考点21主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句-备战2021年高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx

考点20 主语、表语和同位语从句高考频度：考向二 主语从句 1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示的东西时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。That she will succeed is certain.常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：(1)It系动词形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)that从句It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)that从句Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.(3)Itbe过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well­known，announced等)that从句It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.(4)It特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)that从句It happened to me that I had been away when he called.It is certain that she will succeed.注意：(1)在It is necessary/important/strange/natural.that从句结构中，从句谓语常用(should)动词原形形式。【拓展延伸】主语从句的引导词引导词作用引导词作用that无词义，在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略how多么，怎样，作方式状语或程度状语who谁，作主语、宾语when何时，作时间状语whom谁，作宾语where在哪儿，作地点状语what什么，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语why为什么，作原因状语which哪一个，哪些，作主语、宾语、定语whether是否【特别注意】当作主语的句子太长时，为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置后。if是否，不可直接引导主语从句(用it作形式主语时可以) 。3. 主语从句的特殊用法（1）主语从句与定语从句的转换What is needed has been bought. All that is needed has been bought. 所有需要的都被买了。（2）几个特殊句型之间的转换It is known to all that China has joined the WTO.As is known to all, China has joined the WTO.What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.众所周知，中国已加入WTO。4. 从句作主语时，句子谓语动词的单复数问题(1)从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。That they are not going to the cinema is a big surprise to us.他们不去看电影，这使我们感到很惊讶。(2)what引导的从向作主语，谓语动词一般用单数;若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式,则谓语动词常用复数。What she said is wrong.她所说的是错误的。What we need are books.我们所需要的是书籍。1.(2018·天津卷·单项填空)The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. whereverC. whoever D. whatever【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。2.（2017·北京卷·单项填空） Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，_ makes the most beautiful kite作主语，且所填词指人，既作从句的主语又作主句的主语，所以选 whoever(whomever不能作主语)。句意：每年， 在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。3.（2016·江苏卷·单项填空）It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A. whyB. whatC. asD. that【参考答案】D【答案解析】考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已，不能省略。连接副词why要在句中作状语，连接代词what通常在句中作主语、宾语或表语等；as通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。考向四表语从句引导表语从句的连接词主要有：连接词：that，whether连接代词：who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever whomever，whichever，whatever连接副词：when，where，how，why 1. 连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed. 他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。2. 连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge of this shop. 问题是谁将接管这家店铺。That is when I realized the importance of journalism. 那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。注意：（1）as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听上去好像有人在敲门。At that time, it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word. 当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。（2）当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason why. is that. The reason why he came late was that he got up late. 他来得晚是因为起床晚了。2表语从句的三个易混句式句式用法例句This/'That is why+结果意为"这那就是.to work there. 那就是的原因"，why 引导表语从句。That's why I want you to work there.我想要你在那儿工作的原因。This/That/It is because +原因意为"这/那是因为.，because引导表语从句。It's just because he |doesn't know her. 这这仅仅是因为他不认识她 。The reason why. is that.意为".的原因是”，why定语从句，修饰先行词reason, that引导表语从句。The reason why he didn't come was that it was raining heavily.他没有来的原因是 (当时)雨下得很大。1.(2018·北京卷·单项填空) Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。2.（2016·北京卷·单项填空） The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why【参考答案】 B【试题解析】 考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到灰尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。考向五 同位语从句1. 同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步解释、说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句常跟在名词idea, fact, news, hope, thought, suggestion等抽象名词之后；2. 连接词that不能省略，无意义无成分； 3. 用whether而不用if引导同位语从句；4. 连接代词who(m), which, what，whose在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；5. 连接副词where, when, why, how在从句作状语。6.分割式同位语从句：同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：（谓语较短，同位语从句较长）。The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.7.若被同位语从句说明的名词是：advice, suggestion, proposal(建议), demand, request, requirement, order(命令)等表示建议、命令、要求的词时，同位语从句的谓语用"(should)+do"。8.区别由that 引导的定语从句和同位语从句：定语从句中的that是代词，可在从句中作主、宾、表；同位语从句中的that是连词，无成分无意义；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系；同位语从句对名词即先行词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现。在名词和从句之间加be, 使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。1.（2019·新课标I卷·语法填空）While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence _61_ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【参考答案】that【答案解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。2. (2019江苏T25) Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。2. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A. how    B. thatB. C. whichD. whether【参考答案】B【答案解析】 句意：最高水平成功的唯一途径是得有一个总的信念，那就是在运动场上你比任何人都强。分析句子结构可知 you are better than anyone else on the sports field是同位语从句，对belief进行解释说明，从句不缺句子成分，故用连接词that引导，答案为B。3.News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University.A. which           B. that  C. what             D. where【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查同位语从句。本题属于分割式同位语从句，谓语came较短，同位语从句较长，名词和同位语从句被from the school office 分开，that 引导同位语从句Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University解释news的内容，在句中起引导作用，没有具体的意思。故选B。题组一 基础过关I单句语法填空1_ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.2Children should be reminded of _ they should do in public places.3Dick enjoys painting but he knows the fact _ he doesn't have what it takes to be a professional.4Success partially depends on _ you have the patience to do simple things perfectly.5I lost my cell phone yesterday. Can you tell me _ I can buy one?6It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.7_ breaks the law will be punished.8She will give _ needs help a warm support.9I have no idea _ the girl is doing in her room now.10_ is well known to everyone, I should say, is that a man becomes learned by asking questions. 11Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.12It shocked the world _ the United States withdrew from some major agreements it had been committed to, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal.13I need help now! I have to fix a leaking pipe in my bathroom but I'm not sure _ I should begin.14Forty grams of meat per day is _ people should consume in order to stay fit.15The famous player tried again and again after each failure. That's _ he succeeded at last.16The retired engineer is showing _ the wheelchair climbs stairs, which all the curious visitors want to know. 17It hasn't been made clear _ the new underground line is to be open to traffic.18The problem is _ sometimes when we are given something on a constant basis, we start to take it for granted and forget to be thankful for what we already have.19Ten percent of life is _ happens to you and ninety percent is _ you respond to it.20After a day's exhausting climb we arrived at _ we had been told was Garden in the Air.21Sometimes, _ we show our gratitude to a person is reflected in the kind of food we serve him or her.22It remains to be seen _ this plan is practical enough to keep the project going.23Some summer camps can provide you with as many as ten courses, and you are required to choose _ suits you best. 24It is reported that a huge percentage of bird species are in danger. It's _ their habitats or homelands are disappearing. 25I just wonder _ it is that all the villagers think highly of him. 26If you leave this application form and go to another website, you will lose _ you have already filled out on this form.27_ they've managed to get everything finished so quickly is not clear to us.28A proposal was put forward at the meeting _ the new cement plant shouldn't be built near the school.29The most exciting moment was _ I was given the first prize.30They are discussing the problem _ they should stop investing money in that project. II单句改错1The fact when he had not said anything surprised me.2That the fat boy needs is much more practice.3That we can arrive there on time depends on the weather.4The reason why she doesn't like me is I make her angry.5I have been worrying about if I have hurt Mary's feelings.6That surprised us most was that Tom should have left without a word.7It's no longer a question now whether man can land on the moon.8The real reason why I don't have a hobby is because I don't have time.9The news they had won the game soon spread over the whole country. 10The organizers promise who wins the first prize a chance to go abroad. 11Mary is a humorous and warm­hearted woman and that is because she is a most popular person in her community.12The question is if they will be able to help us.13In the office an electrical engineer is looking through the instructions to know whether the heat system works.14I know nothing about him except he is from the south. 15He says the book is very interesting, and all the children love to read it. 题组二 能力提升1. 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。One Saturday afternoon，my mother was driving home. On the halfway，after pulling out her credit card to buy something at the store near the gas station，she put her wallet on _1_ top of her car just for a moment _2_(answer) my phone call. And then obviously，she forgot and drove off. When arriving home，she realized that and thought the chance _3_getting it again was small.She was so joyfully surprised when she found a note _4_(stick)on her door from a person who said he and his friend found her wallet a few hours earlier. Patrick and Catherine saw the wallet in the middle of the road a few blocks from the gas station. They stopped their car to pick it up. It was filled with all the things one_5_(natural)kept in a wallet，some bills and some cash included. However，no phone number，regardless of this，they_6_(manage)to get an address from my mothers driving licence，and without hesitation，they decided to drive to our home to return it.When my mother went to get her wallet，she was so _7_(relief) and grateful. She intended to give them some money as an _8_(express) of gratitude，but they refused，saying that they were just glad to offer my mother help.They were honest，and they had firm faith in the Golden Rule as well. They drove to our home because they realized the unpleasant and upset experience_9_the loss of a wallet and all its contents could cause. I think they were really_10_(consider) and helpful.2. 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A motorcycle, also_1_ (call)a motorbike, bike, or cycle, is a two-or three-wheeled motor vehicle. Motorcycle design varies greatly_2_(suit)a range of different purposes: long distance travel, commuting, cruising, and sports including racing and off-road riding. Motorcycling is about riding a motorcycle and some related _3_(society)activities such as joining a motorcycle club and _4_(attend)motorcycle rallies(拉力赛车)In 1894, Hildebrand&. Wolfmuller became the first series production motorcycle, and the first tobe called a motorcycle. In 2012, the three top motorcycle producers globally by volume_5_(be) Honda from Japan, Bajaj Auto and Hero MotoCorp,_6_were from India.The motorcycle is a kind of luxury goods in the developed world, where they are used mostly for leisure, as a lifestyle accessory or a symbol of personal identity. In developing countries, motorcycles are _7_ (extreme)practical due to lower prices and greater fuel economy. _8_all the motorcycles in the world, 58%are in the Asia Pacific and Southern and Eastern Asia _9_ (region), except car-centric Japan.However, there is data that people should pay attention to. According to the United States Department of Transportation, _10_number of deaths caused by motorcycles was 37 times larger than cars.3. 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Louis Cha (Chinese: Cha Leung Yung; 10 March 1924 - 30 October 2018), better known by his pen name Jin Yong, was a Chinese wuxia novelist and essayist, _1_ co-founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Bao in 1959 and served as _2_ first editor-in-chief. He _3_ (be) Hong Kongs most famous writer.His wuxia novels have a widespread following in Chinese communities worldwide. His 15 works _4_ (write) between 1955 and 1972 earned him a reputation as one of the greatest and most popular wuxia writers ever. By the time of his death he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million _5_ (copy) of his works have been sold worldwide. According to The Oxford Guide to Contemporary World Literature, Jin Yongs Novels are _6_ (high) evaluated and are able to appeal to both highbrow and lowbrow tastes. His works have the unusual ability _7_ (go) beyond geographical and ideological barriers separating Chinese communities of the world, achieving _8_ (great) success than any other contemporary writer.His works _9_ (translate) into many languages including English, French, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, Thai, Burmese, Malay and Indonesian. There are many fans outside of Chinese-speaking areas, as a result of the numerous adaptations of his works into films, television series, comics and video games.The asteroid (小行星) 10930