专题09-定语从句（原卷版）-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx

考点09 定语从句（原卷版）【命题趋势】考生在定语从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题：(1)考生不能区分定语从句；(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；(3)习惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。【重要考向】一、关系代词引导的定语从句；二、关系副词引导的定语从句；三、“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句；四、as引导的定语从句；考向一 关系代词引导的定语从句【典例】【2021浙江卷语法填空】BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.【关系代词引导的定语从句提分秘籍】引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。1who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。2whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose名词”可用“the名词of which”或“of whichthe名词”来代替。Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful?你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？This is the house whose window broke last night.This is the house, the window of which broke last night.This is the house, of which the window broke last night.这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。3.which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。There used to be much shade of an old tree in the middle of the yard, which gave us much cool in summer.过去，院子中央的一棵古树遮成的大片树荫使我们在夏季非常凉爽。We hope the measures to control house prices, which are taken by the government，will succeed.我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。4.指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which。(1)先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时。I have read all the books (that) you gave me.你给我的书我都已经读过了。注意：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以。 There is something that/which keeps worrying me.有一件事一直令我不安。(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first，the second, .，the last修饰时。This is the best film (that)I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。(3)先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。The only thing that matters is to find our way home.唯一一件要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。(4)先行词既有人又有物时。They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.他们谈论起他们记得的学校里的人和事。5在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。(1)在非限制性定语从句中，如从句中缺少主语或宾语指物，只能用which。Our football team won the final, which made us excited.我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.过去我居住的房子变成了鞋店。考向二 关系副词引导的定语从句【典例】【2020全国卷语法填空】Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 【关系副词引导的定语从句提分秘籍】当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。when表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)which。where表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)which；来源:Z&xx&k.Comwhy表原因的介词(如for)which。1关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.现代人更加关心他们居住的环境。The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。when表时间的介词(in, on, at, during等)which。where表地点的介词(如in, at, on, under等)which；why表原因的介词(如for)which。xkw2way和time后接定语从句的情况。(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。如：I don't like the way (that/in which) he looks at me.我不喜欢他看我的方式。(2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/duringwhich”引导定语从句。如：This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face.这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。There was a time when I hated going to school.曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。考向三 “介词which/whom”引导的定语从句【典例】【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】Long, long ago, the King of the Skies had a lovely daughter, to _ he made many careful plans for her future.【“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句提分秘籍】掌握“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，要注意以下几点：1关系代词的确定在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：This is the train on which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。This is the student for whom I bought the dictionary.这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。2介词的位置介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，但也可以放在原来的位置上。如：The house in which we live is very large.The house (which/that) we live in is very large.我们住的房子很大。This is the man from whom I learned the news.This is the man (that/whom) I learned the news from.就是这个男人，我从他那里得到的这个消息。注意：如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。如：My youngest brother， whom I have to look after， is demanding.我得照看我的小弟弟，真是让人费神。3关系代词前介词的确定(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。如：The fellow to whom I spoke made no answer at first.我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak to)The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place.西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州以此而闻名。(be famous for)(2)根据先行词来确定。如：I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。如：Air, without which man can't live, is really important.空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(live without)4“名词/代词介词关系代词”结构此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none/the largestofwhich/whom”等。如：Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。He has three sons, none of whom are doctors.他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。5 “复合介词短语关系代词which”引导的定语从句，其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。6“介词which/whom不定式”结构The poor man has no house in which to live.The poor man has no house to live in.The poor man has no house in which he can live.那个穷人没房子住。考向四 as引导的定语从句考察较少，学生可以做扩展知识学习。【典例】Children under fifteen are not permitted to see such kind of film _ is bad for their mental development.【as引导的定语从句提分秘籍】1as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由the same, as, such, so等修饰时，关系代词用as。They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.他们只能读类似这样的一些简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)This is the same knife as I lost.这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。注意：such.as.与such.that.的区别such.as.中的as引导的是定语从句，而such.that.中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。This is such a difficult problem as all of us can't work out.这是一个我们所有人都不能解决的难题。(从句中的work out缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作work out的宾语。)This is such a difficult problem that all of us can't work it out.这个问题很难，我们中无人能解决它。(从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。2关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别(1)位置不同as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。如：As is often the case, little boys tend to be very active and out of control.小男孩总是很活泼好动，很难控制，这是常见的情况。Einstein, as is well known, is a famous scientist.众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。There was a bank around here as I remember.我记得过去这儿附近有一家银行。He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。(2)意义不同as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样；as is well knownas is known to all众所周知；as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样；as (it) often happens正如经常发生的那样；as is often the case正如经常发生的那样；as has been said before如上所述；as is mentioned above正如上面提到的；as I remember (it)正如我所记得的那样。which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。如：He opposed the idea, as could be expected.不出所料，他反对这个意见。Tom has made great progress, which makes his parents very happy.汤姆进步很大，这使他父母很高兴。(3)用法不同当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which。如：He came here very late, which was unexpected (not expected)他来得很晚，这是未预料到的。当as在句中作主语时，后常接动词的被动语态。如：be known, be said, be reported等。如果从句中动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。如：She has been absent again, as is expected.她又缺席了，正如预料的那样。1.【2020全国卷语法填空】In ancient China lived an artist _ paintings were almost lifelike. 2.【2020新高考全国卷语法填空】The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _opened in 1759. 3.【2019全国卷语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _ she opened with her late husband Les. 4.【2019全国卷语法填空】They were well trained by their masters_ had great experience with caring for these animals. 5.【2019浙江卷6月语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _gives off light in the dark. 6.【2018全国卷语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.7.【2018全国卷语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 when the government started a soil testing program _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 8.【2018全国卷语法填空】Im not sure _ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 9.【2018浙江卷6月语法填空】Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 10.【2017全国卷语法填空】Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _ is not good for the health.11.【2017全国卷语法填空】But Sarah, _ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 12.【2017浙江卷11月语法填空】Like many things in life, its an ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that theres enough room for improvement, _means youll just keep getting better and better.13.【2017浙江卷语法填空】Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, _ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.1.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三仿真】Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31_ works alongside her in the family business said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.2.【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】He is a doctor in Guangdong, _saved many people's lives in 2003.3.【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】The Crescent Spring, _beauty attracts tourists from home and abroad, has become a romantic paradise for visitors.4.【辽宁百校联盟2021届高三质监】Passengers now can travel from Beijing's center to Xiongan New Area within 50 minutes, thanks to the Beijing-Xiong Intercity Railway, _ was officially put into use on Sunday, a significant step in boosting the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city cluster. 5.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】Now as a Chinese international, Wu is working hard to show that “there are players in China _ can shine in the best leagues in the world”, he told Global Times.6.【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】The sample, _ includes 1,700 grams of lunar rocks and soil, is larger than previous ones.7.【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】While its wonderful for people _ Want to see what these museums offer and teach them, its not always the best for the museums facing increasing hardships in terms of Funding.8.【湖北省2021届高三联考】It marked the successful conclusion of Chinas current three-step lunar exploration program of orbiting and landing, and bringing back samples, _ began in 2004.9.【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】The tables quickly turned for an 89-year-old pizza delivery driver _ received a surprise delivery of his own from "regulars".10.【河北省衡水中学2021届高三联考】Similarly , fish and birds, _ are active during the day, go to their night resting places while bats come out.11.【河北省保定市2021届高三模拟】The rising number of wild birds in the reserve has brought a benefit for birdwatchers, _ are able to spot oriental storks (东方白鹤) and other wild birds even outside the reserve.12.【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】Young adults _ have been exposed to loud noise over a period of time may have some hearing loss symptoms.13.【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】As the weather gets warmer and the air becomes drier, people tend to feel their mouths and tongues are dry, _ can cause colds or coughs.14.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】As Gans fame grew, they began to sell fruit from their family orchard, _soon fell short of demand.15.【广东省六校2021届高三联考】Practising yoga or Tai Chi can help to keep our bodies supple, _in turn can lower joint pain and help to protect us from injury.16.【广州2021届高三一模】Originally the leaves were baked into a brick, a part of _could be broken off and made into a powder.17.【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】The 2020 Summer Olympics, _ were planned for this summer in Tokyo, have been formally put off until 2021 because of COVID-19.18.【福建省厦门市2021届高三质检】Learn how to make use of eye contact and other body language flexibly so that you are perceived to be polite, and so that you can better connect with people _ are foreign to you!19.【福建省龙岩市2021届高三质检】In Aug 2019, Liang won the gold medal at the 45th World Skills Competition in Electronics in Kazan, Russia, _is the biggest vocational education and skills excellence event in the world, organized every second year by the World Skills International with an aim to show the skills and promote career of youth.20.【福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟】According to a study published in the UK recently, those _ like jogging and do this kind of exercise regularly for at least one hour a week have very high chances to live a longer life.21.【福建省福州市2021届高三一模】The poem implies that Lu Xun would serve the people heart and soul and would never give in to enemies, _ fully expresses the poets loyalty to the people.22.【重庆市育才中学2021届高三模拟】Still, when you start your journey of positive thinking, you shall meet wonderful new people, with _ you can share positive attitude.23.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三模拟】Not only that,it was left in the exact spot _ he fed the crows.24.【重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三模拟】The road itself has already been completed, and now its only a matter of connecting the grid（输电网）, _ is expected to be finished by the end of the year alongside the completion of the Jinan Expressways south section.25.【山东省青岛市2021届高三质检】Tai Chi Chuan, _is famous as a kind of martial art, has been practiced China for centuries.26.【辽宁省辽阳市2021届高三模拟】She created a charity in memory of her grandmother, _ passed away from Alzheimer's disease. 27.【辽宁省辽西地区2021届高三大联考】In todays world_global warming is a serious issue, the bicycle is a perfect way of reducing our carbon footprint.28.【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】It also helps older passengers and those_need help walking the last few steps to the boarding gate.29.【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】Kataria also offer books and DVDs to people _dont have access to a local Laughter Club.30.【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】His breakout video, _his process of painting Qi tian Dasheng (Monkey King) is shown，has won more than 408,000. likes，making him popular on the platform.31.【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】There they met people from other parts of the country, _had also volunteered to help.32.【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】The University of Virginia researchers _ran the study followed 169 subjects aged 15 to 25 every year for a decade.33.【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】He became interested in two theories _ possibly explained how cholera killed people.34.【河北省2021届高三模拟】The most