专题04-代词（原卷版）-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx

考点04 代词（原卷版）【命题趋势】在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近年来，高考重点考查人称代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来填出代词的正确形式。因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。【重要考向】一、人称代词；二、指示代词；三、不定代词；四、反身代词；五、代词it；考向一 人称代词【典例】【2021全国新高考卷语法填空】As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in _ (I).【人称代词提分秘籍】一般地说人称代词作主语用其主格；作宾语用其宾格；作定语用其形容词性物主代词；用名词性物主代词以代替“形容词性物主代词名词”。但口语中，在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。1用于无谓语的句子中Does any of you know why Jack hasnt come yet?你们有谁知道杰克怎么还没有到？Me.我。答语如果带谓语，就得用主格，如：I can.和I do，too./So do I.2表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等情绪Do you have good eyesight，young man?年轻人，你的视力好吗？Me? I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away.我？我能看见一只两百步外的云雀。What? Me fight a big chap like him? Not me!什么？我同像他那样的大个子打架？不会是我！3代替as，than等连词之后的主格(多用于口语中，尤其用于句末)Im not as tall as him (he)我没有他个子高。She is much more careful than me (I)她比我细心得多。当这类人称代词带有all，both等同位语时，用宾格的形式就更为常见了。如：He works harder than us all.他比我们所有人学习都刻苦。人称代词的格易错的几种情况：(1)那边的那座房子是属于我的。The house over there belongs to me.(这里学生易受汉语“我的”影响而误用mine。)(2)这个秘密只有你和我知道。The secret can be kept between you and me.x.kw(学生易受其前的you的影响而误用I。)(3)在闲暇之余我坚持自修英语。I insist on teaching myself English in my spare time.(学生易把宾语位置上的myself误用成me。)考向二 指示代词【典例】【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】The flowing water joins here to form it. On average, the evaporation (蒸发) there is more than 60 times _of the annual rainfall.【指示代词提分秘籍】1this/these，that/thosethis，these指代下面要说的内容；that，those指代上面陈述过的内容。如：来源:Z.xx.k.ComWhat Id like to say about how to improve our spoken English is like this.关于如何提高我们的英语口语，我想说的如下。Thats all. Thank you.我的话完了。谢谢。(多用于演讲、口头通知的结束语)Salaries are higher here than those in my hometown.这里的薪水比我家乡的高。2一些习惯说法中this和that的用法比较固定Whos that？你是谁？(打电话用语)This is Mary.我是Mary。(打电话用语)Thats all right/OK.不用谢。(对感谢的答语)Thats nothing.没什么。(对道歉的答语)Thats that.就这么定了。(表示决定不能更改)Thats all.就这些了。That is.那就是3this，that有时可以用作副词，意为“这么，那么”，用在形容词或副词前作状语，表示程度It isnt all that cold.还没冷到那个程度。考向三 不定代词【典例】【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】She has composed several songs, including _ called the “Little dog in Dream"， where she imagined her life with the company of a guide. 【名词作定语提分秘籍】类别例词代替可数名词one, each, (a) few, many, both, another, either, neither代替不可数名词来源:Z&xx&k.Commuch, (a) little既可代替可数名词，也可代替不可数名词none, any, other, all, some复合不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything几组易混不定代词：1some类不定代词与any类不定代词(1)some类不定代词多用于肯定句中；any类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。如：Raise your hands if you have any questions.如果你们有问题，请举手。(2)但在表示客气的请求或不表示怀疑或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中，要用some类的不定代词。如：Would you like something to drink?你要喝点什么吗？(3)any类的不定代词用在肯定句中，表示“任何(一个)；任何事情；无论什么”。如：She promised that she could do anything for you.她许诺能为你做任何事情。2. all, both, neither, none(1)all指三者或三者以上“都”，both指两者“都”。如：Both (of) his hands were wounded.他的两只手都受伤了。All (of) his fingers were wounded.他的手指都受伤了。(多于两个手指)(2)neither表示“两个都不”，常和of连用，放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数名词之前，作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数或复数；none表示三个或三个以上“都不”，可用于人，也可用于物，后可接of短语，与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语，指人时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可；指物时，只用第三人称单数形式。如：Neither of the twins is/are correct.那两个双胞胎都不正确。None of us has/have ever been to the Great Wall.我们没有人去过长城。3. any, either, each, every(1)any一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。用在肯定句中，以加强语气，表示“任一”的概念；也可以用来修饰可数名词单数，表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。如：He has a better knowledge of physics than any one of us.他掌握的物理知识比我们任何一个的都好。以any开头的句子不可以用not来表示否定。如“Any child cant do that.”应改为：No child can do that.(2)either作代词，表示两者中的任何一个。如：Im afraid that either of them will not agree to this arrangement.我担心他们两人中有一个会不同意这样的安排。(3)each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的“每个”，侧重指个体，each作代词时常与of短语连用；every指三个或三个以上的人或物中的“每个”，有“所有，无一例外”的含义，相当于all，不能用作代词。试比较：Each of us has his own likes and dislikes.我们各有各的好恶。We want every child to succeed.我们希望每个孩子都成功。4. no，none, nothing, nobody(1)no不能单独使用，相当于not a(any)或not at all，作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：You have no sympathy for the sufferings of others.你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。(2)none既可以指人，也可以指物，侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物，用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句，可与介词of连用。如：None of the books is suitable for the young.这些书没有一本适合年轻人读。How many people are there in the room?屋内有多少人？None.没人。(3)nobody指人，用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物，用于回答what引导的疑问句。如：Who is in the room？谁在屋内？Nobody.没有人。Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。(3)nobody指人，用于回答who引导的疑问句；nothing指物，用于回答what引导的疑问句。如：Who is in the room？谁在屋内？Nobody.没有人。Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。5another, other, others, more(1)another既可以单独使用，也可以用于单数名词前，泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外某一个人或物”。还可以用“another数量词复数名词”，表示“再，又”。如：Was there another way out?还有别的路可以出去吗？Wed better wait another five minutes.我们最好再等五分钟。表示“另外一个学生”只能用another student，不能说成another one student。(2)other不能单独使用，应用于复数名词前，表示另外的某些人或物，也可以用在some，any，no之后，或具体数词之后，再接名词，构成“不定代词或具体数词other名词”；接单数名词，还可以用在冠词the后，特指两个人或物中的另外一个(可以省略为the other)，或特指另外的某些人或物(可以省略为the others)，others泛指“其他的(事物)，别人”。如：One remained and the other went away.一个留下了，另一个走了。We should learn to treat others as equals.我们应该学会平等待人。注意在固定结构中的理解。another day改天；the other day几天前。(3)more既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。一般放在some，any，much，many等不定代词及具体数词之后，构成“不定代词或具体数词more名词”。如：We need a few more.我们还需要几个。如果后面没有名词，我们一般使用“不定代词或具体数词others”或“不定代词或具体数词more”。6something，anything，everything，nothing(1)something一般用于肯定句中，也可以用于表示邀请、征询意见的委婉问句中。如：Could you do something for me?请为我做点事好吗？(2)anything用在否定句、疑问句或条件句中。如：There isnt anything inside.里面什么也没有。(3)everything意为“一切事物”，可用于肯定句或疑问句中。用于否定句时，表示部分否定，全部否定要用nothing或not anything。如：I hope everything goes well.我希望一切顺利。Money isnt everything.金钱并非是万能的。(4)nothing表示“什么也没有”，常用于陈述句，表示否定意义，不能与否定词连用。如：He said nothing when he heard the news.他听到这个消息时，什么都没有说。(1)somebody/someone，anybody/anyone，everybody/ everyone，nobody/no one的用法同上。(2)复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数；被形容词或其他的定语修饰时，定语要后置。考向四 反身代词【典例】【2021浙江卷6月语法填空】Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of _（she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order.【反身代词提分秘籍】1反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语、并列主语，以及名词、代词的同位语The text itself is very easy.这篇课文本身很简单。(主语的同位语)(Either) Jane or yourself will go there.要么Jane去，要么你亲自去。(作并列主语，但不能单独作主语)2主语与宾语是同一个人时，应当用反身代词teach oneself, enjoy oneself, help oneself, throw oneself, look after oneself, say to oneself3在系动词后作表语，常用于否定句，表示身体不适I dont know whats the matter with me. Im not myself today.4用在交际英语中Help yourself！随便吃！(宴请礼仪)自己拿吧！(借物用语)Make yourself at home！别客气！Dont upset yourself！别自寻烦恼了！5辨别几组搭配by oneself独自，单独；for oneself独自地，靠自己的力量；of oneself自动地；to oneself独占，独用考向五代词it【典例】【2018全国卷语法填空】If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _ a try.【代词it提分秘籍】在英语中，运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类：1指代作用(1)用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数或不可数名词)。如：Although we cannot see it，there is air all around us.虽然我们看不见空气，但它却在我们的周围。(2)代替前面的整个句子。如：It is said that he has died of a disease, but it isnt true.据说他已经病死了，但这不是真的。(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。如：What is this？这是什么？Its a bike.是自行车。(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如：The baby cried because it was hungry.婴儿哭是因为饿了。(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)Who is knocking at the door？谁在敲门？Its me.是我。(5)指环境、情形等。如：I cant stand it any longer.我再也不能容忍这种情况了。Take it easy.别紧张。It doesnt matter.没关系。(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如：Its getting colder and colder now.现在越来越冷了。It is winter now.现在是冬天了。2形式作用来源:Zxxk.Com(1)形式主语当动词不定式、v­ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。如：Its very kind of you to repair the machine for us.谢谢你为我们修理这台机器。It is no use asking himhe doesnt know anything.问他没有用他什么也不知道。It appeared that nothing could make him give up.看来他无论如何也不肯放弃。【特别提醒】(1)不要与there is no.“没有”混淆。试比较：Its no good worrying about it like that.像那样担心它没有好处。There is no need/time/chance to worry about it like that.没有必要/时间/机会像那样担心它。(2)形式主语与主句间不用逗号分隔；as引导前置定语从句时，与主句间不能用that连接，必须用逗号隔开。不要把这两个相似的结构混淆。如：众所周知，地球是圆的。误As is known to us that the earth is round.正It is known to us that the earth is round.正As is known to us, the earth is round.(2)形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v­ing形式或宾语从句时，往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。如：You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious.你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the requirement.他们认为向客人提出要求是很困难的。【特别提醒】形式宾语用在“主语谓语动词宾语”结构中，谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接由if或when等引导的从句时，往往在从句前加形式宾语it。如：I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.如果你能支付现金的话，我将感激不尽。The boy likes it when you do that.那个男孩喜欢你那样做。3强调作用it可以用来改变句子的结构，使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was所强调的成分that/who/whom其他成分。(具体用法请参阅第12讲特殊句式)1.【2021全国乙卷语法填空】Ecotourism has _(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. 2.【2020全国卷语法填空】Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether_ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.3.【2020新高考全国卷语法填空】As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟）and imagine _（they） living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest. 4.【2018全国卷语法填空】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find_ (they) alive. 5.【2018浙江卷6月语法填空】Many westerners that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out. 6.【2018浙江卷11月语法填空】One cup of coffee in the late afternoon or evening will cause _ (they) to stay awake almost all night. 7.【2017全国卷语法填空】However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_every day.8.【2017浙江卷11月语法填空】Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and _ (they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words learnt this way in conversations almost automatically.1.【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】It spread around quickly and tens of thousands of people were infected. Zhong, 84, led_ (he) team to fight the illness.2. 【福建省龙岩市2021届高三质检】Many companies showed interest in hiring Liang, but Liang committed_ (he) to his former job as a teacher in Chongqing Technician College of Railway Transportation, as well as a coach in the Chinese Training Base in Electronics for WSC located in the same school.3.【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质量检测】Chinas writing system forms a strong bridge linking the Chinese people and culture of the present with _ (that) of the past.4.【湖北省八市2021届高三联考】I was very touched when Shanghai set up a hotline for foreigners to help _ (they) during the crisis.5.【河北省衡水中学2021届高三联考】Some spiders start breaking _ (they) nets during the eclipse, just as they usually do at the end of the day.6.【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】In an effort to help teens better protect their hearing, we suggest setting volume limits on personal audio devices. _is also good to limit the amount of time exposed to noise and to take listening breaks to give the ears a rest.7.【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】As the third solar term in the lunar year, _ (it) name suggests the fact that animals sleeping in winter are awakened by spring thunder and that the earth begins to come back to life.8.【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】Therefore, kite has _ (it) modern name as fengzheng.9.【福建省福州市2021届高三一模】When _ comes to someone who gains a great achievement through hard work, people often use “niu”, meaning “awesome”, to describe him or her.10.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三模拟】Dahlquist had always delighted in listening to the baby birds chirp(鸟叫)to_ (they) parents during feeding time.11.【重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三模拟】The road _（it）has already been completed, and now its only a matter of connecting the grid（输电网）, which is expected to be finished by the end of the year alongside the completion of the Jinan Expressways south section.12.【辽宁省辽西地区2021届高三大联考】Even in high-tech Japan, _is possible to see businessmen, farmers, mothers or workers in the streets on their bikes.13.【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】Tests have been carried out at several airports since last year, including John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York. The company hopes to put_ in airports around the world.14.【江苏省南通市通州区2021届高三质量监测】Involving _ (you) in an activity that makes you breathe a little more heavily will improve the development of your heart and lungs and help them work more effectively and efficiently. 15.【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】In 1995, Dr. Madan Kataria called on a group of students in a park to test whether adding regular laughter to peoples lives would improve_ (they) well-being, Kataria also introduced deep breathing and simple yoga moves into the exercises.16.【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】Gabi Rizea only discovered his talent for woodcarving three years ago, and put _ to good use, saving dozens of old tree stumps from being removed by turning them into impressive works of art.17.【河北省2021届高三模拟】Its mass is more than twice than _of all the other planets in. the solar system combined.