解密07非谓语动词-2021年高考英语高频考点解密（二轮复习）（原卷版）.doc

解密07非谓语动词序号题型真题Part 1解密高考考点综述 备考建议Part 2对点解密考点精准说1. 真题对点析1. 对点模拟练1.Part 3强化集训真题模测、典题模测Part 1解密高考【考点综述】非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。 近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。 另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。【备考建议】非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语题的解题总方法如下：1. 先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半 是非谓语动词题。 2. 看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）； 3. 看有没有连接词（引导词）。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一 部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。 4. 定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用现在分 词；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般 用过去分词。 5. 定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（to have done/to have been done/ having done/ Having been done），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（to do / to be done / doing / being done / done）。Part 2对点解密【考点精准说】1-非谓语动词做主语 （ -ing/-to do） 1. 如果表语是不定式，主语也是不定式；表语是动名词，主语也是动名词。如：To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.2. 动名词作主语的句型。如：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)3. 动词不定式和动名词的复合结构：动词不定式的复合结构有两种：It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/.for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/.of sb. to do动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如：His coming made me happy.I can't imagine his/him living there alone.4.动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如：Being exposed to the sunlight for a long time does harm to your skin.【真题对点析】11.（2019·天津卷）_ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned【答案】C【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语，故选C。2. 2018·北京卷·单项填空）_ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“_ along the old Silk Road”作主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。【对点模拟练】11. _(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.【答案】Travelling/Traveling【解析】句意：沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣且有益的体验。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在短语在句中作主语，故用动名词。2. Since I was small, my parents have told me that it is no use _(bother) about those who always stand still and refuse to make progress.【答案】bothering【解析】句意：从我小时候起，我的父母就告诉我为总是故步自封的人而烦恼是没有什么用的。It is no use doing sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事没有用”；bother about sb.意为“为某人而烦恼”。【考点精准说】2-非谓语动词做宾语 （ -ing/-to do）1. 下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语：attempt(企图)，afford(负担得起)，demand(要求)，long(渴望)，desire(渴望)，expect，hope，wish，want，swear(发誓)，volunteer(自愿)，offer(提供)，fail(未能)，plan，care(关心，喜欢)，happen(碰巧)，prepare(准备)，learn(学习)，choose(选择)，hesitate(犹豫)，claim(要求)，promise，undertake(承接)，appear(似乎)，seek(寻觅)，refuse(拒绝)，decide(决定)，determine(决定)，manage(设法)，pretend(假装)，agree(同意)，bother(烦恼)，intend(想要)，wait(等待)2. 下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语：acknowledge(承认)，admit(承认)，deny(否认)，mention(说到，讲到)，tolerate/stand/bear(忍受)，dislike(不喜欢)，advocate(提倡，主张)，appreciate(感激，欣赏)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(享受)，envy(嫉妒)，delay(延迟)，postpone(延迟，延期)，escape(逃跑，逃避)，excuse/pardon/forgive(原谅)，fancy(幻想，爱好)，imagine(想象)，favour(造成，偏爱)，mind(介意)，miss(错过)，finish(完成)，resist(抵抗)，risk(冒险)，involve(包含)，practise(实践)，suggest/advise/recommend(建议)，prevent(阻止)，keep(保持)，quit/abandon(放弃，停止)，understand(理解)，include(包括)3. 后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有：have(no/much/some/.) difficulty/trouble/a hard time(in)，take pleasure in，spend time/money (in)，waste time(in)，be worth，be busy，feel like，be committed to4. to作为介词的短语有：look forward to，pay attention to，object tobe opposed to，be devoted to，stick to，come close to(差一点)，get down to(开始认真做)，get/be accustomed/used to(doing), lead tocontribute to(sb. doing/being done)5. allow，permit，forbid，advise，recommend的用法：allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommenddoingallow/permit/forbid/advise/recommendsb.to do如：I don't allow smoking in my room.I don't allow him to smoke in my room.6.既可以接-ing又可以接-to do，但意义有差别的动词forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做)remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)stop to do停止(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事stop doing停止正在或经常做的事go on to do继续(去做另外一件事情)go on doing继续(原先没有做完的事情)regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)regret doing sth.对过去做过的事或未做过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)try to do努力、企图做try doing试验、试一试某种办法mean to do(人)打算，有意要mean doing(物)意味着can't help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事【真题对点析】21. 【2020·全国新课标I改错】My mom told me how to preparing it.考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。2.（2018·新课标I卷·语法填空）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _63_ (die) early by running.【参考答案】seeing【试题解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处作of的宾语，其后用动名词。故填dying。3.2017·全国卷by 68._ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.【答案】68. eating【解析】考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。4.【2015·陕西】My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!【答案】enjoy改为enjoying【解析】句意：我最喜欢的照片是我和我的教练在聚会上开心地享受饼干。of后面接动名词，my coach and me是逻辑主语，enjoy改为enjoying。【对点模拟练】21. I didn't mean _(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help_(try) it.【答案】to eat；trying【解析】句意：我没打算吃东西，但这冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住品尝了一下。mean to do sth.打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味着做某事；can't help doing sth. 禁不住/忍不住做某事；can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事。2. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked【参考答案】A【试题解析】句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情，所以选A。【考点精准说】3-非谓语动词做表语 （-ing/-ed/-to do）1. 不定式作表语，一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。Her hobby is playing basketball.Her hobby is to play basketball.Her job is to teach English.2. 过去分词作表语，表示“感到，觉得”，现在分词作表语，表示“令人”。此类词有：embarrass，excite，interest，delight，disappoint，encourage，inspire，please，puzzle，satisfy，surprise，worry，convince等。【真题对点析】31.（2016·上海）Do you find yourself getting impatient or _(annoy) with people over unimportant things?. If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better control your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.【答案】annoyed  【解析】考查形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。2.（2019全国III卷）Now my dream is to opens a cafe. 【答案】opens改为 open【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语，to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open。3.【2016·四川】Mom was grateful and moving.【答案】moving-moved 【解析】句意：妈妈即感激有感动。故把moving-moved。4.2017·全国卷In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden【答案】3. interesting改为interested5.（2018·新课标III 卷·语法填空）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _64_(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_65_(challenge).【参考答案】64.looking 65.challenged【答案解析】64.动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。 65.根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged作表语。【对点模拟练】31. However, we refer to Donald Trump as _ great success not merely because he has been elected 【答案】C 【考点精准说】4-非谓语动词做宾语补足语 （-ing/-ed/-to do）1.下面的动词要求用不定式作宾补(动词宾语动词不定式)：ask(请，叫)，tell(告诉)，get(使，让)，prefer(喜欢，宁愿)，like(喜欢)，force(强迫)，press(迫使)，require(要求)，request(请求)，advise(劝告)，pray(请求)，remind(提醒)，beg(请求)，invite(吸引，邀请)，command(命令)，order(命令)，intend(想要，企图)，drive(驱赶)，train(训练)，cause(引起)，instruct(指示)，direct(指导)，warn(告诫)，enable(使能够)，need(需要)，urge(激励，力说)，inspire(鼓舞)，encourage(鼓励)，want(想要)，lead(引起，使得)，teach(教)，wish(希望)。2.感官动词，如：see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel等。感官动词后可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语。使役动词have，make的用法(注意have作为“有”的用法)：使役动词have可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语；make后接不带to的不定式、过去分词、名词、形容词作宾语补足语。3.catch，find，get，leave，keep，set，send后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。【真题对点析】4 1.(2018·天津卷·单项填空) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.A. taking B. takenC. being taken D. take【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。2.(2018·新课标III卷·语法填空)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _70_ (stay)and watch.【参考答案】 【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。此处allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事，动词不定式作宾补，应该用to stay。【对点模拟练】41. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _(perform) live is quite another.【答案】being performed【解析】句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。此处表示“听到音乐正在被演奏”。3. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _ live is quite another. A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed【参考答案】D【答案解析】句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb./sth. doing sth表听到某人/某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。【考点精准说】5-非谓语动词做状语 （-ing/-ed/-to do）-ing/-ed除表示伴随之外还表示时间、让步或条件。-to除了表示目的，还表示结果、情感或心理状态原因。尤其注意表示特性的形容词(comfortable，difficult，easy等)后接的不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。【真题对点析】51.(2019·江苏卷) _ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.A. To enjoyB. EnjoyingC. To have enjoyedD. Enjoy【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。2,【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。3.【2018·北京】10. Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. used B. to use C. using D. use【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。(2017·天津) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ more patients to be treated.A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。“医院引进新的医疗设备”和“更多的病人得到治疗”之间是主动的关系，因此用v.­ing形式。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。句意：医院最近引进了新的医疗设备，从而使更多的病人得到治疗。【对点模拟练】51.Much time _ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。2_that his father would come back soon, the little boy calmed down.A. Having convincedB. ConvincingC. Being convincedD. Convinced【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：相信他的父亲不久会回来，这个小男孩镇静下来。convince“使相信”，与主语the little boy是被动关系，用过去分词作状语表示被动关系。故选D。【考点精准说】6-非谓语动词做定语 （-ing/-ed/-to do）不定式作定语，表示将来；现在分词作定语，表示正在发生或主动；过去分词作定语，表示过去或被动。此外，在warning，ability，failure，determination，wish，decision等词后面用不定式作定语；不定式作定语还可用来修饰序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定语。【真题对点析】61. 【2020·全国新课标I改错】I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it.考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。2.(2017·北京) Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _ with his students.A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent 【参考答案】D【答案解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，_ with his students是非谓语动词短语作后置定语，且“时光”是被度过，而且这里指的是“已经被度过的时光”，故选 D。句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得跟学生们一起度过的快乐时光。【对点模拟练】61.China has clear actions_(address)environmental protection, sustainable development and climate change.【答案】addressing【解析】句意：中国为应对环保、可持续发展以及气候变化采取了明确的行动。分析句子成分可知，本题为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰actions，再结合句意可知，actions与address之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。2.The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _(range) from butterflies to elephants.【答案】ranging【解析】句意：国家公园有大量的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空格处用非谓语动词，且空格处与其逻辑主语a large collection of wildlife之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。【答案】C3.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph_(take).【答案】taken【解析】句意：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。本句是have sth. done结构，意为“使某事完成”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。Part 3强化集训【真题模测】单项选择/单句语法填空1.（2020·江苏省高考真题）Technological innovations, _ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.Acombined withBcombining withChaving combined withDto be combined with2（2020·天津高考真题）_ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.ATo helpBhelpedChelpingDBeing helped3（2020·天津高考真题）The dancers incredible performance had the audience on its feet _ for 10 minutes at the end of the show.Abeing clappedBclapCclappedDclapping4（2020·天津高考真题）The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection _ economic growth.Ato be promotedBbeing promotedCpromotingDto promote5（2020·天津高考真题）_in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.AHaving completedBBeing completedCCompletedDCompleting6（2019·江苏省高考真题）Chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries _ its role in international affairs.ArecognizingBbeing recognizedCto be recognizedDrecognized7（2019·天津高考真题）Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially _ to help them succeed academically and personally.AdesignedBdesigningCto designDbeing designed8（2017·北京高考真题）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _ from butterflies to elephants.ArangingBrangeCto rangeDranged9(2016·北京)_ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.AOrderingBTo orderCHaving orderedDOrdered10(2017·北京) Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _ with his students.Ato spendBspendCspendingDspent11（2018·天津高考真题）Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, _ what she thought was necessary.AorderedBorderingCto have orderedDhaving been ordered12（2018·天津高考真题）There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money _ for medical research has been well spent.AusedBusingCto useDto be used13（2018·天津）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.Ataking BtakenCbeing taken DTake14.【2020·全国新课标III】The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter. 15. 【2020·全国新课标III】 69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 【典题模测】单项选择1The White Horse Temple, _