专题06阅读理解之史地人文类--备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（通用版）【解析版】.doc

专题06 史地人文类序号内容Part 1题型总览题型综述 技巧点拨 读相关词Part 2真题感悟真题详解 强重难词 析长难句.Part 3专题强化真题自测 新题模拟Part 1题型总览【题型综述】史地人文类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况。文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件、历史年代。本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。通过这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。 【技巧点拨】命题以细节题为主，有一定的主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。【读相关词】1. attackvt.进攻；袭击  2. disappear vi.消失 disappearancen.消失；失踪 3. escape vi.逃跑  4. feedvt.喂养；饲养；靠为生；向提供  5. local adj.当地的 locate vt.把设置(在)；使坐落(于)  location n.地点；位置 6. native adj.本地的；本国的 7. raise vt.饲养；提高  8. range n.山脉；vi.排列；延伸 9. ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭；n.废墟；毁灭  10. strike v.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到 11. threaten vt.威胁；恐吓 threat n.威胁 12.abolish vt. 废除  13.aggression n.侵略 aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻击性的 14.betray vt. 出卖；泄露机密  15.distribute vt. 发放；分发 distribution n.分配；配给 16.drought n .干旱 17.dynasty n .朝代  18.erupt vi.(火山) 爆发；喷发 eruptionn.爆发  19.frighten vt. 使惊恐 frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的 frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的 20.foggy adj. 有雾的 fog n.雾  21.freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的 freezevi.&vt.将冷冻，冻僵 frozen adj.结冰的，冷冻的 22.geography n .地理  23.historic adj. 历史的；有历史意义的 history n.历史 historical adj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的  24.historical adj. 与历史有关的 25.incident n .事变 26.independence n .独立 27.invade vt. 侵略 28.monument n .纪念碑 29.mountainous adj. 多山的 30.occupy vt. 占领；使忙碌 31.origin n .起源；由来 32.religion n .宗教 33.religious adj. 宗教的 34.remote adj. 偏远的；偏僻的 35.racial adj. 种族的 36.revolution n .革命 37.sacrifice vt. 牺牲 38.shortage n .缺乏39.shower n .阵雨；淋浴  40.supply vt. 提供；供应；n. 供应；供给 41.terrifyvt. 使恐怖  42.urban adj. 城市的；都市的 43.weapon n .武器  44.geography地理45.mineral 矿藏，矿物质46 .southeastern东南方的47.northwestern西北方的48.urban architecture城市建筑49.the art gallery艺术长廊50.悠久历史have a long history/with a long history51.矿产资源mineral resource52.城市规划urban planning53.城镇人口urban population 54.追溯到date back to 55.占地面积7 434 平方公里cover an area of 7，434 square kilometres56.人口超过600万have a population of over 6 million/with a population of more than 6 million.57.2 200年的悠久历史have a history of 2，200 years/with a history of 2，200 yearsPart 2真题感悟Passage 1【真题详解】【2020天津卷5月】Studying a subject that you feel pointless is never a fun or easy task. If you're studying history, asking yourself the question "why is history important "is a very good first step. History is an essential part of human civilization. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history. History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide. History enriches our experience. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.History makes us more empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying history can give us insight （洞察力）into why our culture does certain things, and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures. Fear and hate for others is usually caused by ignorance （无知）. We're scared of the things that we don't understand. History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.History can inspire us to learn more. what's fantastic about history is the way it broadens our horizons. It's almost impossible to learn about one historical period without having dozens of questions about related concepts. Study the 19th century England, and you might catch a glimpse of Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Look up Charles Dickens, and you might learn a thing or two about realism. Or maybe you end up switching your attention away from novels, and discover the history of romantic poets in England. It can go anywhere, and there is something in there for absolutely anybody. The value of history cannot be underestimated. We don't have to live in the past, but we can definitely do better by learning from it and using the lessons learnt to lead more meaningful lives.1.The underlined part "where we are today" in Para. 2 probably means _.A. the turning point in our historyB. the present state of our nationC. the location of our homelandD. the total area of our country2. According to the experts, why is history useful for people to handle challenges of life?A. The problems at present are similar to those in the past.B. Ancient people laid economic foundations for people today.C. The current challenges of life were predicted by the ancestors.D. People living long time ago knew more about how to solve problems.3. What can be concluded from Para.4?A. It is difficult to get rid of cultural barriers.B. People are willing to accept foreign cultures.C. Cultural conflicts in history are difficult to ignore.D. History helps us improve our cross-cultural awareness.4. With the example in Para.5, the writer intends to show that_.A. Charles Dickens contributes much to British literature.B. Oliver Twist can satisfy our curiosity for romantic poets.C. reading novels is a way to learn about a historical period.D. studying history can arouse people's interest in other fields.5. What could be the best title for the passage?A. How to Build Cultural IdentityB. Why Studying History MattersC. Know the Past, Know the PresentD. History: a Way to Broaden Horizons【答案】1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B【解析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。1.猜测词义题。根据上句learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )into our ancestral pasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的where we are today指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据第三段According to the experts, problems faced by people regardless of the past and present are the same. With the information about the ancestors, one can become more experienced in handling challenges of life.可知专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们面临的问题都是一样的。有了祖先的信息，我们在处理生活中的挑战时会更有经验。故选A。3.推理判断题。根据第四段中It also provides a rather strong foundation for empathy across cultures和History has the potential to break down those boundaries by offering us insight into entire worlds that would otherwise be foreign to us.可知历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础，历史有可能打破对未知事物的恐惧和憎恨，为我们提供洞悉整个世界的机会。由此推之历史帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故选D。4.推理判断题。根据第五段标题是 History can inspire us to learn more:(历史可以激励我们学习更多),下面列举了阅读Oliver Twist的例子,通过Oliver Twist我们能去了解作者 Charles Dickens,还可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西，会发现英国浪漫主义诗人的历史。作者通过这个例子是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。故选D。5.主旨大意题。根据第一段If you're studying history, asking yourself the question" why is history important" is a very good first step.提到学历史前先问自己为什么历史重要。下文分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后一段总结扣题说明学历史的意义历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。故Why Studying History Matters?能概括全文内容。故选B。【强重难词】1. ancestral adj. 祖先的；祖传的2. evolution n. 演变；进化论；进展3. insight n. 洞察力；洞悉4. empathy n. 神入；移情作用；执着；感同身受；共鸣5. ignorance n. 无知，愚昧；不知，不懂6. underestimate vt. 低估；看轻n. 低估7. definitely adv. 清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地8. concept n. 观念，概念9. switch your attention 转换注意力10. feel pointless觉得毫无意义11. human civilization人类文明12. History grounds us in our roots 历史扎根于我们13. have the potential to do sth.有潜力做14. reflect on仔细考虑，思考；反省；回想，回顾；怀疑【析长难句】1. You will find something here that will arouse your interest, or get you thinking about the significance of history. 【解析】这是一个主从复合句。that引导的是一个定语从句，它做从句的主语，整个定语从句修饰前面的something；or连接的是两个并列谓语，即find something here和 get you thinking about 。【译文】“你会在这里发现一些会引起你的兴趣或让你思考历史意义的东西。【仿写】_2. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse（一瞥）into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where we are today. 【解析】这是一个主从复合句。and连接的是两个并列句History is an 和 learning the history .；其中第二个并列句中又有一个and连接的how we got to where we are today.的宾语从句。【译文】“历史是一个重要而有趣的研究领域，学习我们祖国的历史可以让我们更深刻、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，以及我们是如何走到今天的。【仿写】_3. Reading history is an amazing experience because it enables us to reflect on the social and economic life of the people living long time ago【解析】这是一个主从复合句。主句中的an amazing experience是令人吃惊的经历，because引导的是原因状语从句，其中reflect on是反思的意思。【译文】阅读历史是一种奇妙的体验，因为它能让我们反思很久以前人们的社会和经济生活。【仿写】_Passage 2【真题详解】【2020·全国新课标3】With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think its a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”Its hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husbands family when they get married.28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?A. Nick. B. Rita.C. KathrynD. The daughters.29. What is Nicks attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law?A. Positive.B. Carefree.C. Tolerant.D. Unwilling.30. What is the authors statement about multigenerational family based on?A. Family traditions.B. Financial reports. C. Published statistics. D. Public opinions.31. What is the text mainly about?A. Lifestyles in different countries.B. Conflicts between generations.C. A housing problem in Britain.D. A rising trend of living in the UK.【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.D【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。28.细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。29.推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。30.细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。【强重难词】1. isolation n.孤独2. multigenerational adj. 几代人的3. indicate v. 表明；指示，显示4. varieties of 各种各样的5. be more firmly rooted in 深深地扎根于6. from my standpoint,从我的立场来看7. float the idea 提出一个想法【析长难句】 1. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.【解析】破折号后的 one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.是对前一句的解释；living together under the same roof为现在分词作状语修饰前面的families。【译文】四年前，他们全都搬进了布里斯托尔的一栋三层维多利亚式住宅英国越来越多的几世同堂的家庭之一。【仿写】_2. With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.【解析】With the young unable to .是with+n.+to do的复合结构，做状语。【译文】由于年轻人无法负担离开家的费用和老年人面临的孤独，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。【仿写】_3. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.【解析】where引导的定语从句修饰前面的parts of the world。【译文】这样的故事在世界上多代人生活更为常见，而且多代人同住的观念在这些地区的人中根深蒂固。【仿写】_Part 3专题强化Passage 1【真题自测】【2018年新课标卷III】Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port