专练05 高频语法之并列句、状语从句、特殊结构与语法填空(原卷版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）.doc

备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）05高频语法之并列句、状语从句、特殊结构与语法填空【技法总结】高频考点一 并列句与状语从句【高考试题再现】语法填空1. (2018·全国卷)Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 2. (2019·全国卷)I work not because I have to, because I want to. 3. (2019·全国卷)On our way to the house, it was raining hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there. It was in the middle of Pearl City. 答案：1. than 2.but 3.so 【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略1. 完整的句子中, 如果两个单词或短语并列, 要填并列连词;2. 若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号, 也没有连词, 空格处必定填连词;3. 牢记特殊句式中连词的运用;4. 全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词, 熟悉它们的用法;5. 准确判断主从句的逻辑关系, 同时要注意区分易混词。【重点知识提示】一、并列句并列句中使用的连词是高考考查的重点，考生要熟练掌握常考并列连词的用法。1and表示顺承以及并列关系，还可以用于固定句式：“祈使句and陈述句”。2but表示转折关系，不能与although和though连用。3so为表示因果关系的连词，一般前一句子多为后面句子存在的原因，so后面的句子为结果，so不能和表示原因的从属连词because连用。4or“或者”为表示选择关系的连词，or还可译为“否则”，可用于句型：“祈使句or陈述句”。5利用连词词组both . and .、neither . nor .、not only . but also .、either . or .、not . but .特殊搭配解题。6when/while用作并列连词when和while可做并列连词。when表示“在那时，此时突然”；while表示“然而，而”，表对比或转折关系。并列连词when常用于以下句型中：.was/were doing .when .正在做突然.was/were about to do .when .刚要做突然.was/were on the point of doing .when .刚要做突然.had just done .when .刚/一就·The children were playing when they heard the sound of a motorbike.孩子们正在玩耍，这时他们听见了摩托车的声音。·He is strong while his brother is weak.他很强壮而他哥哥却很虚弱。二、让步状语从句和时间状语从句1.让步状语从句(1)although、though、while引导的让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可与yet或still连用。·Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。(2)though与as引导的让步状语从句though引导的让步状语从句置于句首时，从句可倒装也可用正常语序；而as意为“尽管”时，引导的让步状语从句用倒装结构，即as引导的从句一般置于主句之前，从句中的形容词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首。若是单数名词前置时，要省略冠词。·Child as/though he was, he helped me a lot.尽管他是个孩子，他却帮了我很大的忙。(名词)·Try as/though he might, he could not open the door.不管他怎样努力，他还是不能打开那个门。(动词)(3)“疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句，意为“无论”。·However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。(4)whether . or .引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论还是”，提供两种对比情况。·We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。2时间状语从句(1)when指的是“某一具体时间”，可与延续性或非延续性动词连用，whenever“无论何时”；while“在期间”，只与延续性动词连用；as表“一边一边”，强调主从句动作同时发生。(2)before/since引导时间状语从句的用法before做连词：It will/won't be一段时间before .意为“过了多少时间才/没过多长时间就”。before还可以做介词，意为“在以前”。since引导时间状语从句时表示“自从以来”，从句一般表示动作的起点，用一般过去时；主句表示动作的延续情况，一般用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。常用句型：It is/has been一段时间since .。·Since he graduated from college, he has worked in this city.自从大学毕业以来，他一直在这座城市工作。·It is five years since he lived here.他在这儿住已有五年了。(3)till, until, not . until延续性动词(肯定式)until/till表示动作延续到某一时间为止。·We walked along the river until/till it was dark.我们沿着河散步，一直到天黑。非延续性动词/延续性动词(否定式)until/till表示“直到才”。·He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him.直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。(4)其他用于引导时间状语从句的词或短语the moment、the minute、the instant、the second、directly、immediately、instantly等名词短语和副词可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。·Directly I received his letter I went to see him.我一收到他的信就去看他了。在hardly/scarcely . when .与no sooner . than .结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。every time、any time、the first time、by the time、each time等名词词组也可引导时间状语从句。·Every time I express an opinion, she always argues back.每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。三、地点状语从句和条件状语从句1.地点状语从句where与wherever可引导地点状语从句。·Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.今天我们将从昨天停止的地方开始，因此就不会遗漏任何要点。2条件状语从句的常见引导词：if、unless(if . not)、so/as long as (只要)、on condition that (条件是)、only if (只有)、provided that (如果)、in case (万一，如果)、suppose/supposing that (假设，如果)、assuming that(假设)等。·My parents don't mind what job I do as long as I am happy.我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。3在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来含义；现在完成时表即将完成之后的情况；一般过去时表过去将来的含义。四、其他状语从句1.原因状语从句原因状语从句可由because、as、since、now that (in that)等词引导：(1)because译为“因为”，表直接原因，语气较强，能回答由why提出的问句。·The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。(2)as (由于)、since (既然)、now that/in that (既然)，表双方都知道的原因，语气较弱。as、since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。·Now that you have done that, stop blaming yourself.既然你已经做了，就不要自责了。2目的状语从句(1)in order that引导的从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。在从句中常与can、may、could、might等情态动词连用。·In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.为了能看到日出，我们早早地出发去山顶。(2)for fear that/in case这两个连词引导的目的状语从句中的谓语常用“(should)动词原形”。·He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he (should) forget it.他把名字写下来以免忘了。3结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：so that、so . that、such . that。其结构是：(1)soadj./adv.that从句soadj.a(n)可数名词单数that从句somany/much/little(少)/few名词that从句(2)sucha(n)adj.可数名词单数that从句suchadj.可数名词复数/不可数名词that从句sucha lot of/lots of名词that从句(3)主句so that从句·It was such a cold day that there was nobody in the street.It was so cold a day that there was nobody in the street.It was a cold day so that there was nobody in the street.天气非常冷，街上一个人也没有。4方式状语从句方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as (像一样)、as if/though (似乎，好像)等引导。(1)as引导方式状语从句，前面常可用just加强语气。·I did just as the teacher did.我就像老师做的那样做了。(2)as if/as though引导方式状语从句时，常用虚拟语气。·She spoke English so well as if she had been to America.她英语说得非常好，就好像她去过美国似的。高频考点二 特殊结构【高考试题再现】语法填空1. (2017·天津高考)It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors. 2. (2018·天津高考)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 答案：1. that 2. that 【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略建议今后注意一下强调句型。 在未来考试中可能考查到。 其考查点有:(1)强调句型用于强调陈述句;(2)强调句型用于强调一般疑问句;(3)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句;(4)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句用在宾语从句的语序;(5)强调句型用于强调not. . . until. . . 句型。【重点知识提示】一、祈使句、感叹句和省略句1.祈使句祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody、someone、anybody等不定代词。祈使句的4种形式：动词原形(宾语其他成分)；Be表语，如Be honest.；Let's/Let us do/not do sth.；祈使句and/or简单句(简单句谓语用一般将来时)。2感叹句(1)what引导的感叹句Whata/anadj.可数名词单数主语谓语！Whatadj.可数名词复数/不可数名词主语谓语！·What lovely children they are!他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！(2)how引导的感叹句Howadj.a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！Howadj./adv.主语谓语！How主语谓语！·How interesting a story it is！What an interesting story it is!这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！3省略句省略是高考经常涉及的语法点，常考的几种省略情况如下：(1)状语从句的省略：在when、while、if、as if、though、as、whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it，则从句的主语和be常常省略。(2)不定式中的省略：在一定的上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to，否定形式的省略用not to，但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be、have(做助动词用)，通常保留be或have。(3)if引导的虚拟条件句的省略：当if从句中有had、should、were时，可以省去if，同时把had、should、were置于句首。二、强调句强调句是高考考查的难点，在理解强调句时，学生要注意以下6点：1被强调部分是人时，连接词that/who都可以；非人时，用that；2强调句的一般疑问句结构：Is/Wasit被强调的部分that/who其他部分？；3强调句的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat其他部分？；·When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？4含not . until .的强调句型：It is/was not until.that其他部分；5把句子中的“It is/was . that/who”去掉之后，句子依然成立，就是强调句，否则就不是强调句；6如果需要强调谓语，应用助动词do、does或did。The family did manage to send him to a technical school.家里的确设法让他上了技术学校。三、两种形式的倒装句1.部分倒装(1)将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never、seldom、rarely、little、few、at no time、by no means、no longer、hardly/scarcely . when .、no sooner . than .、not only . but also .、not until、nowhere、neither . nor .等。·Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.直到我失业了，我才意识到我应该提高我的工作技能。(2)“only状语”置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。·Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你能找到内心的平静，你才能和别人保持良好的关系。(3)so/such . that .结构中的so、such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。·Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步，以至于受到了表扬。(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。·I saw the film The Great Wall last week, so did she.我上周看了电影长城，她也看了。2完全倒装here、there、now、then、out、in、up、down、away、on the wall、in the room等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。·The Public Square is an eyecatching sight of the city. There stand many stone sculptures of famous historical figures.大众广场是这个城市引人注目的景点，许多历史名人的石雕像矗立在那里。【专题训练】1阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。While driving alone through the countryside, Linda saw an old woman by the side of the road, reaching out her hand. 1. was getting dark and raining. “I can t leave her out in this weather,” Linda said to herself, so she stopped the car.“ Shall I offer you 2. lift?” Linda asked. The old woman nodded and climbed into the car. After a while Linda asked, “Have you waited for long?” The old woman shook her head. 3. (strange)enough, the old woman didnt say a single word all the way. Her only 4. (respond) was always a nod of the head or something else like that.Then Linda saw the ladys hands, 5. were very large and covered with thick hair. She realized 6. the lady was a man! After 7. (stop) the car, Linda said, “cant see that mirror. Would you mind cleaning it 8. me?” The lady nodded and opened the door. As soon as the “lady” was out of the car, Linda drove off quickly.When Linda arrived home, she found that the old lady 9. (leave) a handbag on the backseat. She opened it and let out a deep breath. Inside it 10. two sharp knives.2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It was the spring of 1943 during World War . Standing among hundreds of new 11. (soldier）at Camp Grant, Sam, just 18 years old, waited as a truck slowly drove by. 12. full field pack was randomly thrown to each soldier.Sam received13. (he) After he opened the pack and looked at the things in it, he was greatly14. （astonish）. He found his last name, Litrenti, was marked on each thing in his pack. "How strange!" Sam thought. He didn' t think the one 15. threw the field pack to him knew who he was.So why was Sams last name marked on the things? You may not believe it, but it was the field pack that his father 16. （use）during World War I .Sam 17. （certain） didnt know that when he received it. It wasn' t until after the war 18. he found out why.After the war, he talked 19. that with his father. After 20. .（talk）for a while, Sam's father became sure that the pack once belonged to him.Both the father and the son couldn't believe that ! What a coincidence!3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A lot of films have tried to describe our memories of family members who have passed away. But few have done as21. (remark) as Coco, Disney-Pixars latest animation, 22. hit the big screen on Nov. 24 and won the Oscar in 2018.23. (inspire) by the Mexican holiday of Day of the Dead, the films production team created a young boy, Miguel, who wants his family to understand his love of music. An accident takes him to the Land of the Dead. While there, Miguel has24. unforgettable and adventurous night.Its in this magical world25. Miguel gets to meet and discover the truth about his great-great-grandpa. To protect him from 26. (disappear), Miguel has to bring his photo back to the living world as soon as possible.While told with a wild imagination, the story 27. (convey) a clear and warm message. “In an era when young people are so easily attracted by 28. (celebrity), Coco reveals the emptiness of such adulation ( 谄媚), teaching kids 29. (preserve) and respect the memory of their elders while reminding them that the source of true creativity is so often 30. (person),” wrote reporter Peter Debruge on Variety.4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Hong Kong-zhuhai-macao Bridge opened to the public on 23rd October 2018.It is the world's 31. (long）cross-sea bridge.It 32. （connect）Hong Kong and Macao to the mainland Chinese city of Zhuhai.The bridge is 55 kilometres long and is expected to be in use for about one hundred 33. （year）.The building of the bridge began in December 2009 and it took nine years 34. (complete）.About 50,000 workers, engineers and designers from the Chinese mainland and Hong Kong and Macao played 35. part in the building of the bridge.The Y-shaped bridge, 36. （start）from Lantau Island in Hong Kong and branching （分岔）out to Zhuhai and Macao, cuts the travel time between Hong Kong and Zhuhai to thirty minutes .“It used to take more than four hours to go to Zhuhai on wheels, 37. now it is just half an hour's drive on the bridge "said a driver who 38. .（travel）between Hong Kong and Guangdong for years.As a joint project between Hong Kong, Macao and Guangdong, the bridge 39. (consider ）to be an engineering wonder.The bridge serves 40. a bond between Hong Kong, Macao and some Guangdong cities.It is a"symbol of the Greater Bay Area, "said a Hong Kong official.5阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。What does a beautiful person look like? Well, it depends on whom you ask and 41. they are from.Much like the way people with straight hair want 42. (curl) hair or those with pale skin lie in the sun trying to get a suntan (晒黑), people often find themselves more attractive when 43. (visit) another country.Recently a post went popular on the US question website Quora. It asked, “Have you ever been considered more attractive in a country 44. than your own?”Many replies made 45. clear just how much more attractive they were considered in other country, and why.Lolyta from Indonesia wrote, “In my home country, I am not considered beautiful, 46. when I went to Europe I got a lot of attention.” Pooja Gautam from Nepal shared a similar experience. Women with lighter skin always got more attention than she 47. in her country. But in Poland, she has gotten 48. (usual) high levels of attention from locals. “Tanning salons (晒黑沙龙) are a big thing in Polish cities,” she wrote. “Some Polish people find it hard to believe 49. I tell them that many Nepalese people carry 50. (umbrella) on hot, sunny days to stop their skin from turning darker.”6阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。My friend had a chance to make a trip to Hong Kong 51. August 15,2015. He had dreamed about 52. (visit) it since his boyhood and it was the first time that he 53. (be) there. The following was 54. he had seen.55. (arrive) there, he was 56. (shock) by its beautiful scenery and tall buildings. 57. we all know, Hong Kong has the most skyscrapers in the world. Wherever he went, he saw many smiling faces. People in Hong Kong were kind, generous, easygoing and ready to help others. Much to his surprise, he saw that people there always kept order in public places. 58. a great number of people were waiting for the next train at the subway station, they were talking in such a low voice as not to disturb others.Chinese and English are the official languages of Hong Kong. English is 59. (wide) used in governments, markets, service centers and other fields.Staying there for a week was a good experience for him, 60. he would never forget.7阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Weve all turned to sad music to make us feel 61. (good