专练08 故事叙述类阅读理解(解析版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）.doc

备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）08专练08 故事叙述类阅读理解【命题意图】 阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。【考试方向】记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生，发展，高潮和结局；（2）若是哲理故事，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是 逸闻趣事，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。【得分要点】高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。一、记叙文写作特点 记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。 就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓一篇之妙，在于落句。二、记叙文命题特点 从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。三、记叙文答题技巧 一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。No.1 顺藤摸瓜 记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。No.2 左顾右盼 在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。No.3 刨根问底 如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如What can be inferred from ?或是What does the author imply in?之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。No.4 拨云见日 每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。这时，你不仅需要左顾右盼，还需要在几句话，一个段落，乃至整篇文章的字里行间中快速搜寻，看看前面、后面都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物，或者人物与事物之间的内在联系，才可能在最后拨开团团迷雾，从四个选项中选出正确答案。【真题再现】【2020年1月·浙江卷，A】I never knew anyone whod grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway our librarian. She ran Jacksons Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes. I was willing；I would do anything to read.My mother was not afraid of Mrs. Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books for myself, She took me in to introduce me. “Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she wants from the shelves, children or adults,” Mother said.Mrs. Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day youd taken it out；it made no difference to her that youd read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of "Little Red Riding Hood" with my brother's two daughters. She'd just look up at the right time, long enough to answer in character "The better to eat you with, my dear," and go back to her place in the magazine article.21. Which of the following best described Mrs. Calloway?A. diet.B. Strict.C. Humorous.D. Considerate.22. What do the underlined words "this feeling" refer to in the last paragraph?A. Desire to read.B. Love for Mrs. Calloway.C. Interest in games.D. Fear of the library rules.23. Where is the text probably from?A. guidebook.B. an autobiography.C. a news report.D. book review.【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要内容为作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习惯，而作者的母亲也和作者一样拥有对读书的渴望。21.推理判断题。根据第一段中I never knew anyone whod grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway our librarian. （我从来没见过哪个在杰克逊长大的人不害怕我们的图书管理员卡洛维夫人）以及SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes.（到处都挂着牌子，上面用黑色的大字写着“肃静”。如果她认为你穿得不合适，她会直接让你回家换衣服）可知Mrs. Calloway很严格。故选B。22.词义猜测题。根据下文Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else.（现在，我觉得她在做其他事情的同时，也在阅读）可知作者的妈妈也非常喜欢阅读，故作者的母亲渴望读书和作者是一样的。故划线短语意思为“渴望读书”。故选A。23.推理判断题。结合文章主要内容可知，作者非常喜爱阅读，并保持着在图书馆中阅读和借阅书籍的习惯，而作者的母亲也和作者一样渴望读书。故可推测文章可能来自于一份自传。故选B。【题型演练】1Jean is a bright young woman who comes from a rich and famous family. She goes to a good university and has everything that money can buy. Well, almost everything. The problem is that the people in Jean's family are so busy that they can hardly find time to be with her. In fact, Jean is quite lonely.So Jean spends a lot of time on her QQ. She likes being anonymous(匿名), talking to people who do not know about her famous family and her rich life. She uses the name Linda on QQ and has made a lot of friends who she keeps in touch with quite often.Last year Jean made a very special friend on QQ. His name was David and lived in San Francisco. David was full of stories and jokes. He and Jean had a common(共同的) interest in rock music and modern dance. So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and sometimes they even forgot their time. Of course, they wanted to know more about each other. David sent a picture of himself: He was a tall, good-looking young man with a big, happy smile. As time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other. When Jean's father told her that he was going on a business trip to San Francisco, she asked him to let her go with him so that she could give David a surprise for his birthday. She would take him the latest DVD of their favorite rock singer. But when she knocked on David's door in San Francisco, she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim!1. Jean spends a lot of her time on QQ because she is _.A. richB. famousC. youngD. lonely2. Jean thought “David” was special because he _.A. made her quite happy on QQB. was from San FranciscoC. sent her a picture of himselfD. was tall and good-looking3. When Jean and “David” met and introduced themselves to each other, who felt surprised?A. “David”B. Both“David” and Jean.C. Jean.D. Neither“David”nor Jean.4. What's the main idea of the passage?A. Don't believe those you get to know on QQ so easily.B. People don't use their real names on QQ so often.C. Don't go to meet those you get to know on QQ.D. People should tell their real names to others on QQ.【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了年轻靓丽的Jean在QQ上结识了一个好朋友大卫，见面时，却发现他竟是一个只有12岁的孩子。1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The problem is that the people in Jean's family are so busy that they can hardly find time to be with her. In fact, Jean is quite lonely.”（问题是Jean的家人都很忙，几乎没有时间陪她，事实上，她很孤独）及第二段中的“So Jean spends a lot of time on her QQ.”（于是她花很多时间在QQ上）可知，Jean把很多时间都花在QQ聊天上是因为她很孤独，故D项正确。2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“David was full of stories and jokes.”（大卫总是给她讲故事和笑话）可知，Jean认为大卫很特别是因为他总是在QQ上逗她开心，故A项正确。3. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Jean is a bright young woman”（Jean是一个靓丽的年轻女子）及第三段中的“But when she knocked on David's door in San Francisco, she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim!”（但是当敲开大卫的家门时，她发现这个特别的朋友竟是一个12岁的男孩）可知，当看到与她聊了这么长时间的朋友竟然是一个只有12岁的男孩时，Jean一定会感到非常惊讶（因为大卫在QQ上隐瞒了真实年龄，Jean则没有，所以见面时，大卫不会感到惊讶，惊讶的是Jean），故C项正确。4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段中的“But when she knocked on David's door in San Francisco, she found that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim!”（但是当敲开大卫的家门时，她发现这个特别的朋友竟是一个12岁的男孩）可知，本文主要讲述的是年轻靓丽的Jean在QQ上结识了一个好朋友大卫，见面时却发现他是一个只有12岁的孩子，文章用这个故事告诉我们不要轻易相信那些在QQ上结识的“朋友”，故A项正确。2A campaign （活动）is being launched to encourage children to give up 30 minutes of screen time a day to head for the great outdoors.The newly formed Wild Network a cooperation of nearly 400 organisations - is trying to attract teenagers away from television and computer screen and into fields, woods and parks. Organisers say that it is the UK's biggest ever campaign to reconnect children with nature and outdoor play, and that it could help improve fitness, mental（精神的）health and general well being. A documentary film, Project Wild Thing, will announce the launch at more than 50 cinemas across the UK from Friday. It looks at the increasingly weak link between children and nature.Andy Simpson, chairman of the Wild Network, said: "The sad truth is that kids have lost touch with nature. Time spent outdoors is down, activity areas and levels are falling strongly and the ability to identify common species （物种）has been lost."Suggestions of how to get more time in nature include camping or racing and observing autumn colour on trees and so on. From January, the network will aim to make suggestions to politicians on how government can do more to get children muddy （沾满泥污的）and bright¬-eyed.This is not the first time the message of less screen, more play has been brought up. Children in the 1980s were asked to do the same by the BBC TV series Why Don't You, which somewhat confusingly called on its viewers to "switch off your TV set, and do something less boring instead".5. The purpose of the campaign is to call on kids_.A. to love animalsB. to play outdoorsC. to give up screensD. to protect nature6. What may make Andy Simpson sad?A. Kids' disability to name some creatures.B. The falling duration of Rids' vacations.C. Strict rules on kids' outdoor activities.D. The disappearance of common species.7. What does the network appeal to the government to do?A. Reconnect kids with nature.B. Provide kids with more mud.C. Take measures to protect kids.D. Pay attention to eye protection.8. Why does the author mention the BBC TV series?A. To tell the development of BBC TV series.B. To prove the recognition of his suggestion.C. To show the TV series caused confusion.D. To compare present TV series with old ones.【答案】5. B 6. A7. A 8. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者讲述了一个活动 the Wild Network（野生网络），来呼吁儿童尽可能多的与大自然的接触，从大自然中学习并收益，而不是整天对着电脑和电视等。5. 细节理解题。由第一段句子“A campaign （活动）is being launched to encourage children to give up 30 minutes of screen time a day to head for the great outdoors.”可知，发起这个活动的主要目的是呼吁孩子每天放弃30分钟的屏幕时间，去户外玩，故选B项。6. 细节理解题。由第三段句子“The sad truth is that kids have lost touch with nature. Time spent outdoors is down, activity areas and levels are falling strongly and the ability to identify common species （物种）has been lost.”可知，孩子失去了辨别物种的能力，即孩子无法说出一些生物的名称，A选项正确，BCD选项均未提及，故选A项。7. 推理判断题。由第四段句子“From January, the network will aim to make suggestions to politicians on how government can do more to get children muddy （沾满泥污的）and bright-eyed.”和第五段句子“This is not the first time the message of less screen, more play has been brought up. ”可知，此处的muddy并非是给孩子提供泥巴，而是让孩子有更多的时间远离屏幕，接触大自然，在大自然中玩耍，即让孩子重新接触大自然，故选A项。8. 推理判断题。由最后一段第一句“This is not the first time the message of less screen, more play has been brought up. ”可知，这已经不是第一次提倡少看屏幕，多去户外玩耍了。接下来后句提到的the BBC TV series同样也有此提倡，可推知，作者在文中提到the BBC TVseries是为了证明其对自己的建议的认可，且符合文章的主旨，故选B项。3The signs appeared practically overnight. Theyd been planted everywherein front of homes, along sidewalks, around the local high school. Each featured just a few uplifting words in simple black type: “Dont Give Up,” “You Are Worthy of Love,” “Your Mistakes Do Not Define You.” The high school in Newberg, Oregon, had lost four students and three former graduates to kill themselves that year, so the town of 25, 000 instantly understood the messages.Amy Wolff had done so, in part, because shed lost her own teenage brother in an accident about 20 years earlier. It was compassion (同情) for compassions sake.Yet as Wolff saw the deep emotion her sign inspired in her neighbors, she decided to step forward to share her message publicly. Instantly, her inbox was flooded with requests for more signs. Since then, the Dont Give Up Movement has spread from Newberg to the hearts and yards of people in every state. Wolff charges only the cost of materials and shipping. “Its a terrible business decision if we wanted to function like a business,” she says.Chrisanne Moger commented on one of the movements posts about the need for one particular sign, “Were All in This Together.” She thought it would really speak to a world huddling together under the cloud of COVID-19. Wolff agreed, and she received 750 orders within a week of its creation. A mother in Colorado, unable to travel during the quarantine (隔离), contacted the organization after her stepsons sudden death. “I saw one of your signs recently and it was a touching message from above to hang on.” she wrote.Aware of the added emotional challenges isolation brings, the Dont Give Up Movement has since offered to send handwritten letters of support to anyone in quarantine who needs it.9. Why did the signs suddenly appear everywhere in Newberg?A. They featured some inspiring words.B. The high school had lost several students.C. They conveyed simple messages.D. The outbreak of COVID-19 scared people.10. What do you know about the Dont Give Up Movement?A. It is a non-profit organization.B. It met all requests of neighbors.C. It gradually won the hearts of people.D. It was started in honor of Amys brother.11. What effect do the messages from the posts have?A. They bring emotional challenges.B. They offer great encouragement.C. They provide information for COVID-19.D. They improve interpersonal relationships.12. What do you think of Amy Wolff?A. Shes active and open-minded.B. Shes talkative and sociable.C. Shes decisive and ambitious.D. Shes selfless and devoted.【答案】9. B 10. A 11. B 12. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了由Amy Wolff最初在小镇各处插上的鼓舞人心的标语牌发展而来的非营利组织Dont Give Up，在新冠病毒肆虐的情况下，带给人们心灵上的鼓励和慰藉。9. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The high school in Newberg, Oregon, had lost four students and three former graduates to kill themselves that year, so the town of 25, 000 instantly understood the messages.（俄勒冈州纽伯格的这所高中在那一年失去了四名学生和三名前毕业生自杀，所以这个拥有25，000人口的小镇立刻明白了这条信息。）”可知，突然在纽伯格到处都出现了这些标志是因为这所高中失去了几个学生。故选B项。10. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Wolff charges only the cost of materials and shipping. “Its a terrible business decision if we wanted to function like a business,” she says.（Wolff只收取材料和运输费用。她说：“如果这个组织像企业一样运作，那么这将是一个糟糕的商业决策。”）可知，说明这个组织不以牟利为目的，是一个非盈利性组织。故选A项。11. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Chrisanne Moger commented on one of the movements posts about the need for one particular sign, “Were All in This Together.” She thought it would really speak to a world huddling together under the cloud of COVID-19. （Chrisanne Moger在该运动的一篇帖子中就需要一个特定的标识发表了评论：“我们在一起”。她认为，这真的可以向一个被COVID-19笼罩的世界发出声音。）”可知，这些帖子的信息