five of SpaceX's next- generation Raptor engines.D. By six of SpaceX s next- generation Raptor engines.14. Which of the following is true about Mk4 compared with the former Starships?A. It will take up to 100 passengers to space.B. It is the first to make a test flight orbiting Mars.C. It has been under construction for about one year.D. It is expected to go into Earth's orbit before long.15. Why is Yusaku Maezawa mentioned in the last paragraph?A. The project of SpaceX is promising.B. Space exploration has caught on worldwide.C. SpaceX takes the lead in the aerospace field.D. More financial support is desperately needed.Passage2 Solar power is helping bring about a future of cleaner energy, but there are limits to where rigid solar panels (刚性太阳能电池板)can go. A new kind of solar cell made with a mineral called perovskite (钙钛矿)can go almost anywhere, says physicist Olga Malinkiewicz. We can use perovskite cells on the surfaces of the building, on the roofs of the buildings, on the roofs of the cars and on the electronic devices. We can use it on the sails. We can use it in the balls, tents and unlimited applications. Malinkiewicz says perovskite has become a favorite among solar panel researchers. Because it can be printed, everyone can use it on every surface.Malinkiewicz developed a way to print perovskite panels like an inkjet printer. She co-founded a company to produce them, called Soleil Technologies, after the Baltic sun goddess. Construction company Skanska is testing the panels at their Warsaw headquarters. Adam Targowski is sustainable (可持续的)development manager for Skanska. They work perfectly, even when they are not well exposed to sunlight. So we can use them in all surfaces of the building. Soleil calculates that about one square meter of panel can supply a days worth of power for one workers computer and lights. And they keep getting better as research continues, says the companys scientific director Konrad Wojciechowski.For other technologies, it took decades to really enter markets. Perovskite has been around only for few years in scientific research, so there is still a lot to be done, but potential is basically pretty much unlimited, I think. There are still durability and other problems to work out, but several companies expect to have perovskite panels on the market this year.12. What do we know about perovskite solar cell from the first paragraph?A. Its delicate.B. Its complex.C. Its flexible.D. Its expensive.13. What does the underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refer to?A. Skanska and Adam Targowski.B. Malinkiewicz and Skanska.C. Soleil Technologies.D. Perovskite panels.14. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. It needs years to put perovskite panels into markets.B. Scientists think perovskite panels are ready for markets.C. Perovskite has been studied for decades.D. Perovskite panels will soon be seen in the market.15. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain how to use perovskite panels.B. To introduce perovskite panels.C. To advertise a new solar power cell.D. To propose scientists to further study perovskiet cells.Passage 3Wandering the British Museum, you can see some of the finest objects ever created by human hands. But some of our most precious objects are things that were once thrown away. Today, they have become invaluable tools for learning about the past.On display in Room 3, Disposable? exhibits a group of objects: finds from Staple Howe, a settlement sometime between 700 BC and 450 BC. These pot pieces, animal bones, and tools were cast aside when they were no longer useful. Thousands of years later they allow us to study the people who made, used, and threw them away. From Staple Howes rubbish we know that its inhabitants were very resourceful: a broken pot was recycled to make a spindle whorl, and a razor has been heavily sharpened to lengthen its life.The second half of the Disposable? displays the human impact of modem waste in the Pacific Island nations. Single-use products made from plastic are often thrown away poorly. This has led to almost eight million metric tons of plastic entering our oceans every year.A simple yet technically beautiful yellow fishing basket made by Guam artist Guerrero highlights the plastic waste problem in the Pacific. For centuries, fishing baskets in Guam were made of coconut leaves but here Guerrero used plastic wrapping found on his local beach. While the basket is made using traditional techniques, the plastic wrapping is more durable than plant fibers. Guerrero has found a creative and practical way to give this single-use material a second life.Communities across the Pacific are working together to fight the problem through re-purposing thrown away items and banning some single-use plastic items. However, these local responses can by no means reduce the scale of the problem. The plastic crisis cannot be left to individuals or communities and will take a concerted international effort by governments across the globe.If the rubbish from Staple Howe can help us build stories and details of people living in ancient Britain, what can todays plastic rubbish tell us about ourselves?12. Why are the deserted objects in Staple Howe valuable?A. They were created by hand.B. They were beautifully decorated.C. They consist of precious materials.D. They bear information of life in the past.13. In which way did Guerrero change the traditional fishing basket?A. Material.B. Technique.C. Color.D. Wrapping.14. The exhibition, Disposable? _.A. is displayed in two roomsB. is held by Pacific communitiesC. displays both ancient and modem itemsD. shows Staple Howes influence on Pacific communities15. What does the writer suggest about the plastic crisis?A. Leaving it to individuals.B. Holding international concerts.C. Local responses from Staple Howe.D. A united effort by global governments.Passage 4Time magazine listed its top inventions of 2019, some of which will surely become a big part of our everyday lives over the next decade. Here are some we're most looking forward to.Virtual （虚拟的）surgeryAccording to Harvard Business Review, our current system of training surgeons can't keep up with the speed of technological development. “Even after 4 years of college, 4 years of medical school and 5 years of advanced training after working, 30% of graduates still can't operate on their own,” said Justin Barad, who is the CEO and co-founder of Osso VR.This VR software is made to give doctors virtual operating-room experience so they can practice and prepare for surgeries. Apparently, it works. Gideon Blumstein of California University conducted a study on using Osso VR. His team found that participants' overall surgical performance improved by an astonishing 230% over traditional training methods. Vending veggies （出售素食）"Eat happier. ” That's the Farmers Fridge advertising message. It is a good one, as this company wants to bring fresh, healthy food to people on the go.It's trying to change more than just food, though. It also wants to change the delivery method. Farmers Fridge has created its very own automatic machines. They can be placed in high-traffic areas. These super-smart vending machines can know their contents at any moment, and can allow customers to reserve and pay in advance. They can even learn about what customers want. Shayna Harris is the company's Chief Growth Officer. “We have developed salads, sandwiches and breakfast items that taste as fresh as if you were to make them in your home kitchen,” she said in an interview with Insider Trends. Recycling pollutionWhen we write with black ink, we're writing with soot a powder made by burning coal or oil. Cars are machines that produce soot. To collect the soot, Anirudh Sharma, creator of AIR-INK, made a device called Kaalink, which attaches to a vehicles exhaust pipe （排气管）.Once collected, it's made into ink color and mixed with vegetable oil to create inks, markers and paints with the brand AIR-INK.“I don't know if it's pollution, but the quality of the ink is really special,” said artist Kristopher Ho. “It's black, really thick and dries extremely quickly.”The Guardian describes AIR-INK as "remarkably green”. Each 30-milliliter pen contains between 4050 minutes of air pollution, while each 6-liter spray can hold 2,000 minutes of diesel exhaust （柴油废气）. In the past year, Sharma said, his team has cleaned nearly 1.7 trillion （万亿）liters of air in India and Hong Kong.1. What can be known about Osso VR?A. It is an assistant to help surgeons do operations.B. It can perform operations on patients automatically.C. It offers doctors a virtual environment to practice surgeries.D. It is a piece of software to help medical students do research.2. What makes Farmers Fridge different and special?A. Why its advertisement works.B. What its vending machines sell.C. How its vending machines operate.D. Where its vending machines serve.3. What attitude does Kristopher Ho hold toward AIR-INK?A. Doubtful.B. Casual.C. Disapproving.D. Positive.4. What is the authors main purpose in writing the passage?A. To encourage scientists to make technological inventions.B. To tell readers some of the latest inventions in technology.C. To call on people to keep up with technological development.D. To raise everyone's awareness of the environmental protection.Passage 5"When I was 16 years old, I was diving in Greece, but I was disappointed because I saw more plastic bags than fish.” These are the words of Boyan Slat, an engineer who designed the world's first ocean plastic cleanup system.Every year, more than 8 million tons of plastics end up in our oceans, according to the UN Environment Programme. It is predicted that the weight of ocean plastics will match the weight of all the fish in our oceans by 2050. To prevent this from happening, in 2013 Slat created the Ocean Cleanup, an environmental non¬governmental organization, and put his plan for an ocean cleanup device into action.After years of research and develop¬ment in the Netherlands, a device called System 001/B successfully started gathering plastics on October 2, 2019. The device uses a 600-meter-long C-shaped tube to gather all the floating rubbish. Unlike other cleanup methods, the system floats freely according to the direction of the waves, which allows waste to flow into and stay within the device. A sea anchor is attached to either end. This slows down the system as it floats through the water and allows the faster-moving rubbish, carried by the waves, to flow into its mouth. System 001/B can also collect waste below the surface using a 3-meter-deep skirt（挡板）attached to the end. After being gathered, the trash will be dragged back to shore by boat and recycled.Right now, the system operates in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, an area that is 3 times the size of France. Once operational, the Ocean Cleanup expects a full fleet to be able to clear 50% of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in 5 years."It remains to be seen whether this dream will become a reality, but it is undeniable that humanity must work together to reduce our plastic use and repair the damage our waste has caused," Slat said. "We are starting to see a young generation that gets it and is excited about a sustainable （可持续的）future, but the question still comes down to: Are we going fast enough, and how much damage will have been done before we get there?"12. The underlined word “match” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_”.A. compareB. equalC. measureD. cover13. Why did Boyan Slat create the Ocean Cleanup?A. To collect ocean plastic waste.B. To help to invent System 001/B. C. To protect the living environment of fish.D. To do research on the ocean environment.14. What can we know about System 001/B?A. It can collect and recycle garbage at the same time.B.