专题07-非谓语动词（原卷版）-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx

考点07 非谓语动词（原卷版）【命题趋势】非谓语动词是动词的变体，是为了满足动词作除了谓语之外的其他成分而产生的。从该意义上来说，非谓语动词是动词的升级版本，弥补了动词的先天不足。在语法填空和短文改 错题中，这是必考考点之一，非常重要。根据非谓语动词类 别及功能，在单项填空题中以考查非谓语动词作状语和定语 为主，作主语和表语也是考查重点之一。 2017年高考在单项填空题中会继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，而且分词作状语和定语仍是考查的重点，对于不定式考查热度仍然不减，尤其是不定式作状语和定语的用法。 【重要考向】一、非谓语动词作状语；二、非谓语动词作定语；三、非谓语动词作宾语；四、非谓语动词作宾补；五、非谓语动词作主语和表语；考向一 非谓语动词作状语【典例】【2021全国乙卷语法填空】Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim _ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.【非谓语动词作状语提分秘籍】1不定式作状语表示结果、目的(可与so as to/in order to替 换，但是so as to不可置于句首)或原因(表示原因只用在表示 喜、怒、哀、乐等表语形容词后)。 2分词作状语：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表 示 的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词 作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑 上的被动关系。现在分词作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果;不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only。 3部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦的)，faced with(面对着)。 【特别提醒】动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语用的形容词easy，hard，difficult，pleasant，good，fit，comfortable等后面作状语，构成“主语be形容词不定式”结构，在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。考向二 非谓语动词作定语【典例】【2019全国卷语法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene declared she had no plans _（retire） from her 36-year-old business.【非谓语动词作定语提分秘籍】1现在分词作定语 现在分词的主动式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上 的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。现在分词的被动式 作定语与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，表示该动 作被动和进行。 2过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系,并表示该动作的被动或完成。 3不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式 是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 (2)被修饰的名词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语，常见的抽 象名词：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。 (3) the first，the second，the last，the next，the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词或代词时，常用不定式作定语。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。 【方法技巧】非谓语动词作定语是一个非常重要的考点，考生在做此类 试题时要从动作发生的时间、动作与主语的主谓或动 宾关系上着手去判断.要解答好这类题目可按下列步骤进行: 第一步：判断该动词与被修饰的名词之间的关系。 若是动宾关系就要用表示被动的非谓语动词(过去分词、动词v.ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式)，若是主谓关系则用动词v.ing形式的主动式或动词不定式的主动式。 第二步：看动作发生的时间。 若表示将来，用不定式；若表示动作正在进行用现在分词;若表示动作已经完成或结束，用过去分词。 考向三 非谓语动词作宾语【典例】【2021全国甲卷语法填空】After _ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!【非谓语动词作宾语提分秘籍】1只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，help，prepare，decide，refuse，choose，wish，hope，want，expect，fail，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，claim，hesitate， happen等。 2只接v.ing形式作宾语的动词：admit，avoid，consider，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。 3接不定式与接v.ing形式有显著区别的动词：(1)try to do 尽力做；try doing 试着去 做；(2) mean to do 打 算做；mean doing 意味着；(3) regret to do 遗憾 要 去做；regret doing后悔做过；(4) remember to do 记得去做；remember doing记得做过；(5) forget to do忘记做过；forget doing 忘记做了。 4动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法 相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。 5介词后一般要接v.ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。 We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。 What a poor memory！I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。 考向四 非谓语动词作宾补【典例】【2020全国卷语法填空】They make great gift and you see them many times _ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.【非谓语动词作宾补提分秘籍】1现在分词作宾补 现在分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该 动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，并且现在分词作宾补强调正 在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官 动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。 I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. 我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。 He had the light burning all night，which made his parents very angry. 他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。 Its wrong to leave the computer working. 让电脑一直开着是不对的。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 对不起让你久等了。 I found a number of people already working there. 我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。 2过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动 词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动 词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear， listen，feel)，使役动词(have，make，let，get)，find， leave，keep等。 When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home. 当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。 You should keep me informed of his whereabouts. 你应该让我了解他的行踪。 The old found his hometown much changed. 这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。 He left much work unfinished because he was ill. 因为生病，他留下许多工作未做。 3不定式作宾补 (1)常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow， ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid， force，get，invite，leave，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，warn，wish，call on，depend upon等。 (2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：help，使役动词(make，have，let)，感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用 于 被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符 号to 可 以 省略，也可以保留。 We hurriedly ended the meeting，leaving many problems to be settled. 我们匆忙结束了会议，留下很多问题要解决。 4with宾语宾补 (1)with宾语doing(表示主动且进行) (2)with宾语done(表示被动且完成) (3)with宾语to do(表示将来) The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后 面跟着。 John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的 工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。 With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time. 因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。考向五非谓语动词作主语和表语【典例】【2021全国甲卷语法填空】It is possible _ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.【非谓语动词作主语和表语提分秘籍】1非谓语动词作主语 不定式作主语表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作 ；v. ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或v.ing形式后置。下列句型常用v.ing形式作主语：It is/was no use/no good/of little use (good) doing sth.。 Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。 It is no good learning without practice. xk+w只学习不实践没有好处。 Its not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary. 学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。 2非谓语动词作表语 ving形式作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征；不定 式 作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。 What she likes is watching children play. 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。 His ambition is to go Harvard University. 他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。 1.【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large _ (compare) to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes older than before. 2.【2021浙江卷语法填空】In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries _ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. 3.【2021浙江卷语法填空】This may be due to some disadvantages for people _ (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.4.【2020全国卷语法填空】Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 _ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.5.【2018全国卷语法填空】Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.6.【2020全国卷语法填空】They represent the earth _ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.7.【2020全国卷语法填空】They are easy _ (care) for and make great presents.8.【2020全国卷语法填空】The next morning he hired a boat and set out _ (find) the well-known painter. 9.【2020全国卷语法填空】He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds _(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 10.【2020新高考全国卷语法填空】As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟）and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or_（walk）through a rainforest. 11.【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology_（change）lives. 12.【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】Later, they learned to work with the seasons , planting at the right time and, in dry areas, _（make）use of annual floods to irrigate（灌溉）their fields. 13.【2020浙江卷7月语法填空】Something significant is happening to the world population it is aging. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30 today it is 41 and is expected _ (increase) to 42 by 2050. 14.【2019全国卷语法填空】Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _ (perform) consistently over a large area. 15. 【2019全国卷语法填空】Scientists have responded by _ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are. 16.【2019全国卷语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for_be）Britain's oldest full-time employee still working 40 hours a week.17.【2019全国卷语法填空】When we got a call _（say） she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. 18.【2019全国卷语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take _（get）there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.19.【2019全国卷语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，_（listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals.20.【2019浙江卷6月语法填空】When the children are walking or _ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.21.【2019浙江卷6月语法填空】But some students didn't want _ (wear) the uniform. 22.【2018全国卷语法填空】You dont have to run fast or for long _ (see) the benefit.23.【2018全国卷语法填空】You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ (die) early by running.24.【2018全国卷语法填空】To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. 25.【2018全国卷语法填空】The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _ (improve) water quality. 26.【2018全国卷语法填空】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64._ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 65._ (challenge).27.【2018全国卷语法填空】He was just saying: "Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _ (stay)and watch.28.【2018浙江卷6月语法填空】I still remember _ (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. 29.【2018浙江卷11月语法填空】Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem _ (call) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you cant sleep.30.【2018浙江卷11月语法填空】One study showed that women who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely_ (have) children with birth defects.31.【2017全国卷语法填空】They are required _ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 32.【2017全国卷语法填空】This included digging up the road, _ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. 33.【2017全国卷语法填空】But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term _ (rest). 34.【2017全国卷语法填空】But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants _ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 35.【2017浙江卷11月语法填空】This isn't as hard as it sounds., and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while _ (read) an interesting piece of literature.36.【2017浙江卷11月语法填空】Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and their use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words _ (learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.37.【2017浙江卷语法填空】Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring _ (cook) a meal. 1.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三仿真】A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 36._ (be) Britains oldest full-time employee still 37._ (work) 40 hours a week. 【参考答案】36.考查非谓语动词。句意：一位90岁的老人被授予“年度女性”称号，因为她是英国年龄最大的全职员工，每周工作40小时。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“has been awarded”且句中无连词，故应用be的非谓语动词形式，句中for为介词，后应接动名词作宾语，应用be的动名词being。故填being。37考查非谓语动词。句意：一位90岁的老人被授予“年度女性”称号，因为她是英国年龄最大的全职员工，每周工作40小时。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“has been awarded”且句中无连词，故应用work的非谓语动词形式，work意为“工作”，动词词性，句子主语“A 90-year-old”与work之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用work的现在分词working。故填working。2.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三仿真】I dont see any reason _ (give) up work.40考查非【参考答案】非谓语动词。句意：艾琳说：“我看不出有什么理由放弃工作。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“see”且句中无连词，故应用give的非谓语动词，reason意为“原因，理由”，为抽象名词，后接动词不定式作后置定语，“the reason to do sth.”意为“做某事的理由”，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填to give。3.【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】In early 2020,a disease _ (call)COVID-19 hit Wuhan.【参考答案】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知call在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语disease构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填called。4.【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】Zhong's team took many measures _ (cure)the patients with COVID-19.【参考答案】考查非谓语动词。take measures to do sth “采取措施做某事”为固定短语。故填to cure。5.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】People in China have used an ancient counting tool _ (perform) mathematical operations.【参考答案】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人使用古老的计数工具进行数学运算。短语use sth. to do sth.“使用做”，故填to perform。6.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】The Chinese calculators name is “suanpan”, but it is known as “abacus” in English. Invented by Liu Hong, abacus is one of the symbols of Chinese peoples wisdom _ (date) back to the 12th century.【参考答案】考查非谓语动词。句意：算盘能追溯到12世纪，是刘洪发明的，算盘是中国人智慧的象征之一。分析句子可知，空格前句子完整，date用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语abacus构成主动关系，应用现在分词，故填dating。7.【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】The air flow sends the sand at the foot back to the top of the sand mountain, _ (save) the Crescent Spring from being destroyed by quicksand.【参考答案】考查非谓语动词。句意：气流把脚下的沙子送回了沙山的山顶，使月牙泉免遭流沙的破坏。分析句子可知，设空后及其之后内容在句中作状语，应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语The air flow和动词save为主谓关系，所以save用现在分词。故填saving。8.【辽宁百校联盟2021届高三质监】It's reported that the materials can generate about 5.8 million kilowatt- hours of electricity for the station, _ (save) about 1,800 tonnes of coal. 【参考答案】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，这些材料可以为该电站发电580万千瓦时，节省约1800吨煤。分析句子结构可知save在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与上文整个句子构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填saving。9.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】On March 2, when the 27-year-old Chinese striker (前锋) helped his team to a 3-1 win over Real Valladolid, Wu became the first player from an Asian country_ (score) a goal in Spain's top league.【参考答案】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。当动词修饰的中心词前有序数词时，应用不定式做后置定语。故填to score。10.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】And _ (give) that he's already opened a new chapter for Chinese soccer in Europe, the chances are that Wu has even more surprises in store for us.【参考答案】考查固定搭配。句意：鉴于他已经为中国足球在欧洲开启了新篇章，吴磊很可能还会给我们带来更多惊喜。根据句意可知，此处是固定搭配given that表示“鉴于”。故填given。11.【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】At the delivery ceremony in Beijing last Satur