专练05 高频语法之并列句、状语从句、特殊结构与语法填空(解析版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）.doc

备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）05高频语法之并列句、状语从句、特殊结构与语法填空【技法总结】高频考点一 并列句与状语从句【高考试题再现】语法填空1. (2018·全国卷)Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 2. (2019·全国卷)I work not because I have to, because I want to. 3. (2019·全国卷)On our way to the house, it was raining hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there. It was in the middle of Pearl City. 答案：1. than 2.but 3.so 【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略1. 完整的句子中, 如果两个单词或短语并列, 要填并列连词;2. 若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号, 也没有连词, 空格处必定填连词;3. 牢记特殊句式中连词的运用;4. 全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词, 熟悉它们的用法;5. 准确判断主从句的逻辑关系, 同时要注意区分易混词。【重点知识提示】一、并列句并列句中使用的连词是高考考查的重点，考生要熟练掌握常考并列连词的用法。1and表示顺承以及并列关系，还可以用于固定句式：“祈使句and陈述句”。2but表示转折关系，不能与although和though连用。3so为表示因果关系的连词，一般前一句子多为后面句子存在的原因，so后面的句子为结果，so不能和表示原因的从属连词because连用。4or“或者”为表示选择关系的连词，or还可译为“否则”，可用于句型：“祈使句or陈述句”。5利用连词词组both . and .、neither . nor .、not only . but also .、either . or .、not . but .特殊搭配解题。6when/while用作并列连词when和while可做并列连词。when表示“在那时，此时突然”；while表示“然而，而”，表对比或转折关系。并列连词when常用于以下句型中：.was/were doing .when .正在做突然.was/were about to do .when .刚要做突然.was/were on the point of doing .when .刚要做突然.had just done .when .刚/一就·The children were playing when they heard the sound of a motorbike.孩子们正在玩耍，这时他们听见了摩托车的声音。·He is strong while his brother is weak.他很强壮而他哥哥却很虚弱。二、让步状语从句和时间状语从句1.让步状语从句(1)although、though、while引导的让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可与yet或still连用。·Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。(2)though与as引导的让步状语从句though引导的让步状语从句置于句首时，从句可倒装也可用正常语序；而as意为“尽管”时，引导的让步状语从句用倒装结构，即as引导的从句一般置于主句之前，从句中的形容词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首。若是单数名词前置时，要省略冠词。·Child as/though he was, he helped me a lot.尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很大的忙。(名词)·Try as/though he might, he could not open the door.不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那个门。(动词)(3)“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句，意为“无论”。·However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。(4)whether . or .引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论还是”，提供两种对比情况。·We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。2时间状语从句(1)when指的是“某一具体时间”，可与延续性或非延续性动词连用，whenever“无论何时”；while“在期间”，只与延续性动词连用；as表“一边一边”，强调主从句动作同时发生。(2)before/since引导时间状语从句的用法before做连词：It will/won't be一段时间before .意为“过了多少时间才/没过多长时间就”。before还可以做介词，意为“在以前”。since引导时间状语从句时表示“自从以来”，从句一般表示动作的起点，用一般过去时；主句表示动作的延续情况，一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。常用句型：It is/has been一段时间since .。·Since he graduated from college, he has worked in this city.自从大学毕业以来，他一直在这座城市工作。·It is five years since he lived here.他在这儿住已有五年了。(3)till, until, not . until延续性动词(肯定式)until/till表示动作延续到某一时间为止。·We walked along the river until/till it was dark.我们沿着河散步，一直到天黑。非延续性动词/延续性动词(否定式)until/till表示“直到才”。·He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him.直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。(4)其他用于引导时间状语从句的词或短语the moment、the minute、the instant、the second、directly、immediately、instantly等名词短语和副词可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。·Directly I received his letter I went to see him.我一收到他的信就去看他了。在hardly/scarcely . when .与no sooner . than .结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。every time、any time、the first time、by the time、each time等名词词组也可引导时间状语从句。·Every time I express an opinion, she always argues back.每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。三、地点状语从句和条件状语从句1.地点状语从句where与wherever可引导地点状语从句。·Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.今天我们将从昨天停止的地方开始，因此就不会遗漏任何要点。2条件状语从句的常见引导词：if、unless(if . not)、so/as long as (只要)、on condition that (条件是)、only if (只有)、provided that (如果)、in case (万一，如果)、suppose/supposing that (假设，如果)、assuming that(假设)等。·My parents don't mind what job I do as long as I am happy.我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。3在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来含义；现在完成时表即将完成之后的情况；一般过去时表过去将来的含义。四、其他状语从句1.原因状语从句原因状语从句可由because、as、since、now that (in that)等词引导：(1)because译为“因为”，表直接原因，语气较强，能回答由why提出的问句。·The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。(2)as (由于)、since (既然)、now that/in that (既然)，表双方都知道的原因，语气较弱。as、since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。·Now that you have done that, stop blaming yourself.既然你已经做了，就不要自责了。2目的状语从句(1)in order that引导的从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。在从句中常与can、may、could、might等情态动词连用。·In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.为了能看到日出，我们早早地出发去山顶。(2)for fear that/in case这两个连词引导的目的状语从句中的谓语常用“(should)动词原形”。·He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he (should) forget it.他把名字写下来以免忘了。3结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that、so . that、such . that。其结构是：(1)soadj./adv.that从句soadj.a(n)可数名词单数that从句somany/much/little(少)/few名词that从句(2)sucha(n)adj.可数名词单数that从句suchadj.可数名词复数/不可数名词that从句sucha lot of/lots of名词that从句(3)主句so that从句·It was such a cold day that there was nobody in the street.It was so cold a day that there was nobody in the street.It was a cold day so that there was nobody in the street.天气非常冷，街上一个人也没有。4方式状语从句方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as (像一样)、as if/though (似乎，好像)等引导。(1)as引导方式状语从句，前面常可用just加强语气。·I did just as the teacher did.我就像老师做的那样做了。(2)as if/as though引导方式状语从句时，常用虚拟语气。·She spoke English so well as if she had been to America.她英语说得非常好，就好像她去过美国似的。高频考点二 特殊结构【高考试题再现】语法填空1. (2017·天津高考)It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors. 2. (2018·天津高考)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 答案：1. that 2. that 【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略建议今后注意一下强调句型。 在未来考试中可能考查到。 其考查点有:(1)强调句型用于强调陈述句;(2)强调句型用于强调一般疑问句;(3)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句;(4)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句用在宾语从句的语序;(5)强调句型用于强调not. . . until. . . 句型。【重点知识提示】一、祈使句、感叹句和省略句1.祈使句祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody、someone、anybody等不定代词。祈使句的4种形式：动词原形(宾语其他成分)；Be表语，如Be honest.；Let's/Let us do/not do sth.；祈使句and/or简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)。2感叹句(1)what引导的感叹句Whata/anadj.可数名词单数主语谓语！Whatadj.可数名词复数/不可数名词主语谓语！·What lovely children they are!他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！(2)how引导的感叹句Howadj.a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！Howadj./adv.主语谓语！How主语谓语！·How interesting a story it is！What an interesting story it is!这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！3省略句省略是高考经常涉及的语法点，常考的几种省略情况如下：(1)状语从句的省略：在when、while、if、as if、though、as、whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it，则从句的主语和be常常省略。(2)不定式中的省略：在一定的上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to，否定形式的省略用not to，但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be、have(做助动词用)，通常保留be或have。(3)if引导的虚拟条件句的省略：当if从句中有had、should、were时，可以省去if，同时把had、should、were置于句首。二、强调句强调句是高考考查的难点，在理解强调句时，学生要注意以下6点：1被强调部分是人时，连接词that/who都可以；非人时，用that；2强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Wasit被强调的部分that/who其他部分？；3强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat其他部分？；·When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？4含not . until .的强调句型：It is/was not until.that其他部分；5把句子中的“It is/was . that/who”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句；6如果需要强调谓语，应用助动词do、does或did。The family did manage to send him to a technical school.家里的确设法让他上了技术学校。三、两种形式的倒装句1.部分倒装(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never、seldom、rarely、little、few、at no time、by no means、no longer、hardly/scarcely . when .、no sooner . than .、not only . but also .、not until、nowhere、neither . nor .等。·Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.直到我失业了，我才意识到我应该提高我的工作技能。(2)“only状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。·Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你能找到内心的平静，你才能和别人保持良好的关系。(3)so/such . that .结构中的so、such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。·Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步，以至于受到了表扬。(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。·I saw the film The Great Wall last week, so did she.我上周看了电影长城，她也看了。2完全倒装here、there、now、then、out、in、up、down、away、on the wall、in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。·The Public Square is an eyecatching sight of the city. There stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。【专题训练】1阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。While driving alone through the countryside, Linda saw an old woman by the side of the road, reaching out her hand. 1. was getting dark and raining. “I can t leave her out in this weather,” Linda said to herself, so she stopped the car.“ Shall I offer you 2. lift?” Linda asked. The old woman nodded and climbed into the car. After a while Linda asked, “Have you waited for long?” The old woman shook her head. 3. (strange)enough, the old woman didnt say a single word all the way. Her only 4. (respond) was always a nod of the head or something else like that.Then Linda saw the ladys hands, 5. were very large and covered with thick hair. She realized 6. the lady was a man! After 7. (stop) the car, Linda said, “cant see that mirror. Would you mind cleaning it 8. me?” The lady nodded and opened the door. As soon as the “lady” was out of the car, Linda drove off quickly.When Linda arrived home, she found that the old lady 9. (leave) a handbag on the backseat. She opened it and let out a deep breath. Inside it 10. two sharp knives.【答案】1. It2. a3. Strangely4. response5. which6. that7. stopping8. for9. had left10. were【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Linda开车穿过乡下，让一位老妇人打车，发现老妇人是伪装的劫匪后机智甩开的故事。1. 考查代词。设空处指代时间和天气，故填It。2. 考查冠词。offer sb. a lift意为“让某人搭便车”。故答案为a。3. 考查副词。设空处在句 中作状修饰整个句子，需用 strange的副词形式。故答案为strangely。4. 考查名词。设空处由形容词性物主代词修饰在句 中作主语，需用respond的名词形式。故答案为response。5. 考查关系词。设空处引导 非限制性定语从句修饰the lady's hands ,且在从句中作主语，故填 which。6. 考查连接词。句意：她意识到这位女士是个男人!设空处引导宾语从句且从句意义及成分均完整， 故填引导词that。7. 考查动词-ing形式作宾 语的用法。Linda与stop之间是逻 辑上的主谓关系，且设空处作After 的宾语，故填动名词stopping。8. 考查介词。句意：你介意帮我擦一下吗?设空处意为“为”， 故填for。9. 考查过去完成时。leave 表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作 found之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。故答案为had left。10. 考查倒装与主谓一致。句意：里面有两把锋利的刀。Inside在句首这 是一个完全倒装句，主语是后面的two sharp knives ,谓语动词要用复数形式。故答案为were。2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It was the spring of 1943 during World War . Standing among hundreds of new 11. (soldier）at Camp Grant, Sam, just 18 years old, waited as a truck slowly drove by. 12. full field pack was randomly thrown to each soldier.Sam received13. (he) After he opened the pack and looked at the things in it, he was greatly14. （astonish）. He found his last name, Litrenti, was marked on each thing in his pack. "How strange!" Sam thought. He didn' t think the one 15. threw the field pack to him knew who he was.So why was Sams last name marked on the things? You may not believe it, but it was the field pack that his father 16. （use）during World War I .Sam 17. （certain） didnt know that when he received it. It wasn' t until after the war 18. he found out why.After the war, he talked 19. that with his father. After 20. .（talk）for a while, Sam's father became sure that the pack once belonged to him.Both the father and the son couldn't believe that ! What a coincidence!【答案】11. soldiers12. A13. his14. astonished15. who/that16. used17. certainly18. that19. about20. talking【分析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了第二次世界大战期间，18岁的山姆意外巧合拿到了自己父亲的野战包的故事。11. 考查名词的数。句意：18岁的山姆站在格兰特军营数百名新兵中间，等着一辆卡车缓缓驶过。soldier为可数名词，由hundreds of意为“成百上千的”修饰, 因此要用soldier的复数形式。故填soldiers。12. 考查冠词。句意：一个完整的野战包被随机扔给每个士兵。pack为可数名词，此处用不定冠词a表示泛指。故填A。13. 考查代词。句意：萨姆收到了他的。名词性物主代词his相当于his pack。故填his。14. 考查词性转换。句意：当他打开包装，看到里面的东西，他非常惊讶。根据前面的was可知,此处要用形容词作表语,astonished表示“感到吃惊的”，修饰人。故填astonished。15. 考查定语从句连接词。句意：他不认为向他扔野战背包的那个人知道他是谁。分析句子可知，本句为定语从句修饰先行词one，且先行词在从句中作主语，先行词是the one,指代人，故用关系代词who/that。16. 考查动词时态。句意：你可能不相信，这是他父亲在第一次世界大战期间使用的野战背包。根据前后语境可知,此处表示过去的 事情,故用一般过去时。17. 考查副词。句意：萨姆收到信的时候肯定不知道。修饰动词know需用副词形式。故填certainly。18. 考查强调句。句意：直到战后他才发现原因。此处为强调句型“It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分”。故填that。19. 考查介词。句意：战后，他和他的父亲谈论了这件事。固定短语talk about sth.表示“谈论某事”。故填about。20. 考查非谓语动词。句意：聊了一会儿，萨姆的父亲确信那包东西曾经属于他。after是介词，后面需接动名词形式。故填talking。3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A lot of films have tried to describe our memories of family members who have passed away. But few have done as21. (remark) as Coco, Disney-Pixars latest animation, 22. hit the big screen on Nov. 24 and won the Oscar in 2018.23. (inspire) by the Mexican holiday of Day of the Dead, the films production team created a young boy, Miguel, who wants his family to understand his love of music. An accident takes him to the Land of the Dead. While there, Miguel has24. unforgettable and adventurous night.Its in this magical world25. Miguel gets to meet and discover the truth about his great-great-grandpa. To protect him from 26. (disappear), Miguel has to bring his photo back to the living world as soon as possible.While told with a wild imagination, the story 27. (convey) a clear and warm message. “In an era when young people are so easily attracted by 28. (celebrity), Coco reveals the emptiness of such adulation ( 谄媚), teaching kids 29. (preserve) and respect the memory of their elders while reminding them that the source of true creativity is so often 30. (person),” wrote reporter Peter Debruge on Variety.【答案】21. remarkably22. which23. Inspired24. an25. that26. disappearing27. conveys28. celebrities29. to preserve30. personal【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了迪士尼和皮克斯联手打造的动画巨作寻梦环游记的内容、场景以及所想传达给观众的意义。21. 考查副词。句意：但是几乎没有几部电影能描写的像寻梦环游记这样引人注目。空格处单词处于asas结构中，一般填形容词或副词的原级形式。由于空格处单词修饰动词done，所以应用副词形式。故填remarkably。22. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：寻梦环游记是迪士尼和皮克斯联手打造的最新的动画巨作，它在11月24日上映并且赢得了2018年奥斯卡奖。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为Coco（指物），从句缺少主语，故填which。23. 考查过去分词作状语。句意：受墨西哥亡灵节的启发，制作团队创作了一个名叫米格尔的小男孩。这句话谓语动词为created，所以空格处应填非谓语动词。这句话的主语the films production team与inspire之间是被动关系，故填过去分词Inspired.24. 考查不定冠词。句意：在那儿的时候，米格尔度过了一个难忘的又充满危险的晚上。这里的一个晚上前边没有提到过，是泛指，且unforgettable是以元音音素开始的，故填an。25. 考查强调句。句意：就是在这个有魔力的世界里，米格尔遇到了并发现了关于他祖爷爷的真相。这是一个强调句，强调句的基本结构是“It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who (that).”，这句话中强调的是地点状语，故填that。26. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：为保护祖爷爷不消失，米格尔必须尽可能早的将他的照片带回有生命的世界。“protectfrom”意为“保护免遭”，其中from为介词，其后一般跟动名词或名词作宾语。disappear（消失）是动词，所以空格处填动名词形式，故填disappearing。27. 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：尽管这个故事是以无边的想象的形式讲述的，但是这个故事传达了清晰而温暖的信息。这篇文章整体是以现在时为主的，所以这句话应使用一般现在时。the story是第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。故填conveys。28. 考查可数名词的复数形式。句意：在一个年轻人很容易被名流吸引的时代，寻梦环游记揭露了这种谄媚的空虚，一方面教给孩子珍藏并尊重关于老人的记忆，一方面让他们知道真正的想象力经常是很私人的。由于这题空格位于介词by后，空格后没有其他名词，所以空格处应填名词形式。“celebrity（名人）”是可数名词，且其前没有冠词之类的限定词，所以应用复数形式。故填celebrities。29. 考查不定式做宾补。句意同上。“and”前后连接两个并列的成份，且只有两个不定式并列式才可以省去第二个不定式的to使用动词原形，所以空格处填t不定式。且“teach sb. to do sth.”是一个固定搭配，意为“教某人做某事”，故填to preserve。30. 考查形容词。句意同上。空格处位于be动词后作表语，应用形容词形式。故填personal。4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Hong Kong-zhuhai-macao Bridge opened to the public on 23rd October 2018.It is the world's 31. (long）cross-sea bridge.It 32. （connect）Hong Kong and Macao to the mainland Chinese city of Zhuhai.The bridge is 55 kilometres long and is expected to be in use for about one hundred 33