专练04 高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空(原卷版)---备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）.doc

备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）04高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空【技法总结】高频考点 非谓语动词【高考试题再现】语法填空1. (2018·全国卷)You dont have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.  2. (2018·全国卷)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality.  3. (2018·全国卷)Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide, ” says the banks Juergen Voegele. 4. (2018·全国卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel (challenge). 5. (2019·全国卷)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for (be)Britains oldest full-time employee still working 40 hours a week. 6. (2019·全国卷)When we got a call (say)she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. 答案：1.dying 2.to improve  3.feeding 4.looking ; challenged 5.being 6.saying 【关键技法点拨】语法填空解题策略1. 巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(doing);(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(done); (3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等, 要想到用不定式形式(to do)。2. 掌握非谓语动词的句型公式Its+形容词+(for/of sb. +)to do sth. ;Its no good/use/pleasure doing sth. ;find/think/believe/consider+it+ adj. +to do sth. 。3. 牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词4. 巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等;(2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式。【重点知识提示】一、非谓语动词做主语、宾语和表语1.非谓语动词中能做主语的有动名词和不定式(1)动名词做主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作，不定式做主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。(2)it做形式主语，代替真正做主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有：It is/was no use/gooddoing sth.; It is/was useless doing sth.; It's a waste of time doing sth.; It'sadj.for/of sb.to do sth.等。2非谓语动词中能做表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词做表语意为“令人感到的”，而过去分词做表语意为“本身感到的”。3非谓语动词中能做宾语的有动名词和不定式(1)只能跟动名词做宾语的动词和短语：suggest、 imagine、 mind、 admit、 practise、 risk、 keep、 keep on、 avoid、 escape、 enjoy、 consider、 finish、 miss、 insist on、 look forward to、 feel like、 get down to、 object to等。(2)只能跟不定式做宾语的动词和短语：wish、 hope、 decide、 refuse、 promise、 pretend、 manage、 want、 plan、 fail、 choose、 would like等。(3)既可跟动名词又可跟不定式做宾语的动词和短语：remember、 forget、 regret、 stop、 go on、 try等。Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed.睡觉前记得关灯。I remember reading about the earthquake in the newspaper.我记得在报纸上读过关于该地震的文章。二、非谓语动词做定语定语形式功能现在分词一般式doing表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中现在分词一般式的被动结构being done表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中过去分词done表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成动词不定式to do表示将要发生的动作动词不定式一般式的被动结构to be done表示将要被做的动作三、非谓语动词做状语1.不定式做状语不定式主要可以做目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。(1)在too . to do、 enough to do、 so/such . as to do结构中做状语表目的。·He is such a good teacher as to be respected by all his students.他是个如此好的老师，以至于受到他所有学生的尊敬。(2)在only/just to do结构中，表示出乎意料的结果。·He rushed to the station, only to find that the train had left.他匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。(3)在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.结构中做状语表原因。·He was surprised to be informed of the news.被告知这一消息，他感到吃惊。2分词做状语(1)v.ing形式：现在分词做状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且含有进行之意。(2)v.ed形式：过去分词做状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且含有完成之意。源于系表结构的部分过去分词做状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系，其前不用being，常见的有：seated (坐着的)、hidden (躲着)、devoted (专注的)、lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)、born in (出身于)、dressed in (穿着)、tired of (厌烦了)等。·Following the teacher, some students entered the classroom.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)·The teacher entered the classroom, followed by some students.(动词follow与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，与句中谓语动词所表示的动作基本同时发生)(3)having done/having been done强调分词的动作发生在句子的谓语动词表示的动作之前。·Not having finished my homework, I had to stay at home.(动词finish与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动词表示的动作发生) (4)有些分词或不定式短语做状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking 一般来说frankly speaking 坦白地说judging from/by 根据来判断to tell (you) the truth 说实话to begin/start with 起初；开始to be honest 诚实地说to make things/matters worse让事情变得更糟糕的是四、非谓语动词做补语1.有些动词和动词短语后接不定式做宾语补足语，形式为“动词(短语)宾语宾补(不定式)”。如：advise、 allow、 ask、 beg、 cause、 encourage、 expect、 forbid、 force、 invite、 persuade、 teach、 remind、 warn、 wish、 call on、 depend on等。·The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。2“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see、 watch、 observe、 notice、 look at、 hear、 listen to、 feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原)，doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。3make/have/get/keep/leave宾语补语宾补宾补动词宾语to doingdonemake宾语do×keep宾语×have宾语do/to do(区别：have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”；have sth. to do意为“有某事要做”，to do做后置定语)(表示主体使客体处于某种状态或一直做某事)(表示让别人做某事或让某事被做)get宾语leave宾语·Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔把行李进行了安检。4“with宾语宾补”结构(1)with名词/代词现在分词。现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。·He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼望着天空。(2)with名词/代词过去分词。过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。·With his hair cut, he looked much younger.理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(3)with名词/代词不定式。不定式表示动作尚未发生。切记：不定式在任何情况下都用主动形式，表示被动意义。·With a lot of homework to do, I can't go skating with you.因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。【专题训练】1阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Chinese Government 1. ( create) the Chinese Farmers Harvest Festival in 2018, 2. (make) it the first time that a national festival has been specially set up for farmers. The festival will be celebrated 3. (annual) on the autumnal equinox (秋分).The action shows the governments concern about agriculture and its people to draw the whole societys attention to Chinese farmers, 4. work hard to strengthen the countrys development.The festival falling on the autumnal equinox also shows respect 5. traditional 24 solar terms which 6. (follow) by Chinese people since about 2,200 years ago. Meanwhile, it mirrors Chinese peoples knowledge of seasonal changes in nature and their willingness to adapt to natural rules. Although climates and crops differ in 7. (difference) parts of China, most crops mature in autumn, and thus its the best time to celebrate the harvest.The festival 8. (accompany) by certain rituals (仪式) is especially important to China, an agricultural country with 9. (thousand) of years of history. A whole years hard work brings big harvests, filling fanners with joy. Not only will this festival celebrate harvests 10. it will be a reminder that more attention needs to be paid to agriculture and farmers, as well as traditional culture.2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Tied to skis (滑雪板) and pulled around a 11. (freeze) lake by a thoroughbred racehorseskijö ring is a sport like no other. The hardy skiers travel at frightening speeds, using just their voice and a set of rules to guide the horses around the icy track. The 12. (usual) sport is considered the showpiece event of the White Turf racesa wintery festival held at the upmarket ski resort of St. Moritz.The sport requires the ability to mix skiing talent 13. a high-level of horsemanship. “During the race you need a really strong voice,” two-time race winner Valeria Holinger told CNN Sport. “Only by shouting can you make the horse go 14. (fast) than others”.Competitors must wait until theyre 18 before 15. (allow) to participate in the event. Even then, driveras theyre knownmust pass fitness tests 16. hard theory examsfor good reason, too. Not only 17. (be) they traveling at incredible speeds, there is also the added danger of 18. (full) grown racehorses trampling (踩) on the skis. In addition, the speeding hooves (马蹄) kick up huge amounts of snow and ice 19. crash into the legs of the skiers behind.Such unique threats call for unique 20. (protect). Drivers are required to use face masks to keep the snow out of their eyes and wear body armor under their ski suits.3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A Relay Event Brings Diverse Cultures TogetherWhen Herman Kambugu received the good news he was expecting, he did something unusual. He ran for 32km in21. (celebrate).Kambugu , who works for the Standard Chartered Bank (StanChart) in Uganda, was among the over 86,000 employees around the world who had attempted 22. (take) part in a relay across Belt and Road countries as a way to see how the Belt and Road Initiative (一带一路)is developing. Kambugu and seven more of his coworkers in StanCharts offices around the world visited 44 destinations along the Belt and Road routes,23. helped them understand the initiative better.Kambugu 24. (witness) how the Belt and Road Initiative is changing life for 25. better in East Africa so far, “The Mombasa-Nairobi Railway has not only shortened transportation time, but also created over 20,000 jobs for local people in Kenya，”he said. Serena Leung from the Hong Kong office said26. she had seen during her journey impressed 27. (she). In some places, people greeted them in Mandarin. They spoke it 28. (fluently) than some people from Hong Kong，she said jokingly.“By running together, we run further，” added Therese Neo，a customer manager from the Singapore office. As she saw it, the countries 29. (participate) in the Belt and Road Initiative were like the 30. (runner). When they join forces, they have a better shared future.4阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China's research icebreaker Xuelong, 31. 126 crew members aboard on the 35th Antarctic research mission, on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on 32. (it) way back to China.Snow Eagle 601, China's first fixed-wing aircraft for polar flight, on Thursday night also departed from the Antarctic after 33. (complete)all assignments.Xuelong, 34. arrived near Zhongshan on Feb 9, supplied the station with fuel oil, and then picked up summer expedition team members at the Kunlun, Taishan and Zhongshan stations, as well as 35. (member)of the fixed-wing aircraft project.Sixteen members of the Kunlun team 36. ( previous) completed all scientific expeditions at Dome Argus (Dome A), the South Pole's highest icecap. They, together with 21 members of the Taishan team, 37. (return) to Zhongshan on Feb 8.The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of and tests for LiDAR, drilling of ice bed rock, atmospheric sounding 38. (observe), surveys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixed-wing aircraft.As the summer expedition team at Zhongshan left, 19 members would stay for winter expeditions.Also 39. (know） as the Snow Dragon, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail from Shanghai on Nov 2 last year, beginning 40. country's 35th Antarctic expedition. It is expected to arrive in Shanghai in mid-March.5阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。One night, 41. winter, a bear came into the city in Vancouver Canada. It walked through the city streets past houses, shops and offices. Then it 42. (find) some food in bins outside a restaurant and started eating. In the morning, someone saw the bear and called the police. The police came with a vet (兽医) from the city zoo. They put the bear in a lorry and took it to the mountains outside the city. 43. (lucky), the bear was safe. But 44. happens in other countries when big animals come into cities? In Vancouver it is unusual 45. (see) a bear, but in some cities you can see big animals on the city streets every day.Big animals usually come into cities to find food. In Cape Town in South Africa baboons (狒狒) come into the city when they are 46. (hunger). Human food is very bad for the baboons 47. (tooth) because it has a lot of sugar. Now, there are Baboon Monitors working in Cape Town. 48. (they) job is to find baboons in the city and return them to the countryside.In Berlin in Germany, pigs sometimes come into the city for food. They eat flowers and plants in parks and gardens. Sometimes they eat vegetables from gardens 49. they walk in the street, causing accidents. Some people like the pigs and they give them food and water to drink. Other people do not like the pigs and they want the government and the police to stop them 50. (enter) the city.6阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The first blockbuster (大片) of China set in space, “The Wandering Earth,” opens Tuesday during grand expectations 51. it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese filmmaking.“The Wandering Earth,” 52. (show) in 3-D, takes place in a distant future in which the sun is about to expand into a red giant and devour (吞噬) the Earth. It 53. (adapt) from works by Liu Cixin, the writer 54. has led a renaissance in science fiction here, 55. (become) the first Chinese winner of the Hugo Award in 2015. His novels are splendid and 56. (deep) researched. That makes 57. (they) reasonable fantasies about humanitys meeting with a dangerous universe. The openings also come as China reached a milestone in space: the landing of a probe on 58. far side of the moon in January. Although decades behind Russia and the United States, China has now put astronauts 59. orbit and has ambitious plans to joinor even leada new age of space exploration.“I think there is a very close 60. (connect) between Chinese cinema and the nations fortunes,” said Sha Dan, a curator at the China Film Archive.7阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Be cautious of Friday the 13th！Many people think the day is unlucky.61. （fortune）, there's only one Friday the 13th this year. As the legend goes，you should try not 62. （break）any mirrors，walk under a ladder，or even spill any salt. Why？Researchers say63. is tough to find out how the tradition came into being. Many believe it has 64. （religion）origins. In the Christian faith，there were 13 guests at table for the Last Supper，which was held the day before the Friday65. Jesus died. Now，Friday the 13h has become a cultural wonder. Many Americans avoid the number 13 all together，66. （include）hotel rooms and airplane seat assignments. It even costs couples less to get married on the day. There are many other67. （explain）behind the luckless day. Simon Bronner，a professor of American studies at Pennsylvania State. University，68. （believe）Friday the 13h is a way for people to pin their bad luck to a certain cause:. The fact should be69. there's nothing special about the number itself. After all，the number 13 70. （consider）to be lucky in some countries，like Italy8阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The 7th International Military Sports Council（CISM）Military World Games（世界军运会）will take place from Oct. 18 71. Oct. 27，2019 in Wuhan，capital city of 72. （center）China's Hubei Province.The games，the top sports gala for military personnel（军人），include 329 competition events of 27 kinds and are expected 73. （attract）around 8000 players from more than 100 74. （country）and regions.The games will be an international event with great importance and far-reaching influence and it will also be 75. opportunity for foreign military personnel