2021届高考二轮精品专题七 完形填空 学生版.docx

专题七××完形填空纵观近几年的高考完形填空的考查走势，全国各省市套卷中的完形填空仍然以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主。因此，记叙文和夹叙夹议文类的完形填空将继续成为2021高考命题的热点。传播正能量和具有积极意义的故事类记叙文和叙议结合文是命题的主流，让考生在考试中感悟人生哲理是命题的主要方向。近几年高考完形填空题的一个显著特点是突出语篇。吃透短文的大意是选择正确答题的基础。从每个小题的设计来看，只需读懂设空所在句，便可找到答案的题目在考试中所占的比例很小，需要通过上下文来考虑的题目每年要占70%以上，其中需要从全文角度考虑的占1/3以上，这些都体现了“突出语篇”的命题思路。一、词汇复现1.词汇复现包括：原词、同/近义词、反义词、同源词、概括词复现等。2.词汇复现主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。考生只需要在上下文中直接寻找与备选答案相关的词汇，不需要做出推理判断就可以轻松解决问题。这类设题形式分为前文提示和后文暗示两种。【典型例题】Right away, I 46 “Fire! Fire!” But there was no one nearby to 47 my shouts for help.46. A. saidB. shoutedC. receivedD. whispered【解析】考查动词。根据But there was no one nearby to 47 my shouts for help中的shouts可知作者在大喊。A. said：说；B. shouted：大喊；C. received：收到；D. whispered：窃窃私语，故选B。【答案】B二、前后照应完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇，前后照应题目的设计主要是考查考生的综合分析能力。有时提供的几个选择项孤立地从一个句子看或是从一个段落看似乎都可以，但需要从整篇文章上下文结合起来看，才能选出正确答案。【典型例题】Rincón was completely blacked out, so making a simple walk through a parking lot to our car is 52 . We used to rush to get things done before 53 , but now I continue daily chores in the dark.52. A. convenientB. ridiculousC. dangerousD. awkward【解析】考查形容词。A. convenient：方便的；B. ridiculous：可笑的；C. dangerous：危险的；D. awkward：尴尬的。根据上文，Rincón全部停电了，摸黑走到停车的地方是危险的，故选C。【答案】C53. A. scheduleB. sunsetC. deadlineD. daybreak【解析】考查名词。A. schedule：日程安排；B. sunset：日落；C. deadline：截止日期；D. daybreak：黎明。根据下文的“but now I continue daily chores in the dark”可知，之前“我”一直习惯在日落之前干完活，故选B。【答案】B【点拨】前后照应题目的解题技巧1.关键要弄清上下文之间的联系。在做出选择时，一定要前后照应，时刻不离开上下文。而且随着对短文的理解的逐步深入，对已做出的选择进行必要的修正。2.务必要进行复核。确定答案之后带入原文检查，看意义和逻辑关系是否符合，如不符合重新确定答案。三、固定搭配词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配是完形填空考查的重点，这是由动词在句子中的重要性决定的。动词在搭配关系上与名词、介词、副词紧密相连，可靠的范围较广。除此之外，还考查形容词与介词、介词与名词的固定搭配。【典型例题】To Americans, the goal of parents is to help children 45 on their own feet.45. A. sit B. get C. stand D. rise【解析】考查固定搭配。A. sit：坐；B. get：得到；C. stand：站立；D. rise：上升。对于美国人而言，父母养育孩子的目的在于帮助孩子自立，用stand on ones own feet表示“独立，自立”的含义，属于固定表达。故选C。【答案】C【点拨】固定搭配题目的解题技巧1.不能利用语法知识进行判断，只有熟悉其意义和用法，才能迅速准确地做出判断。做题时首先要通过上下文理解该句的意义，之后从搭配角度推选答案。2.完形填空考查的搭配主要是由动词介词、动词副词、形容词介词、介词名词等构成，这需要考生在平时的练习中注意词组、短语的整体记忆，掌握它们的搭配规律。3.有些短语含有多种意义，做题时要根据语境判断使用哪个含义。四、词义辨析在完形填空题各空格所提供的四个选项中，往往存在大量同义词、近义词、反义词、同类词等（也有一部分没有任何关系的词汇掺在其中），考查具体语境下它们的意义差别。此类题目所占比例最大，难度也较大。【典型例题】As they walked, sometimes only 48 0.9 miles in an entire day, they 49 and steadily made their way across the United States for three years, picking up a total of 201,678 pounds of trash.48. A. drivingB. fixingC. ridingD. covering【解析】考查动词辨析。A. driving：开车；B. fixing：安装；C. riding：骑车；D. covering：覆盖，采访，占地，走了路。此处表示走了0.9里路。故D选项正确。【答案】D49. A. slowlyB. secretlyC. helplesslyD. frequently【解析】考查副词辨析。A. slowly：缓慢地；B. secretly：秘密地；C. helplessly：无助地；D. frequently：频繁地。根据前句他们有时一整天就走了0.9里路，所以比较缓慢。故A选项正确。【答案】ACatherine and Davey 50 with us wonderful stories of hope and inspiration that fueled their 51 to continue their journey.50. A. heardB. sharedC. wroteD. read【解析】考查动词辨析。A. heard：听到；B. shared：分享；C. wrote：写；D. read：读。句意：凯瑟琳和戴维与我们分享了关于希望和灵感的精彩故事。故B选项正确。【答案】B51. A. effortsB. costsC. problemsD. choices【解析】考查名词辨析。A. efforts：努力；B. costs：花费；C. problems：问题；D. choices：选择。句意：这些故事激励着他们继续他们的旅程。故A选项正确。【答案】A【点拨】词义辨析题目的解题技巧1.必须将词语辨析与上下文情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇意义入手，抓住情节线索解决问题。做题时严格区分、细心比较，看其搭配、习惯用法，尤其看其内涵和外延，即词义的差异，才能找出一个合乎情理的答案。2.在日常练习时，可以将完形填空题选项中涉及的词汇整理在一个表格中，添加详细的辨析，并且反复复习。五、背景常识高考英语完形填空的材料都选自原汁原味的英美文章，反映英语国家的历史文化、风土人情、民俗、节日、生活习惯等方面的信息。同时，也有可能涉及人物的社会关系、职位、安全、学习及生活方面的常识。要求考生平时要多了解英语国家的历史文化和风俗习惯等方面的知识，从而培养跨文化交际能力。【典型例题】When they 50 young adulthood, they choose their own jobs and marriage 51 .51. A. partnersB. wivesC. husbandsD. couples【解析】考查名词。A. partners：伙伴；B. wives：妻子；C. husbands：丈夫；D. couples：夫妻。从常识判断，当孩子们从青少年时期进入成年期的时候，他们能自由地选择自己的工作和人生伴侣（marriage partner）了。由于前文未明确性别，故B和C项都为片面用词，D项表示夫妻，不合语境。故选A。【答案】A【点拨】背景常识题目的解题技巧解答此类题时，考生的英语语言知识和有关常识都发挥着重要的作用。当对语言的把握不是很准确时，要转换思维角度，可充分利用社会知识和科普常识来帮助判断，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围，最终确定最佳选项。六、语法分析虽然近些年来，高考英语在弱化英语语法的考查，但并不是说全然不考，对于某些省份来说，英语语法的考查占比仍然不小。因此，在备考复习过程中，考生仍然需要予以足够重视，尤其重点掌握定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句的使用。【典型例题】I cannot thank you enough for 19 you told me one autumn afternoon when I was nine. After finishing my homework.19. A. whatB. thatC.whichD.where【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：我非常感激在我九岁那年秋天的下午，你告诉我的一切。what引导的是宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。【答案】A七、对比并列结构分析所谓对比结构分析，是指设空处前后有and/or/but之类的提示词，前后结构内涵均保持一致。甚至有时设空处后面的单词与考查的单词意思大致相同，但只是起强调作用。在做题的过程中留心前后句结构的一致性，对于提高解题速度大有裨益。【典型例题1】The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征) 41 comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may be comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers, you may 43 a fatter pen.42. A. strongB. weakerC. smallerD. larger【解析】考查形容词。根据前句的small和后面的fatter可知，此处应是填small的反义词，且因前后句存在对比关系，因此选择比较级，即larger。【答案】D【典型例题2】I remember one of my last few years at an amusement park. I had spent about five years working a booth(货摊) across from a(n) 21 comedian(喜剧演员).His name was Moonie. He was 22 amazing, and his act was done using nothing but gestures and noises instead of 23 .21. A. boringB. wonderfulC. strangeD. honest【解析】考查形容词。A. boring：无聊的；B. wonderful：很棒的；C. strange：陌生的；D. honest：诚实。根据下文amazing可知这个喜剧演员很棒。故选B。【答案】B （70分钟）经典训练题1.（2020·全国III卷）As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 1 can also drive you mad. Theyll come rushing in, 2 their handbags been stolen. Theyll 3 that they left it in the changing room, create havoc(混乱) and then 4 it had been in their car all the time. Theyll have out half the 5 in the shop, and want the only style you dont have left in a 6 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 7 .I remember the first really 8 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was 9 absolutely everything. Nothing was right and I was rather 10 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 11 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, living in a flat 12 , and since shed found it too much to cope with(应对), shed taken it out on 13 people.That taught me a valuable 14 and I pass it on to the people who 15 in the market. Dont take it 16 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe shes had a row with her husband. Maybe her childs not 17 .” Always water it down and dont let your ego(自我) get 18 . If you do, you wont be able to 19 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 20 everyones day.1. A. shopkeepersB. customersC. salespersonsD. receptionists2. A. sayingB. pretendingC. guessingD. replying3. A. agreeB. promiseC. imagineD. swear4. A. forgetB. decideC. discoverD. assume5. A. foodsB. cataloguesC. belongingsD. goods6. A. particularB. differentC. matchingD. natural7. A. fightingB. smilingC. waitingD. changing8. A. generousB. politeC. carelessD. difficult9. A. curious aboutB. displeased withC. patient withD. uncertain about10. A. relaxedB. delightedC. surprisedD. embarrassed11. A. searchedB. arguedC. prayedD. apologized12. A. by chanceB. by herselfC. on purposeD. on duty13. A. rudeB. suchC. otherD. lonely14. A. lessonB. trickC. skillD. trade15. A. workB. shopC. meetD. quarrel16. A. kindlyB. secretlyC. personallyD. casually17. A. readyB. awayC. upD. well18. A. out of sightB. in the wayC. behind the sceneD. above the law19. A. stressB. expectC. handleD. blame20. A. ruinsB. makesC. startsD. saves 2.It was a winter night and I was in a foreign country. Though I knew everything here well, I might still 21 other people to help me with 22 .I took a midnight 23 from the capital to the city where I lived. I was trying not to 24 as I would be home towards 2 am, but funnily enough I fell asleep and 25 my eyes only when the train passed the 26 where I was due to get off. The controllers told me to 27 at the next station and wait for the train to my 28 at 4 am. I got off at the station but it looked like it would be 29 to wait there alone for the next train.One of the controllers 30 there got off with me, saying he felt it was not safe to leave me there 31 . He invited me to get into his 32 because it was 33 outside. I was a bit doubtful, but I decided to 34 him. Entering the car, we started talking. I told him that I had often 35 this station, but never visited the city. So he 36 me a short ride to see Reggia, I was completely shocked, but did not feel anything 37 . Therefore, I agreed.Actually, I found it very 38 . He simply wanted me to see Reggia. He 39 me around and at about 4 am he sent me back to the station.Up to now, Ive always 40 him with deep gratitude and respect. His help with the emergency made the winter night unforgettable and full of warmth. What I could do was just passing on the kindness in my life.21. A. wishB. enjoyC. needD. persuade22. A. schedulesB. luggageC. difficultiesD. emergencies23. A. busB. trainC. carD. plane24. A. fall asleepB. fold inC. pass awayD. wake up25. A. closedB. openedC. hurtD. harmed26. A. townB. hospitalC. schoolD. station27. A. fix upB. get offC. pull awayD. turn over28. A. villageB. townC. cityD. country29. A. dangerousB. crazyC. usefulD. important30. A. livingB. standingC. knowingD. helping31. A. bitterB. calmC. aloneD. delighted32. A. roomB. carC. houseD. office33. A. freezingB. coolC. wetD. warm34. A. watchB. respectC. thankD. trust35. A. enteredB. wentC. passedD. jumped36. A. offeredB. startedC. gaveD. paid37. A. positiveB. negativeC. unforgettableD. sad38. A. annoyingB. beautifulC. disturbingD. nice39. A. cycledB. suspectedC. droveD. changed40. A. forgottenB. visitedC. remindedD. remembered3.When school started on that warm August day, I threw myself into everything I did, including playing volleyball. I decided to become 41 , or at the very least, skinny. I stopped eating completely. Soon I began losing weight, which thrilled me, and I even grew to love the tiredness and lightheadedness that came with my 42 diet, for those feelings meant that I was 43 . 44 the season progressed, things had become 45 between my head volleyball coach, Coach Smith and me. She felt that something was wrong with my 46 . She talked with me about my eating and was 47 that I turned a deaf ear to her when she tried to make me eat. She tried to persuade me in a determined way and so we fought 48 . Then my 49 started to affect my performance. I was so tired that practice and games were becoming a(n) 50 . One afternoon, with hurt in her eyes, Coach Smith asked me what I had eaten and I told her nothing yet, 51 I was going to. She looked at me, 52 in her eyes, knowing she couldnt make me stop, and walked away.A couple of weeks later I attended a formal dinner for our volleyball team. I stood there as my coach managed to say something nice about me. I 53 then that I had ruined my senior year by being 54 , and I had probably ruined hers as well. So that evening I wrote her a letter 55 and thanking her.Then one Saturday, as I was reading in the library, I felt someone 56 take my arm and say softly, “Lynn Jones, how are you doing?” I 57 and saw the familiar face. “Thanks for the letter,” she said. “It meant a lot.”When I think of a coach, I think of someone above me, someone who gives 58 not a friend. But Coach Smith is 59 , and, like any other good friend, she dealt with my problem in a determined way even when I hated her for it at that time. I didnt 60 her kindness, but she gave it anyway. I will forever be grateful for her help, and now for her friendship.41. A. strongB. beautifulC. healthyD. independent42. A. organicB. standardC. poorD. abundant43. A. winningB. losingC. risingD. running44. A. WithB. AsC. BecauseD. Though45. A. limitedB. smoothC. tightD. tense46. A. performanceB. emotionC. fitnessD. mood47. A. embarrassedB. annoyedC. curiousD. cautious48. A. generallyB. occasionallyC. constantlyD. gradually49. A. angerB. hungerC. eagernessD. anxiety50. A. dilemmaB. opportunityC. struggleD. fight51. A. butB. soC. orD. for52. A. excitementB. disappointmentC. astonishmentD. encouragement53. A. recognizedB. estimatedC. assumedD. realized54. A. determinedB. dishonestC. discouragedD. disrespected55. A. persuadingB. apologizingC. praisingD. rewarding56. A. gentlyB. patientlyC. casuallyD. randomly57. A. looked aroundB. looked upC. looked downD. looked over58. A. instructionB. introductionC. entertainmentD. information59. A. kindB. seriousC. differentD. friendly60. A. deserveB. expectC. needD. fancy经典训练题1.【答案】1-5 BADCD6-10 ABDBC11-15 DBCAA16-20 CDBCA【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一名女商人，遇到过各种各样让人抓狂的顾客，而有一个难缠的顾客，一开始对每件事都不满意，结果居然成了常客。最后顾客告诉作者，是因为自己和丈夫分居了，于是把气撒到其他人身上，这让作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然当事情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。1.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。A. shopkeepers：店主；B. customers：顾客；C. salespersons：售货员；D. receptionist：接待员。根据空格上文“I care deeply about my customers”可知此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。故选B。2.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会冲进来，说手提包被偷了。A. saying：说；B. pretending：假装；C. guessing：猜测；D. replying：回答。结合空格后文“their handbags been stolen”可知此处是指说的内容应用say。故选A。3.考查动词词义辨析。A. agree：同意；B. promise：承诺；C. imagine：想象；D. swear：发誓。顾客冲进作者的店里，信誓旦旦地说自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。故选D。4.考查动词词义辨析。A. forget：忘记；B. decide：决定；C. discover：发现；D. assume：假设。结合空格后文“it had been in their car all the time”可知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。故选C。5.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的商品。A. foods：食物种类；B. catalogues：目录；C. belongings：所有物；D. goods：商品。结合后文in the shop可知此处指的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。6.考查形容词词义辨析。A. particular：特别的；B. different：不同的；C. matching：相配的；D. natural：自然的。结合上文“the only style you dont have”可知顾客试了店里一半的商品，结果想要的只是那种独特（particular）没有存货的款式。其它选项带入不符合语境。故选A。7.考查动词词义辨析。句A. fighting：打架；B. smiling：微笑；C. waiting：等待；D. changing：改变。结合空格上文可知，一些顾客有一些很无厘头的要求和行为，面对这种情况，虽然店员会很沮丧，“但是”一词表示转折，与“沮丧”一词情感色彩相反，结合选项，B项“微笑”符合句意。故选B。8.考查形容词词义