2021届人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义（09）关系代词知识点总结整理.docx

2021届人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义（09）关系代词知识点总结整理关系词也起句子的连接作用，但种类繁多，特别整理分享给大家。关系词总共有3种：关系代词。关系代词主要有who，whom，which和that。关系代词用来引导定语从句。例1：He is a man who always means what he says例2：Thats the book which Ilike例3：He works hard，which is a fact that we all know在第1例中，who代替 a man ;例2中which代替the book;而在例3中，which代表he works hard，that代表a fact，相当于which。关系代词使用有2个原则A关系代词前要有先行词（表人或事物的名词）B关系代词在所引导的定语从句中要作主语、宾语和表语；否则关系单词前一定要有介词解说：例1He is a good student who studies hard. Who在引导的定语从句中作主语，之前有先行词 a good student。所以句子正确例2He is a boy whom everyone loves. whom 在引导的定语从句中作宾语，之前有先行词 a boy。所以句子正确例3He is a man whom I enjoy working.这个句子正确吗？whom之前有先行词，满足第一原则；但是在定语从句中已经有主语I ，而working 为不及物动词变成的动名词，之后不能接宾语。所以whom在句中既不能作主语也不能做宾语。因此要加介词。He is a man for whom I enjoy working (他是一个我很乐意为他工作的人)He is a man with whom I enjoy working. (他是一个我很乐意与他工作的人)，这里可以把介词放到后面形成：He is a man whom I enjoy working with.介词置后可以省略关系代词形成：he is a man I enjoy working with. which除了代替事物，还可以代替之前的句子，但要用逗号隔开。例. He smokes three packs of cigarettes a day,which definitely does harm to his health.that 也可做关系代词，取代who、whom或which，但使用that有两个条件。一是之前不能有逗号，二是之前不能有介词。例. I like the girl that(who) is sitting there.但有些情况只能使用that：A. 序数词和最高级之后只能用that例. Gambling is the last thing that I would do (赌博是我最不想做的事)She is the best girl that I have ever saw(她是我见过最好的女孩)BAll和Everything之后。All（everything）that he said is true.C. 两个性质不一样的先行词共用一个关系词时，用that。Look at the boy and the dog that are coming this way.D. 关系代词若在be动词之后作表语，表某人身份时，要使用that。He is not the person that he once was. (他不在是当年的他了)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别非限制性定语从句：先行词为专有名词（如人名Tom、地名Africa）及独一性名词（如father），之后若接关系代词所引导的定语从句时，该关系代词之前一定要置逗号。此时该定语从句称为非限制性定语从句。例. He has just come back from New York, which is a very big city in the United States。（他刚从纽约回来，那是美国的一座大城市）限制性定语从句：先行词为一般名词且未具特殊性，可用定语从句加以限制，以加强其特殊性。翻译时先译定语从句再译先行词。例. He is a boy who works hard. (他是位很用功的男孩)例.I like the book which he bought yesterday.(我喜欢他昨天买的书)注意A.在限制性定语从句中，若关系代词为及物动词的宾语，则该关系代词可以省略。例. I like the book which he bought yesterday| like the book he bought yesterday.B.限定性定语从句中，关系代词为主语时，可简化为分词短语。法则是:删除关系代词，之后的动词变成现在分词(若为be动词直接省略)例. The girl who dance here yesterday is my sisterThe girl dancing here yesterday is my sister关系代所有格关系代词所有格乃是人称代词所有格（his,your,their,its等）变化而成，和关系代词一样引导定于从句，修饰前面的名词。例1：She has an uncle whose name is Peter例2：I like that house, whose location looks good to me从上面的例子可以看出，Whose可以代替人或物，引导定语从句，修饰前面的名词。关系代词所有格使用要遵循以下两耳原则：第一是关系代词所有格之前必须要有先行词第二关系代词所有格之后的名词要做定语从句中的宾语或者主语，否者该关系代词所有格之前要置介词。例1I hate john, whose words are seldom true(我讨厌约翰，他说的话几乎是假的)。Whose words之前有先行词John，且作从句的主语，所以此句正确。注意之前小皮说过Whose可以代替人或物，但代替物时: whose + n.可用the +n. + ofwhich或of which + the +n.代替。例. I like study in this school, whose faculty and facilities are top-notch= I like study in this school, of which the faculty and facilities are top-notch .= I like study in this school, the faculty and facilities of which are top-notch .