专题12 特殊句式 第12讲 -特殊句式---2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（讲）（教师版）.docx

2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）第12讲特殊句式【复习概览】在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识核心素养特殊句式语言能力语法知识1.单句填空2.语篇填空3.单句翻译4.书面表达生活实践和学习探索情境高考评价关键能力必备知识（）【命题分析】一、命题要求特殊句式考点，是英语高考考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有：强调句型、倒装句、省略和主谓一致等。二、命题形式本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.语法填空；2.书面表达。特殊句式在语法填空中是常考点。 2022年特殊句式还有可能考，让学生掌握这个考点是必要的。【基础巩固】知识点：特殊句式重难点知识：考点1强调【典例】1. （2021·天津耀华滨海学校高三三模）It was only after experiencing the failure_ he began to train seriously and he won the championship in the 400-metcr freestyle a year later.AwhenBwhetherCthatDwhich【答案】C【解析】考查强调句。句意：在经历了失败后，他开始认真训练，并在一年后赢得了400米自由泳冠军。分析句子可知，该句去掉It was和设空处仍然是完整的句子，由此可知此处考查该强调句，结构为：It is + 被强调部分 + that/who（强调人时可用who）.，该句被强调部分为状语，只能用that。故选C项。2. What do you think it is _has brought worldwide attention to China? (用适当的单词填空)Rapid and steady economic growth, of course. 【答案】that【解析】考查强调句。句意：你认为是什么使得全世界关注中国？当然是快速而稳定的经济增长。分析句子结构，把it is和该空去掉，该句句子结构完整，语义清晰，由此判断该句为强调句it is/was+ 被强调部分+ that+句子的其他成分，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that。这里强调主语what，故填that。【方法指导】1强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。2如果原句中含有“not.until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。3强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat从句”。4do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。【变式】【变式】1Its unnecessary and its not important at all. We neednt care about it. It is ones inner beauty_matters. (用适当的单词填空)【答案】that【解析】考查强调句型。句意：没有必要，也一点都不重要，我们不需要关心它。一个人的内在美才是最重要的。把It is和该空去掉，该句句子结构完整，语义清晰，可知此处是强调句型it is/was 被强调部分that 其他，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that。此处强调的是主语ones inner beauty，不指人。故填that。【变式】2Its not what you have in your life but _you have in your life that matters. (用适当的单词填空) 【答案】who【解析】考查强调句型的用法和主语从句。句意：重要的不是你在生活中拥有什么而是你拥有谁。题干中not what you have in your life but _you have in your life是强调句中的被强调部分，根据前者的what，判断but后的从句中缺少have的宾语，指人。故用who。考点2倒装【典例】1. Only after one has become a parent _he realize how great his parents are. (用适当的单词填空) 【答案】will【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：只有一个人为人父母后，他才知道他的父母多么的伟大。Only状语从句放在句首的时候，后面的句子用部分倒装，助动词/be动词/情态动词放在主语前面，由于从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时，所以答案为will。2. Never _it realistic for Europe to lay too much hope on China since the debt problem will only be solved by European countries themselves. (用适当的单词填空) 【答案】is【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：对于欧洲而言从来没有把太多的希望放在中国，这是现实的，因为债务问题将只能由欧洲国家自己来解决。否定词never放在句首，后面使用倒装句。根据后半句“since the debt problem will only be solved by European countries themselves”可知，本句用一般现在时，it作形式主语，故用is。【方法指导】1only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时句子使用部分倒装。2否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。3表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。4在so.that.和such.that.句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中需要部分倒装。5not only.but also.，连接两个并列分句，not only置于句首时，它所在的分句使用部分倒装。6as/though引导让步状语从句时，将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形as/though主语其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)7. hardly.when.；no sooner.than.；scarcely.when.“刚就”，hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，主句用部分倒装，从句不倒装，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。【变式】【变式】（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨市·哈尔滨三中高三期末）It is through decades of hard work China has progressed to a new stage.AthatBwhereCwhichDwhat【答案】A【解析】考查强调句。句意：经过几十年的努力，中国发展到了一个新阶段。分析句子结构，把It is和该空去掉，该句结构完整，语义清晰，由此判断该句为强调句，强调句的基本结构为It is / was+被强调的部分+that+句子的其他成分，如果被强调的部分是人，可以用who代替that，句中强调状语through decades of hard work。故选A。考点3省略【典例】1.（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨市·哈尔滨三中高三期末）The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, _, reaching 30 in summer.Aif anythingBif everCif anyDif so【答案】B【解析】考查省略。句意：这里的气候相当宜人，夏天的温度极少达到30摄氏度。A. if anything如果有什么的话；B. if ever如果有过的话；C. if any即便要；D. if so要是这样。此处为条件状语从句的省略，且if ever与rarely连用，表示“极少”。故选B。2.（2021·天津高三一模）When _, the two methods can help us save much time and money.Abeing combinedBcombinedCto be combinedDcombining【答案】B【解析】考查过去分词和省略句。句意：结合起来，这两种方法可以帮助我们节省很多时间和金钱。when引导的时间状语从句和主句主语相同时，从句可省略主语和系动词。当动词和主语构成主动关系时，应用现在分词，构成被动关系时，应用过去分词。combine意为“使结合”，和主语the two methods构成被动关系。所以应用过去分词combined。故选B。【方法指导】1当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或主语是it，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。2so或not代替上文内容，此时可用“ifso/not”省略句式；其他类似结构还有if ever，if any，if anything等。3I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别表示肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。4单独使用不定式符号to代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等后面。否定形式的省略用not to。5不定式符号to用在某些形容词，如glad，happy，pleased，delighted等后面。6如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。7在do nothing but，can't help but，why not，would rather.than.；prefer to do.rather than.等句型中省略to。【变式】（2020·江苏南通市·高三期中）When _ (expose) to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous or anxious. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】exposed【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当面临危险和冲突时，男性往往会血压升高，感到紧张或焦虑。分析句子结构和句意可知，be exposed to“暴露于”是固定短语，此处从句的主语与主句一致为men，当从句的主语与主句一致时，且含有be动词，从句的主语和be动词都可以省略，所以空处需用过去分词exposed。故填exposed。考点4主谓一致1意义一致原则The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。Many a large and big business has been built up from small ones.很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.昨天只干了60%的活。Every boy and every girl is asked to be at the school gate before 7：30 tomorrow morning.所有男女生要求明天早上之前在学校门口集合。【方法指南】1由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。2“no/each/every单数名词andno/each/every单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。3非谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用单数。4表示时间、距离、金钱等复数名词作主语时，看作一个整体时为单数。5含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况many a/more than one单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。the rest，the remaining/part.主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。2就近一致原则Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.或者你或者我要负责这件事。Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox.There are two pens and a pencil in the pencilbox.文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。【方法指南】1由or，nor，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but (also)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。2there be句型中，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。3语法一致原则The majority of visitors were in favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject was simply surprising.大多数的访客都支持他的结论：在这个主题方面出版的书的数量真是令人惊讶。With more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。No one in the depart but Tom and I knows that the director is going to resign.除了我和汤姆外，这个部门没人知道主管要辞职。This kind of flowers sells well.这种花卖得很好。【方法指南】1主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。2a quantity of接名词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。3由“kind (form，type，sort，species，portion，series)of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。4主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等附属成分时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。【关键能力】特殊句式与语法填空特殊句式常考的语法项目包含主谓一致、倒装句、强调句、省略句、感叹句、祈使句等，考查形式有谓语动词的数、状语从句的省略中的非谓语动词以及助动词、替代词或标志性的词等。典题试做在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内所给词的正确形式。1 It could be anythinggardening，cooking，music，sportsbut whatever it is，_ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.2 Yangshuo _(be) really beautiful.3 If _(accept) for the job，you'll be informed soon.4 Video games can be a poor influence if _(leave) in the wrong hands.5Only when Lily walked into the office _she realize that she had left the contract at home.答案：1.make2.is3.accepted4.left5.did应对策略注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式，再根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。书面表达中特殊句式易错点聚焦在书面表达中适当引入特殊句式，可提高表达的层次，增强交际效果。但是学生在实际运用中主要存在以下问题：1主谓不一致(误)Your friend and adviser have agreed to lend me some money.(正)Your friend and adviser has agreed to lend me some money.(误)Many a scientist have sacrificed their lives for science.(正)Many a scientist has sacrificed his life for science.(误)Mr Wang，together with his wife，have gone to Australia.(正)Mr Wang，together with his wife，has gone to Australia.(误)Each of the boys have their own books.(正)Each of the boys has his own books.(误)The blind is not able to walk without sticks.(正)The blind are not able to walk without sticks.(误)Five years have passed since then.(正)Five years has passed since then.2缺乏运用意识语言输出时，多用正常语序的简单句、并列句等，而缺乏运用特殊句式的意识。(简单句堆积)I am Li Hua.I am chairman of the Student Union.I am from Chenguang High School.(同位语)I am Li Hua，chairman_of_the_Student_Union，from_Chenguang_High_School.(一般表达)I didn't realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.(倒装句)Not_until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school did_I_realize_its_importance.(强调句)It_was_not_until_I_was_chosen_monitor_of_my_class_in_my_senior_middle_school that I realized its importance.3运用中出现语法错误(误)Only_work_hard can you achieve your goal.(正)Only_by_working_hard can you achieve your goal.(误)There have some problems exist in our school.(正)There exist some problems in our school.(误)Only after the war learned_he the sad news.(正)Only after the war did_he_learn the sad news.(误)It was at_midnight_when I got back home yesterday.(正)It was at_midnight_that I got back home yesterday.(正)It was midnight_when I got back home yesterday.