考点25 名词性从句-备战2020年高考英语考点一遍过.doc

考点25 名词性从句高考频度：【命题解读】名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。【命题预测】预计2020年高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。【复习建议】1. 掌握宾语从句的用法；2. 了解同位语从句的用法；3. 掌握表语从句的用法；4. 掌握主语从句的用法；5. 如何正确选择引导词。考向一 名词性从句连接词的用法名词性从句的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if，连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。1.that的用法。(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。He judged that，because he was a child，he did not understand wine.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.(3)that和what的区别。that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词关系代词，即常说的先行词that。Its a shame that he has made such a mistake. I will do what I can (do) to help him.(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句) 2.whether和if的用法。 (1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。It all depends on whether they will come back.(2)后面直接跟or not 时用whether。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether不用if。Thank you，but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示不管、无论，而if不能。Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.3.疑问词ever和no matter疑问词的区别。(1)疑问词ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.(2)疑问词ever还可引导让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished.Whatever you do，you must do it well.(3)no matter疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it.No matter who comes late，he must be punished.4.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位语从句)This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句)5.名词性从句中that不宜省略的几种情况宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略，但在以下情况时，that不宜省略。 （1）当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引入第二个从句的连词that不可省略。如： The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed names by their parents. 老师告诉学生他们要在第二天交上作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。 （2）当that前面有插入语时，that不宜省略。如： Little Alice didn't know, I'm sure, that her sister was going to America. 我确信，小艾丽斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美国了。 （3）省略答语中，that宾语从句单独出现时，that不可省略。如： What did he say? 他说了什么 That he would visit the Great Wall. (他说)他将会参观长城。 （4）当主句的状语部分位于that 宾语从句之前时，that不宜省略。如： Jane realized at once that she must do with it herself. 珍立刻意识到她必须亲自处理那件事。(如省略that，at once也可能修饰从句，是表示立刻意识到，还是表示立刻去处理，较为含糊) （5） 当that 宾语从句中的状语部分位于从句的前部时，that不宜省略。如： Tom promised that if he could earn as much as 500 dollars in this month, he would buy a computer for his brother. 汤姆许下诺言，如果他在这个月里能够赚到500美元，他就给他的弟弟买台电脑。 （6）当that 宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that一般不宜省略。如： I will never tell anyone that you have ever been there. 我绝对不会告诉别人你曾经去过那儿。 （7）当为了强调而把that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。如： That they would take the risk was very clear. 他们将要冒这个险是很清楚的了。 （8）当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时，其宾语that从句中的 that 不宜省略。如： Mary has made up her mind that she will study hard for the scholarship, so she can have the chance to go abroad for further study. 玛丽下定决心努力学习以获得奖学金资格，这样她就有机会出国深造了。 （9）当that 宾语从句前有 it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略。如： We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.我们认为大学生至少掌握一门外语是很重要的。 （10）当引导同位语从句时，that一般不可省略，尤其当that与先行词处于分割情况时。如： He heard the news that his team had won. 他听到了他的队获胜的消息。 There is a feeling in me that they are cheating me. 我有一种感觉他们在骗我。 （11）当that 宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或是主语从句时，that不可省略。如： The doctor said that taking exercise was the best way of losing weight. 医生说运动是最好的减肥方式。 考向二 主语从句 1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示的东西时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。That she will succeed is certain.常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：(1)It系动词形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)that从句It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)that从句Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.(3)Itbe过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well­known，announced等)that从句It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.(4)It特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)that从句It happened to me that I had been away when he called.It is certain that she will succeed.注意：(1)在It is necessary/important/strange/natural.that从句结构中，从句谓语常用(should)动词原形形式。【拓展延伸】主语从句的引导词引导词作用引导词作用that无词义，在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略how多么，怎样，作方式状语或程度状语who谁，作主语、宾语when何时，作时间状语whom谁，作宾语where在哪儿，作地点状语what什么，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语why为什么，作原因状语which哪一个，哪些，作主语、宾语、定语whether是否【特别注意】当作主语的句子太长时，为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置后。if是否，不可直接引导主语从句(用it作形式主语时可以) 。3. 主语从句的特殊用法（1）主语从句与定语从句的转换What is needed has been bought. All that is needed has been bought. 所有需要的都被买了。（2）几个特殊句型之间的转换It is known to all that China has joined the WTO.As is known to all, China has joined the WTO.What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.众所周知，中国已加入WTO。1.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. whereverC. whoever D. whatever【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。2.（2017·北京卷·单项填空） Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，_ makes the most beautiful kite作主语，且所填词指人，既作从句的主语又作主句的主语，所以选 whoever(whomever不能作主语)。句意：每年， 在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。3.（2016·江苏卷·单项填空）It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A. whyB. whatC. asD. that【参考答案】D【答案解析】考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已，不能省略。连接副词why要在句中作状语，连接代词what通常在句中作主语、宾语或表语等；as通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。考向三宾语从句【难点梳理】引导宾语从句的连接词主要有：连接词：that，whether，if等连接代词：what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等连接副词：when，where，why，how等1. 连接词that，whether，if引导I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。注意：whether/if都意为是否。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。（1）与or not紧接连用时。Let me know whether or not you can come. 请让我知道你是否能来。（2）作介词的宾语从句时。We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting. 我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2. 连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等引导She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。Ill just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。3. 连接副词when，where，why，how等引导Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。4. 宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?5. 宾语从句的时态（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)she says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)He said that they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快。注意：在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了惯例。hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示喜欢；痛恨；认为的动词或动词短语和see to表示注意，留意后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral. 启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。介词后的宾语从句。She is always thinking of how she can do more for others. 她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。I dont believe he will come. 我相信他不会来。【巧学妙记】宾语从句的用法速记口诀宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that；一般疑问是否（if，whether）替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。1.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）What students do at college seems to matter much more than _8_ they go.【参考答案】where【答案解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。2.（2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错）The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.【参考答案】where改为when【答案解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where改为when。3.（2018·全国新课标卷III·语法填空）I'm not sure _61_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.【参考答案】which/who【答案解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which或者who”4. (2017·天津卷·单项填空) She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.A. when B. where C. whether D. what【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查宾语从句。根据“I admitted that I hadn't.”可知书还没还给图书馆，因此此处问的是是否(whether)已经还了。故选C项。句意：她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认没还。5.（2016·全国新课标卷I·短文改错）My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.【参考答案】that where 【答案解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。介词后面的宾语从句缺少状语，根据句意判断此处表示地点。故把that改为where。考向四表语从句引导表语从句的连接词主要有：连接词：that，whether连接代词：who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever whomever，whichever，whatever连接副词：when，where，how，why 1. 连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed. 他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。2. 连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge of this shop. 问题是谁将接管这家店铺。That is when I realized the importance of journalism. 那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。注意：（1）as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听上去好像有人在敲门。At that time, it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word. 当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。（2）当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason why. is that. The reason why he came late was that he got up late. 他来得晚是因为起床晚了。1.(2018·北京卷·单项填空) Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。2.（2016·北京卷·单项填空） The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why【参考答案】 B【试题解析】 考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到灰尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。考向五同位语从句1. 同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步解释、说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句常跟在名词idea, fact, news, hope, thought, suggestion等抽象名词之后；2. 连接词that不能省略，无意义无成分； 3. 用whether而不用if引导同位语从句；4. 连接代词who(m), which, what，whose在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；5. 连接副词where, when, why, how在从句作状语。6.分割式同位语从句：同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：（谓语较短，同位语从句较长）。The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.7.若被同位语从句说明的名词是：advice, suggestion, proposal(建议), demand, request, requirement, order(命令)等表示建议、命令、要求的词时，同位语从句的谓语用"(should)+do"。8.区别由that 引导的定语从句和同位语从句：定语从句中的that是代词，可在从句中作主、宾、表；同位语从句中的that是连词，无成分无意义；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系；同位语从句对名词即先行词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现。在名词和从句之间加be, 使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。1.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【参考答案】that【答案解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。2. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A. how    B. thatB. C. whichD. whether【参考答案】B【答案解析】 句意：最高水平成功的唯一途径是得有一个总的信念，那就是在运动场上你比任何人都强。分析句子结构可知 you are better than anyone else on the sports field是同位语从句，对belief进行解释说明，从句不缺句子成分，故用连接词that引导，答案为B。3.News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University.A. which           B. that  C. what             D. where【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查同位语从句。本题属于分割式同位语从句，谓语came较短，同位语从句较长，名词和同位语从句被from the school office 分开，that 引导同位语从句Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University解释news的内容，在句中起引导作用，没有具体的意思。故选B。题组一 基础过关 .用适当的连接词填空1. （2017·新课标卷I）The homeowner called to say _ the parents had responded to the recordings. 2. （2017·新课标卷I）What Im hoping to accomplish is _ my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand _ jazz is not black and write anymore.3. （2017·新课标卷III）The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable expe