高中英语第一轮复习：定语从句.docx

定语从句A、 The Attributive Clause(介词preposition、关系代词relative pronoun、关系副词relative adverb)定语从句: 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面，定语从句可以由关系代词that、which、who(宾格whom、所有格whose)和关系副词where、when、why引导；关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，关系副词在定语从句中作状语，它们在复合句中起连接主从句的作用。 一、 关系词的选用1、当先行词是人时，用关系代词who、whom、that引导定语从句，如：The foreigner who/that visited our school yesterday is from Canada.(作从句主语，不能省略)The person (who/whom/that) you just talked to is Mr. Green. (作从句宾语，可以省略)2、当先行词是物时，用关系代词which、that引导定语从句，如：They planted the trees which/that didnt need much water. (作从句主语，不能省略)The fish (which/that) we bought were not fresh. (作从句宾语，可以省略) 3、当从句主语与先行词（可以是人也可以是物）存在从属关系时，用关系代词whose I know the boy whose article is very good.I live in a house whose windows face the south.4、当先行词是时间时，用关系副词when( = at that time)来引导 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.5、当先行词是地点时，用关系副词where( = at that place)来引导 The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.6、当先行词为reason时,用关系副词why来引导，如： He couldnt give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school.7、先行词为地点、时间时，选用关系代词或关系副词，要看它在从句中作何种成分，如： This is the house where I lived(vi.不及物动词) last year.(在从句中作状语) This is the house which was built(vt.及物动词) last year. (在从句中作主语) Now it is autumn when we held a sports meet.(作状语)Now it is autumn which is the third season of the year. (which在定语从句中作主语应该使用关系代词which或that)二、 介词的提前如果定语从句中谓语动词是不及物动词，它所接的介词可以放在从句中相关动词的后面，也可以把它提到关系代词的前面，此时，先行词为人时介词后面用关系代词whom,先行词为物时，介词后用关系代词which,即：介词 + 关系代词（是人时用whom,是物时用which）I know the man (who/whom/that) Jim is talking to.= I know the man to whom Jim is talking.This is the room (which/that) I used to live in.= This is the room in which I used to live.三、 介词的确定“介词 + 关系代词（whom、which）”中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法：1、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词The man to whom I spoke is my teacher.(speak to)The west lake,for which Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.(be famous for)2、根据先行词来确定介词I never forgot the days durig which we lived and worked together.(during the days)3、根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词Air,without which man cant live,is really important.但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面，如：take care of、look for、look after等。四、 关系代词不能用that的情况：1、介词 + 关系代词时，不能用that This is the room in which (不能用that) LuXun lived.2、非限制性定语从句 He has a daughter,who(不能用that) works in a hospital.3、先行词是that时，为了避免重复，不用that The clock is that which (不能用that) tells the time.五、 关系代词宜用that而不用which的情况：1、定语从句的先行词同时有人又有物时，如： They talk about the persons and things that they remember in the old days.2、先行词是the one、all、much、little、few、none、everything、anything、nothing等不定代词时，如： Is there anything else that I can do for you? I mean the one that was bought yesterday.3、先行词是数词时，如：Look at these flowers. You can see the two that you gave me.4、先行词被序数词（含last）或形容词最高级修饰时，如： This is the last lesson that Mr. Green taught us.It is the most important task that should be finished soon. 5、先行词被all、no、only、one of、some、any、few、little、much、very等修饰时，如： I have read all the books that you lent me. 6、先行词在主句中作表语或关系代词在从句中作表语，该关系代词要用that，而不用which,如： It is a book that will help you a lot. My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be. 7、先行词是who、which开头时，为了避免重复，如： Who is the man that shook hands with you just now? Which is the book that you want to borrow from me.六、 以as引导的定语从句1、引导限制性定语从句，用于suchas；the sameas；as many/muchas结构中： Such books as you bought are useless. As many members as were present agreed to the plan. I love such people as love me.2、引导限制性定语从句，as = which/that is,如： English as spoken in Australia is slightly(轻微的) different from British English.3、引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句；从句的位置可以在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。（which引导非限制性定语从句不能放于句首） As is often the case（情况）,Mary was late for school. As we all know,light travels much faster than sound in the air.七、 以but引导的定语从句，but = whonot或thatnot,如：There is no man but would be surprised at the news.=There is no man that wouldnt be surprised at the news.There is no one but wishes peace.=There is no one that doesnt wish peace.八、 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。主从句一般不用逗号隔开，如：He is a man who can help me.How do you apologise to your friend whose bike you lost？2非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉主句的意思仍然很清楚，主从句一般用逗号隔开，如： LiLei,whose father is a worker,is my best friend. Lijiang,where I was born,is very beautiful.九、 补充说明材料：1、系表结构 = 连系动词 + 表语（即连系动词后面的成分，adj.或n.或介词短语等）2、连系动词：A、be动词（am、is、are）表达“是”的意思时，如： He is a student.B、感官动词（look、seem、taste、smell、feel等），如： I feel cold.C、表示变化的词（get、turn、become、go等），如： He became our monitor last term.D、表示状态的词（keep、stay、remain等），如： For a long time,the language in America stayed the same.十、 关系副词 = 介词 + 关系代词This is the room where she did her homework.= This is the room in which she did her homework.1958 was the year when Spielberg made his first real film.= 1958 was the year in which Spielberg made his first real film.