专题19-阅读之议论文(原卷版）-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx

考点19 阅读之议论文（原卷版）【命题趋势】议论文在近几年考试中出现的不多， 但是也有。所以考生在平时的训练中也需复习。以下是近年真题和模拟试题训练，考生可以集中复习。1.【2021年全国甲卷】Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the clubwomen, or people of a different color or beliefthey were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?A. They're unfair.B. They're conservative.C. They're objective.D. They're strict.13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?A. They think themselves smart.B. They look up to great thinkers.C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?A. Improved global communication.B. Less discrimination against women.C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.D. Changes in people's social positions.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many FormsC. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck2.【2020年1月浙江卷】Todays world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. A key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in school.“There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers,” Padilla-Walker said. “This research also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence which can be taught are key to a childs life success.”Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style. Authoritative parenting is not authoritarian: rigid, demanding or controlling. Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father; responsibility and the reasons behind rules are stressed; children are given an appropriate level of autonomy (自主权).In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence, which is an avenue of future research.27. What is special about the BYU professors study?A. It centered on fathers role in parenting.B. It was based on a number of large families.C. It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.D. It aimed to improve kids achievement in school.28. What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?A. Ignore their demands.B. Make decisions for them.C. Control their behaviors.D. Explain the rules to them.29. Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?A. Single parents.B. Children aged from 11 to 14.C. Authoritarian fathers.D. Mothers in two-parent homes.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative FathersB. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in FutureC. Children Tend to Learn Determination from FatherD. Family Relationship Influences School Performance1. 【辽宁省鞍山市第一中学2021届高三一模】The article What China Gets Right about Relationships by Sam Massie reminds me of the Quora question about the opinion on Chinese people. Obviously, answers from different people wont be the same. To me, those different people fall into two groups: those with a vague picture of China, and those understanding Chinese culture very well.Its quite easy for the first category to reach some conclusions with prejudice:“When was child, was taught to be watchful around Chinese people-they were the type that smiled when offended because theyll stab you in the back in revenge (报复). They valued money over human life, and that was motive (动机) for all their activities.” -Quora User.That provides us, if I can say so, a racists stereotype of Chinese people. It is sad to know many people do have an unclear idea about China-a long history, a large population, the Great Wall, Panda Express, festivals, tea, kongfu movies, cheap and bad clothes, the manufacturing power, a very large internal market, and hardworking (yes, especially high school students). All these are rather too simple and general.By contrast, to those we call a China-hand, it is quite obvious that the word “Chinese” bears much more. In todays ever globalized world, more and more foreign friends are increasingly attracted to Chinese culture. They learn Chinese, make Chinese friends, watch Chinese movies, and pay visits or even move to China. Understanding the differences between the east and the west, they could see through the appearance.In many cases, the first impression of some Westerners about China is no more than rudeness but it is actually not that simple. What should be paid attention to are the in-group/out-group effects. Sam Massie is wise in saying that “rudeness to strangers is the flip side (相反面) of deep bonds with loved ones. I am overjoyed that he understands the generosity, sincerity and other good qualities of Chinese people. To me, no matter what the Westerners opinions are, what really matters is how we behave and the way we treat others. Whats your opinion?12According to the writer, the first group _.Ajudge Chinese people one-sidedlyBsee well into Chinese cultureCturn out to be ill-educated at schoolDdraw reasonable conclusions about China13A China-hand will most probably agree that _.AChinese people can do anything to fight back against those who offend themBChina is very attractive in culture with its generous and sincere peopleCChina has a long history and the most hardworking students in the worldDChina is profit-driven and as a result, people are cold to strangers14The underlined word stereotype in the fourth paragraph probably means _.Achanging and reasonable ideaBa fixed and often right ideaCa fixed and often false ideaDa changing and unfair idea15The writers attitude to Sam Massies book is _.AapprovingBobjectiveCcriticalDindifferent2.【2020届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高中部高三第八次模拟】 The chief problem in dealing with foreign motorists is not so much remembering that they are different from you, but that they are largely variable. Cross a frontier(边境) without adjusting and you can be in deep trouble.One of the greatest gulfs separating the driving nations is the Atlantic Ocean. Or rather, it is the mental distance between the European and the American motorist, particularly the South American motorist. Compare, for example, an English driver at a set of traffic lights with a Brazilian.Very rarely will an Englishman try to anticipate(预先准备) the green light by moving off. You will find the occasional someone who watches for the yellow light to come up on the set of lights. However, he will not go until he receives the lawful signal. Brazilians view the thing quite differently. If, in fact, they see traffic lights, they regard them as a kind of roadside decoration.The natives of North America are much more disciplined. They show this in their addiction to driving in one lane(车道) and sticking to iteven if it means settling behind some great truck for many miles.To prevent other drivers from falling into wrong ways, American motorists try always to stay close behind the vehicle in front which can make it impossible to make a real lane change. European visitors are always falling into this trap. They return to the Old World still waving their arms in disappointment because while driving in the State in their cars they kept failing to get off the highway when they wanted to and were swept along to the next city.However, one nation above all others lives cautiously by its traffic regulations the Swiss. In Switzerland, if you were simply to anticipate a traffic light, the chances are that the motorist behind you would take your number and report you to the police. There are slight regional variations among the French, German and Italian speaking areas, but it is generally safe to assume that any car bearing a CH sticker will be driven with a high degree of discipline.12How do American drivers behave on the road according to the passage?AThey run the red light sometimes.BThey drive close behind other drivers.CThey care little about the traffic light.DThey start their car at the yellow light.13Which people take the traffic light most seriously?AThe Swiss.BThe Brazilians.CThe English.DThe French.14The passage is mainly developed by _.Aanalyzing causesBdescribing changesCmaking comparisonsDpointing out similarities15Which part of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?ACulture.BBusiness.CEntertainment.DGeography.3.【湖北省武汉市部分学校2020届高三上学期起点质量监测】The Notre Dame fire has been put out, but its spire and a large portion of its wooden roof have been damaged. The terrible destruction causes a sudden sharp pain to people around the world. On Chinese social media network Wechat a common comment on the disaster is: "What a pity that we cannot see the damaged parts of the wonder anymore. "But the good news is that there is at least one way of seeing them, namely via a video game called Assassin's Creed: Unity. In this game, the player can travel to one city after another and enter the buildings exactly like what they are in reality, and see Notre Dame as it was before the fire. Further, with virtual reality technology, which is already quite mature, one can even look around the undamaged Notre Dame as if it is still there. Maybe digital technology could help to better protect architectural cultural heritage. The idea of digitizing ancient buildings, making digital models of them so their data can be saved，dates back to the 1990s and the necessary technology has continued to advance since then. By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers，building 3D models with multiple images，as well as measuring everything precisely，engineers can make a copy as accurate as the real one. As computers and smartphones are hugely popular，the digital replica（复制品）has great use value. First，it allows tourists to feel the cultural relics without touching them，which helps protect them. The virtual tour of Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu Province is a good example of this as tourists can view the paintings without standing near them. Furthermore，it can make the digitized cultural relics more famous by spreading awareness about them via the Internet. In 2000，a virtual tour of the Great Wall became very popular at the Hannover World Expo，which increased the number of foreign tourists visiting the site in the following years. Above all，it preserves all the information of the cultural relics. Even if the original ones are damaged one day，people can still know what they were like and can build a replica if desired. Of course，however precise a model is，it is not the original. Time is the biggest threat to a country's architectural heritage，which will always become ruins with the passing of time. Maybe we will have better technologies in the future，but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment. 11. What can we see about Notre Dame in the game？（ ）A. The damaged parts. B. Its wooden shape. C. Its original look. D. The big fire. 12. What will engineers do to create a digital replica of the ancient buildings？（ ）A. Improve the technology needed. B. Scan the photos of the buildings C. Build 3D models of full size. D. Measure all the parts exactly. 13. What value does a digital replica have？（ ）A. It keeps the relics safe. B. It helps to guard the relics. C. It gathers data of the relics. D. It advertises the history of the relics. 14. How does the author prove the digital copy has vital practical importance？（ ）A. By comparison. B. By giving examples. C. By classification D. By listing data. 15. What is the authors attitude towards the application of digital technology？（ ）A. Doubtful. B. Delighted. C. Supportive. D. Conservative.4.【四川省宜宾市2018-2020学年高三上学期第一次诊断】Being stuck behind crowds of slow walkers when youre in a hurry is one of the most annoying things. But now, Lakeside Shopping Centre in Essex, one of the UKs largest shopping malls, has introduced its very own fast lane(通道) for shoppers in a hurry, aiming to help impatient shoppers avoid slow walkers and the anger that goes with them.The Lakeside Shopping Center in Essex has introduced a 720-foot “fast lane” reserved for fast walkers only, just in time for the Christmas rush. The centers management team said: “the lane will help the shoppers who know where they want to go quickly and dont want to get caught in behind unhurried shoppers at the busiest time of the year.”The fast lane was introduced after a Master