专题03 阅读理解之人物传记类--备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（通用版）【原卷版】.doc

专题03 人物传记类序号内容Part 1题型总览题型综述 技巧点拨 读相关词Part 2真题感悟真题详解 强重难词 析长难句.Part 3专题强化真题自测 新题模拟Part 1题型总览【题型综述】人物传记类阅读理解在近年高考中频繁出现，主要以介绍科学家、文学家等杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，尤其注重介绍这些杰出人物如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的各种困难。体裁一般是记叙文，写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。【技巧点拨】人物传记类文章多为记叙文，命题以细节为主，推理为辅。应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。阅读时，我们可以先浏览题干，看一下哪几道题是有关细节理解的，抓住题干关键词，然后再到文章中查找并阅读与之有关的句子。【读相关词】1. wisdom n智慧；明智2. intelligent adj. 聪明的；智能的3. gifted adj. 有才能的4. outgoing adj. 爱交际的；外向的5. outstanding adj. 杰出的6. virtue n美德；正直的品行7. optimistic adj. 乐观主义的8. achievement n成就；成绩；功绩9. admire v. 钦佩；欣赏10. attractive adj. 有魅力的11. confident adj. 自信的12. enthusiastic adj. 热情的13. creative adj. 富有创造力的14. energetic adj. 精力旺盛的15. biography n.传记16. autobiography n. 自传;自传体小说17. fantasy n. 想象;幻想;幻想作品18. novelist n. 小说家19. event n. 重要的事;重大事件;赛事;演艺会20. incident n. 生活中印象深刻的小事;不寻常或不愉快的小事;政治事件/事变21. witness v. 当场看到;目击22. witness n. 目击者;见证人23. intellectual a.脑力的;推理的;有智慧的24. talented/gifted a. 有才艺的25. personable a .品貌兼优的26. brilliant a. 绝妙的;明亮的;才华横溢的27. approachable a. 和蔼可亲的;浅显易懂的28. demanding a. 要求高的;要求急严的29. absent-minded a. 心不在焉的30. conservative a. 保守的;守旧的31. know-all a. 博学多知的32. sense of humour 幽默感33. be ready to 乐于34. modest and honest 谦虚诚实35. adapt (oneself) to 适应于36. have difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难37. be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事38. be regarded as 被认为是39. have a gift for 在方面有天赋40. work hard at 努力做41. devote one's life to 致力于42. graduate from 从毕业43. taken an active part in 积极参加44. open­minded and optimistic 乐观开朗45. be admitted to 被录取；考入46. go abroad for further studies 出国深造47. be honored for 因而受到尊敬Part 2真题感悟Passage 1【真题详解】【2020·天津卷】 “They tell me that youd like to make a statue(塑像) of me-is that correct, Miss Vinnie Ream?”The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldnt have duo ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. “President Lincoln smiled. “Painters, sculptors-theyve all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but Im afraid theres not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream? A bust(半身像)?”Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice.“Of course-I shouldnt have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size. “Vinnies face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. Ive driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend to do!”The Presidents eyes, brightened at her show of spirit. “Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didnt know your background.”But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “Id like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself.”Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up and shook Vinnies hand warmly, “Ive heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon.”The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.41What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln?AHer aggressive personality.BMr. Millss encouraging remark.CPresident Lincolns gentle voice.DHer interest in a challenging job.42How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnies request?APleased.BThrilled.CRegretful.DDoubtful.43Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting _.Aher experience from other projectsBher innocent childhood in the countryCthe heavy labor she had done beforeDthe skill she picked up in Wisconsin44Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to _.Aachieve effects of natural lightingBkeep all her tools within easy reachCobserve the President at a right angleDavoid disturbing the presidents work45What message does the story convey?AA strong-willed soul can reach his goal.BExperience helps to promote excellence.CUps and downs make one strong.DDevotion requires enthusiasm.【答案】41B42D43C44D45A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。41细节理解题。根据第三段中的”I wouldn't have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. “可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选B。42推理判断题。根据第五段中的”Of course- I shouldn't have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。43细节理解题。根据第六段中的”I've driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay figure would not exhaust my strength-and this is what I intend to do!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。44推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的”Miss Ream,” he sighed, “I'd like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself. “可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的”Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk. “可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。”我干得很快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。”如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。45推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选A。【强重难词】1. statue n.塑像2. sculptors n. 雕刻家3. brighten vi. 明亮；变亮；活跃；快乐高兴vt. 使闪亮；使生辉；使快乐高兴4. in an admirable manner以令人钦佩的方式5. a shade of apology一丝歉意6. a talented young woman一个有天赋的年轻女性7. bony fingers纤瘦的手指【析长难句】1. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend to do!”【解析】本句中的Making a full-length clay是动名词做主语，what引导的是表语从句。【译文】做一个完整的泥人不会耗尽我的力气而这正是我想做的!”【仿写】_2. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”【解析】本句中的if引导的是条件状语从句，从句使用了虚拟语气；主句中的while引导的是时间状语从句。【译文】“如果我把我的粘土带来这里，每天下午工作三个小时，我可以在你在书桌旁办公的时候完成大部分项目。”【仿写】_3. “Ive heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. 【解析】本句中的heard 后面是that引导的是宾语从句，found you charming and intelligent是“find sb. adj.宾语补足语的结构【译文】我听说你是个很有才华的年轻女子，我觉得你既迷人又聪明。【仿写】_Passage 2【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree. Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to car her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times. Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful. 4. What did Jennifer do after high school? （ ）A. She helped her dad with his work. B. She ran the family farm on her own. C. She supported herself through college. D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home. 5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield? （ ）A. To take care of her kids easily. B. To learn from the best nurses. C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there. 6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? （ ）A. Her health. B. Her time with family. C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion. 7. What can we learn from Jenifer's story? （ ）A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers. C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success. 【答案】4. C 5. A6. B 7. C【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。4.C细节理解题。根据第二段的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。5.A细节理解题。根据第三段的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子）可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take care of her kids easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。6.B细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的Through it all, she remind in good academic standing and graduated with honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and thats the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。【固重难词】1. willpower n.意志力2. typical adj. 典型的；特有的；象征性的3. pursue vt. 继续；追求4. sacrifice n. 牺牲；祭品；供奉vt. 牺牲；献祭；亏本出售5. inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计6. set aside for专门留出时间做7. advance her career推进她的职业生涯8. cover the bills支付账单9. earn a bachelor's degree. 获得学士学位10. attend a local technical college参加当地的技术学校11. pay her tuition付学费12. achieve her goal实现目标【析长难句】1. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. 【解析】本句含有一个because引导的原因状语从句，主句中的working为现在分词短语做状语。【译文】高中毕业后，詹妮弗进入了当地的一所技术学院，通过工作来支付学费，因为没有多余的钱供她上大学。【仿写】_2. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. 【解析】本句是个复合句，advance her career推进她的职业生涯 while+doing做状语，she loves 为定语从句，修饰something【译文】她决定回到大学去发展自己的事业，并在做自己喜欢的事情护理的同时更好地支持她的家庭。【仿写】_3. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree. 【解析】本句是主从复合句，其中when引导的是时间状语从句，graduated from是从毕业，to earn为动词不定式短语做后置定语，修饰the first in her large family。【译文】当詹妮弗从威斯康辛大学欧·克莱尔毕业，成为她大家庭中第一个获得学士学位的人时，她的意志力终于开花结果了。【仿写】_4. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. 【解析】本句中的to achieve.为动词不定式短语做目的状语，giving up. 和 missing important event为现在分词做伴随状语，to study为动词不定式做目的状语【译文】珍妮弗为了实现自己的目标做出很大的牺牲，她放弃了和孩子在一起的夜晚，错过了许多重要的活动。【仿写】_