高考复习高中英语语法知识梳理 第1章 动词时态 进行时.docx

进行时 二、进行时进行时表示动作正在进行，这个动作是暂时的，也是未完成的。进行时包括现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时。A. 现在进行时1. 现在进行时的构成现在进行时是由“am, is, are +现在分词”构成的。I'm reading the evening newspaper.我正在看晚报。Now it isn't snowing outside.现在外面不在下雪。Are they playing soccer in the playground?他们正在操场上踢足球吗？ 2. 现在进行时的用法现在进行时的基本用法a. 表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作通常由表示“此刻”的时间状语（now, at this moment），或通过 Look/Listen!这两个提示语来表明此时此刻动作正在进行。She is making a fire now.她正在生火。Listen! Mary is singing an English song in the classroom.听！玛丽正在教室里唱英文歌。b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作 They are planting trees on the hill these days. 这几天他们正在山上种树。I don't really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.我并不在这儿工作，我只是在新秘书来之前帮帮忙罢了。b. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作能这样用的动词并不多，通常是 arrive, begin, come, do, drive, fly, go, leave, stay等表示位置转移的动词。这种用法比较生动，给人以一种期待感。Jane and Betty are going on holiday in a few days.几天后简和贝蒂将出去度假。Where are you staying in Guangzhou? 你到广州后准备住在哪里？现在进行时的特殊用法a. 表示一种重复的动作，带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩现在进行时往往与 constantly, always, forever 等状语连用，给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。She's constantly complaining.她不停地抱怨。My brother is always leaving things about.我弟弟总是乱丢东西。He is forever thinking of doing more for the students.他总是想着为学生多做些事情。b.表示某一具体动作或心理状态的发展过程The house is falling down.房子正在倒下。The weather is changing for the better.天气慢慢转好了。注意：有时表示一个动作刚刚开始。I'm forgetting my English. 我的英语开始忘了。Food is costing more.食品贵了起来。b. 强调动作的重复The train is arriving late almost every day this summer.这个夏季火车几乎天天晚点。Someone is knocking at the door. 有人不断地在敲门。The boy is jumping with joy.那男孩高兴地跳个不停。c. 表示两个动作是同一动作He who helps others is helping himself.帮人就是帮自己。If you insist on doing it, you are doing a foolish thing.如果你坚持做这件事，你就是在干傻事。e.be 动词的进行时态be 动词一般不用于进行时态。但有时可用“am, is, are + being +形容词”结构表示暂时或故意如此。The boy is being naughty.这孩子有点儿淘气。I don't think you are being fair.我认为你不公平。He is being modest. 他现在很谦虚。 比较：You are not polite.你不讲礼貌。（一贯如此）You are not being polite.你可有点儿不礼貌了。（暂时的现象） 3. 不用进行时态的动词表示状态的动词这类动词有 seem, look, appear, have, belong to, own, hold 等。This backpack belongs to me.这背包是我的。He seems rather angry with you.看起来他很生你的气。表示知道、信念、理解、推测、怀疑、希望等含义的动词这类动词有 know, remember, understand, see, think, believe, suppose, hope, doubt等。I don't think he will come tomorrow.我想他明天不会来。I still remember the days when we studied together.我还记得我们一起学习的那些日子。提示：有时这些动词的进行时态可表示心理状态的缓慢发展过程。She's understanding you better now.她越来越了解你了。表示要求、心愿等意义的动词这类动词有 want, wish, need, desire 等。Your clothes need washing.你的衣服需要洗了。 How I wish I were a bird！ 我多希望我是一只鸟啊！表示继续或持续含义的动词这类动词有 continue, keep, last, go on 等。She still continues in poor health.她仍然身体很差。Every day after finishing his homework, he goes on to do some reading.他每天做完作业后，都会继续看会儿书。表示感觉的动词这类动词有 see, hear, smell, taste, feel 等。The apples taste good. 这些苹果尝起来不错。This flower smells nice. 这花闻上去很香。Your suggestion sounds reasonable.你的建议听上去有道理。注意：如果这些动词表示一种有意识的行为，则可用进行时态。She is tasting the apple.她正在尝苹果。The dog is smelling the footprints.狗正在嗅脚印。The bell is sounding for dinner.晚饭铃响了。 4. 现在进行时和一般现在时的比较暂时性动作和经常性动作The computer is working perfectly. 计算机运转得很好。（暂时） The computer works perfectly.计算机运转很好。（一直如此）持续性动作和短暂性动作The bus is stopping.车停了下来。（渐渐地）The bus stops.车停了。（迅速）暂时性动作和永久性动作She is living in the country. 她现在住在农村。（暂时） She lives in the country.她住在农村。（永久）有感情色彩和没有感情色彩He is doing well at school.他在学校表现很好。（赞扬）He does well at school.他在学校表现很好。（一般事实） B. 过去进行时1. 过去进行时的构成过去进行时是由“was / were +现在分词”构成的。I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。Were you expecting him yesterday? 你昨天一直在等他吗？They were not talking when I came in.我进来的时候他们没在说话。 2. 过去进行时的用法过去进行时的基本用法a. 表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或该动作与过去的另一动作同时发生I was having supper at 7:00 yesterday evening.昨天晚上7点我正在吃晚饭。She was playing the piano while I was reading the newspaper.她弹钢琴时我在看报。提示：当句子意思很清楚时，我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时。We listened closely while the teacher read the text.老师读课文时，我们都仔细地听着。b. 表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作We were talking about you the whole morning.我们整个上午都在说你。He was watching TV at home from 3:00 to 5:00 yesterday afternoon.昨天下午从3点到5点他一直在看电视。c. 表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事He told me that he was going soon.他告诉我他很快就要走了。She said she was leaving for New York the next month.她说她下个月动身去纽约。过去进行时的特殊用法表示故事发生的背景It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.那支医疗小组往前线行进时天正下着雪。Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.汤姆乘没人注意时溜进了房间。a. 表示一个新的动作刚刚开始过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作，这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。Five minutes later, he was standing at the door, smoking. 5分钟后，他已站在门口抽着烟。The baby was crying hard, and suddenly the crying stopped.这婴儿在大声啼哭，突然，哭声停止了。用来陈述原因或用作借口She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。I haven't finished my homework because I was helping my mother at home all dayyesterday.我作业没做完是因为我昨天一直帮妈妈在家干活。d.与 always, constantly 等词连用，表示感情色彩The girl was always changing her mind.这女孩老是改变主意。In the past he was constantly asking me for money.过去他总是向我要钱。过去进行时与一般过去时的区别一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。She wrote a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚给朋友写了封信。（信写完了）She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在给朋友写信。（信不一定写完）一般过去时表示只做一次动作，而过去进行时却表示动作反复地进行。She waved to me.她朝我挥了挥手。She was waving to me. 她不断地朝我挥手。The boy jumped up and down.这男孩跳了一下。The boy was jumping up and down.这男孩不停地跳着。将来进行时将来进行时的构成将来进行时是由“shall/will + be +现在分词”构成的。Don't phone me between 8:00 and 10:00. We'll be having classes then. 8点到10点之间不要给我打电话，我们那时正在上课。Will you be using your bicycle this evening?今晚你用自行车吗？She won't be having a meeting in her office at 8:00 tomorrow.明天8点她不在开会。1. 将来进行时的用法将来进行时的基本用法a. 表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作I'll be taking my holiday soon.我不久就去度假了。They will be meeting us at the station.他们会在车站接我们的。b. 在口语中代替 will/shall doI hope you will be coming on time.我希望你按时来。I'll be seeing Mr. Smith tomorrow.我明天将见到史密斯先生。The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs.部长将就国际事务发表演讲。将来进行时的特殊用法a. 表示原因、结果或猜测Please come tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I'll be having a meeting.请你明天下午来吧。我明天上午有个会。（表原因）Stop the child or he will be falling over.抓住那个孩子，要不他会掉下去的。（表结果）You will be making a mistake.你会出错的。（表推测）用在问句中，表示委婉礼貌Will you be reading anything else? 你还要看点儿什么吗？When shall we be meeting again?我们什么时候再见面？表示稍后一点儿的安排The students aer studying Unit 3 this week, and next week we'll be studying Unit 4.这星期我们学第三单元，下周我们将学第四单元。My duties will end in July and I will be returning to Shanghai.我的任务在7月结束，之后我会回上海。