2021届高考二轮精品专题六 七选五 教师版.docx

专题六××七选五 考试说明对阅读七选五题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”在选择文本材料的时候，命题人就要考虑文本内容的整体性和逻辑性。纵观近三年高考全国卷阅读七选五的选材，主要是以贴近考生生活或者考生感兴趣的说明文为主，偶尔出现记叙文(如2017年全国卷)。说明文文体的文章结构严谨、层次分明、条理清晰、逻辑严密。文中常含有ways, methods, skills, techniques, suggestions, tips, steps, how, how to do sth.等词，这些词都是关键性的提示词、总结词，有利于考生准确把握文章主旨。阅读七选五文中设五个空，依据挖空位置，可将5个题目分为段首题、段中题和段尾题；依据句子在文中的作用，可分为“主旨概括句(涉及文章整体内容)”“语段过渡句(反映文章结构)”和“细节注释句(反映上下文的逻辑关系)”三个类型。1.语境线索1)词汇重现（以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。或者以同义词、近义词甚至反义词等形式出现）2)指称（用代词替代前文已出现的人物、事件、物品等，如he, she, they，them）3)逻辑关系词并列与递进关系：and, or, also, neithernor,eitheror,likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, the same as, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition to ,what is more转折让步关系：but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of, it is true that, although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of因果关系：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, sothat, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, for this reason, of course顺序关系：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, in the first place,to start with，in the meantime, last, later, next, second, secondly, then, third, thirdly, to begin with 解释关系因果关系转折关系2.根据空格所在位置确定不同的解题策略1)如果空格在段首或为段落标题，通常是段落主题句。2)如果空格在段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word。3)如果空格是一整个自然段，通常是承上启下的句子。 （60分钟）经典训练题（一）Apps (short for applications) are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, and for good reason. They can help you out in just about every area of your life, whether it's keeping fit, communicating with friends, or even learning a language. _1_ Here's what you should think about before downloading an app for language learning.Learn from diverse sources (not just apps)Any seasoned language learner will tell you that the beauty of mastering a foreign language is the world which it opens up to you. This is a world of diverse sources(来源) of information, from newspapers and books to TV, radio, music and even real people. Would you limit yourself to one medium in your native language? _ 2 _ Establish your purpose and plan your habits Do you want to be fluent in weeks or are you in it for the brain training? The good apps are designed to help you fit your studies around your timetable. _3_ These apps encourage habit building, because the successful formation of a habit ensures your safe and regular return.Make it social_4_ I mean social for real. I owe the speed of progress I made in Italian to the support from Jim, my partner in study time. Find a friend to accompany you. Take an evening class. Borrow a book. Buy a book. Book a week away and attend a language school. Just don't forget your phone!If I may speak sincerely, the combination of app, language school, Jim, evenings out, and a choice book or two proved extremely effective. _5_A. I recommend it. B. Remember that an app is just a tool.C. No, I don't mean posting your progress online.D. I encourage you to use apps as often as you can.E. Probably not, so why do so in your new language?F. The best apps adapt themselves based upon your behavior.G. However, you need to know how to use them properly to really benefit.【答案】1-5 GEFCA【解析】本文为说明文，主要介绍了使用APP学习语言的几种不同方法。1.过渡衔接句。根据下文可知，作者对于读者关于应该如何使用APP学习语言从而真正获益提出了一些建议，下文都是建议使用的方法。故G项最为符合文意。2.细节支撑句。根据本段上文可以推知，上文讲述的是掌握一门语言这件事所拥有的魅力在于它为你展现的一整个世界，一个具有多重来源的世界。它告诉我们不能局限在一个单一的信息源上，而是需要多渠道地关照语言背后的世界。故E项即对前句的设问做出了回答，也最为符合段意。3.细节支撑句。根据“these apps encourage habit building”可知，此空涉及的对象为一些可以促成良好行为习惯养成的APP。又根据前句可知“The good apps are designed to help you fit your studies around your timetable”即好的APP可以根据你的时间表来安排、促进你的学习。呼应上下文，F选项最为贴合段意，也即最好的APP会基于使用者的行为来调整自身。4.细节支撑句。根据后文“I mean social for real”可知，此空应为前后对比。作者在后文举例说明了“make it social”的真实含义并不是让读者把学习的进度公布在社交网络上，而是将学习融入生活的各个方面，比如和伙伴一同学习，或是报名参加语言学校，都是可以提升自己语言能力的好方法。故C选项为正确选项。5.主旨概括句。根据上文“Dont forget your phone!”我们可知，作者希望读者在完成上述文章中提及的事情时不要忘记使用APP，也即要多用APP进行语言学习。故本题A项最为符合题意。（二）Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 6 Do you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often, when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.” 7 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking. Peoples attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speakers message. So, dont stop speaking when you make a mistake unless its a truly serious one. 8 Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 9 And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis. 10 Its rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On the other hand, you probably cant count the times that youve thought, “Im glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. Its better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.A. Do the opposite.B. You want to be an effective public speaker.C. You dont need to apologize for a minor slip.D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.【答案】6-10 GACBD【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了成为一个优秀的演说家必须掌握的原则。6. 过渡衔接句。本文结构为总分，第一段总领全文，设空前一句谈到有些人生来就有演讲的天赋，后一句设问你想成为一个优秀的演说家吗？以下是一些你必须掌握的原则，前后为转折关系，审视选项，G（然而，大多数人之所以能成为有效的演讲者，是因为他们受过训练。）符合文意，故选G。7. 细节支撑句。设空前一句谈到很多时候，当你站起来演讲时，你会把注意力放在“公众”上，而不是“演讲”上，后文谈到专注于演讲，直接和你的听众交谈，做你自己，建立联系。审视选项，A（做相反的事。）符合文意，故选A。8. 主旨概括句。设空处位于段末，此段主要告诉人们不要害怕犯错，听众的注意力总是分散的，所以，当你犯错时不要停止说话，除非是非常严重的错误，审视选项，C（你不需要为一个小失误道歉。）符合文意，故选C。9. 细节支撑句。设空前一句谈到你的目标不是成为一个完美的公众演说家，根据复现词“speaker”，且设空后文谈到就像生活中的其他事情一样，这需要练习可知，B（你想成为一个有效的公众演说家。）符合文意，故选B。10. 主旨概括句。设空处位于段首，结合本段大意尤其是“Its rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer.”.“Im glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever!”和“Its better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.”可知，听众希望演讲是言简意赅的，审视选项，D（就公开演讲而言，通常少即是多。）符合文意，故选D。 (三)Do you invest too much value into words added by strangers? No matter what you do or say, or how you act, people will always give their opinions about you. 11 Otherwise, you'll allow others' opinions to not only hurt you, but often define you. Here are ways to stop caring about what other people think of you.Keep in mind not everyone cares. Everyone is troubled by anxiety, and they might be too busy to immediately recognize yours. 12 They're always too busy thinking about their families, work, and whatever else to form a detailed opinion about you.Think about who you want to be. By allowing others' opinions to influence and dominate your life, you're handing them your power. If you can relate to this, ask yourself, what do you want? Are you making these choices only to impress others? 13 Accept not everyone will like you. In life, some people will like you and others might not. 14 But most of the time, that's their mindset only, which has nothing to do with you. There will be people who will accept all of you and people who will be supportive and kind. These are the people who deserve to walk with you. 15 You may worry about ending up looking like a fool because of a mistake, but mistakes are unavoidable. When you overcome your fear of making mistakes and build resilience to the pain that may come from failure, you will be unstoppable. One way to deal with anxieties about messing up is to make a list of all the possible things that could go wrong.A. Take on the challenges.B. Don't let them get to you.C. The only opinion that matters to you is yours.D. The key is to be selective about what you care about.E. People all around you have enough to occupy their minds.F. It is really hard to face someone who has negative views of you.G. Even your decisions, from this angle, will help you become self-confident.【答案】11-15 BEDFA【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲如何正确看待别人对自己的评价。11.根据下文“Otherwise, you'll allow others opinions to not only hurt you, but often define you.”中的“otherwise”可知，前后句应该是转折关系。后文提到别人对你的评价，会对你带来伤害。前文应该是避免这种事情发生，所以不能让那些评价影响到你。get to sb.影响某人，故选B。12.本段主要讲的是人们并不会太在意对你的评价，因为他们忙于各种事务当中。后文提到人们忙于考虑家人、工作或者其他，以至于不能对你做出更细致的评价。People all around you have enough to occupy their minds.你周围的人要处理的事务占据了他们的大脑。引出下文具体有哪些事务，故选E。13.根据上文“If you can relate to this, ask yourself, what do you want?”可知，问一问自己你想要什么。The key is to be selective about what you care about. 关键是对你所关心的事情要有选择性，选择你真正在乎的，与他人无关，符合本段主题，what do you want呼应what you care about。故选D。14.上文“Accept not everyone will like you. In life, some people will like you and others might not.”接受生活中不是所有人都喜欢你。It is really hard to face someone who has negative views of you. 面对这些对你有消极印象的人真的很难。选项中的“someone who has negative views of you”呼应前文的“Accept not everyone will like you.”，承接上文，符合语境，故选F。15.下文“You may worry about ending up looking like a fool because of a mistake, but mistakes are unavoidable.”，不要担心犯错后像个傻子，错误是不可避免的。可知，多做有挑战的事可以得到成长。Take on the challenges.接受挑战，符合本段大意，故选A。 （四）We all want to go somewhere somewhere that has been on our bucket list ages. 16 We often picture the scenes like four cities in seven days, “must-sees” in Tokyo，famous landmarks in Europe and so on. Its as if the faster were checking things off our list, the more we are experiencing. 17 Traveler, the South Korean reality show, can perhaps give us some idea of what travel is like Traveler's travelers don't have a mission and there isnt a competition for them to win.Instead, it focuses on “depicting (描绘) the real experience of traveling by showing the processes of finding a place to stay or grabbing (拦下) a taxi”, according to The Korea Times. 18 It isnt about getting or not getting somewhere as quickly as possible, but about simply being excited as youre getting there or not getting there at all. 19 You may ignore the guidebooks recommendation and ask local people where they prefer to eat and hang out. And youll be surprised by what a place has to offer when youre not busy rushing around and checking things off your bucket list.Travel is just like life. There is little fun in it if everything is predictable. 20 But as travel blog CheeseWeb puts it, as long as you keep an open mind, youll see that “everywhere is somewhere”.A. Its true that we all want to go “somewhere”.B. But do you know what you are experiencing?C. Why not stop rushing you off your feet and slow down?D. This is actually the concept of whats called “slow travel”.E. So, we tend to squeeze as many sights into our trip as possible.F. You may try to wander off the main road and take a back street instead.G. However, concerning its probably not quantity that counts but quality.【答案】16-20 EGDFA【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“慢旅游”这种旅游方式的含义与意义。16.后文提到我们旅游的方式，通常是七天内游览四个城市、到东京的必看之地、欧洲著名的地标建筑等等。就好像我们越快把事情从清单上划掉，我们经历的就越多。说明我们旅行得匆匆忙忙。E项中squeeze as many sights into our trip as possible对应下文中的picture the scenes like four cities in seven days, “must-sees” in Tokyo, famous landmarks in Europe and so on。故选E项。17.由下一句Traveler, the South Korean reality show, can perhaps give us some idea of what travel is like Traveler's travelers don't have a mission and there isnt a competition for them to win.可知，这才是有质量的旅行，承接下文，G选项“然而，重要的可能不是数量而是质量”切题；该选项中的counts but quality对应下文中的“有质量的旅行”内容。故选G项。18.由下一句It isnt about getting or not getting somewhere as quickly as possible, but about simply being excited as youre getting there or not getting there at all.可知，承接下文，D选项“这实际上就是所谓的慢旅游的概念。”切题；下一句是对本空“慢旅游”的概念的解释。故选D项。19.由下一句“你可以忽略旅游指南的建议，问问当地人喜欢在哪里吃饭和闲逛”可知，承接下文，F选项“你可以试着离开主干道，改走偏僻的街道”切题；该选项和下一句是并列表述，都是在举例说明怎么去慢旅游，本段的最后一句话是说这样的慢旅游会给人带来惊喜，也就是进一步说明慢旅游的好处。故选F项。20.由下一句“但正如旅游博客CheeseWeb所说，只要你保持开放的心态，你就会发现“到处都是某处”。”可知，承接下文，A选项“的确，我们都想去某个地方”切题；该选项中的somewhere对应下文中的everywhere is somewhere，属于同词复现。故选A项。（五）The aging process affects the human body in many ways. One thing that happens to all of us as we age is muscle loss. Some experts say it can start as early as age 30. In fact, muscle loss may be a natural part of aging. 21 It is better to start strength training when you are younger and in good health.But what exactly is “strength training”? Simply put, strength training is an activity that makes one's muscles stronger. Here are reasons to start your strength training today.Develop strong bones 22 which can increase the thickness or density of bones and reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis (骨质疏松症) a disease that weakens bones, making them easy to break. 23 Strength training can help you to take control of your weight and even lose weight. Muscle weighs more than fat. But muscle increases your metabolism (新陈代谢), and a higher metabolism helps you burn more calories.Improve your quality of lifeStrength training can improve your ability to do everyday activities. For example, having stronger muscles makes it easier to lift and move things. Strong muscles can improve your balance. 24 As we age, this can greatly add to your quality of life.Improve your thinking skillsMayo Clinic says some research shows that regular strength training, when combined with other kinds of exercise, has good results. 25 A. Then, let it aloneBManage your weightCEnhance the value of weight lossDBut you can do some things to slow it downE. Strength training puts pressure on your bonesF. It may help older adults understand and learn betterG. So, your risk of falling or getting injured may be lessened【答案】21-25 DEBGF【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了力量训练给人们带来的积极影响。21根据上文In fact, muscle loss may be a natural part of aging.可知，肌肉丧失是无法逆转的。下文“It is better to start strength training when you are younger and in good health.说明，我们对于肌肉丧失这个问题还是可以做一些事情来减缓的。故选D项。22根据小标题Develop strong bones可知，填空处应与骨骼（bones）的相关论述有关。E选项Strength training puts pressure on your bones符合段落语境。故选E项。23下文Strength training can help you to take control of your weight and even lose weight.说明力量训练可以有效帮助自己管理体重。B选项Manage your weight为本段的小标题。故选B项。24上文Strong mus