英语种基本句型讲稿.ppt

关于英语种基本句型第一页，讲稿共三十五页哦组成句子的各个组成部分叫组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：1.主语主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是主语表明是“什什么人么人”，“什么事什么事”.通常由通常由名词名词,代词代词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动名词来充当来充当.1.Lucy likes her new bike.2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.主主谓谓宾宾定定状状补补表表第二页，讲稿共三十五页哦2.谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常由。通常由动词充当充当.1.they work very hard.2.Tom feels much better now.(系动词:表示状态,后面往往接形容词或名词。常见的系动词：is,am,are,become,keep,feel,look,smell,sound,taste,grow,get,go,turn,seem)注意：情态动词注意：情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓单独充当谓语语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语语.动词常分为动词常分为实义动词实义动词,连系动词连系动词,情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词.第三页，讲稿共三十五页哦3.表语表语：跟在：跟在连系动词连系动词后面的词语或从后面的词语或从句句,用来说明主语的身份用来说明主语的身份,特征特征,状态状态.My sister is a nurse.The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful.To see is to believe.The reason why her absence is that he is ill 第四页，讲稿共三十五页哦3.宾语：动作行为的：动作行为的对象对象，说明主语做什么。一，说明主语做什么。一般放在般放在及物动词或介词后面后面.由由名词名词,代词代词,数词数词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动名词和和宾语从句宾语从句构成构成.1.We study English.2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen.4.She likes playing basketball.5.Our teacher said that he would go there.注意：注意：双宾语双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。He gave me two books.第五页，讲稿共三十五页哦4.4.定语定语:用来用来修饰修饰名词或代词的词名词或代词的词.形容词形容词,形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词,名词名词,不定式不定式,介词短语介词短语,不定代词不定代词,从句从句等等.1 1、This is a This is a red red car.car.2 2、The building is The building is theirtheir teaching building.teaching building.3 3、The The womanwoman doctor is my wife.doctor is my wife.4 4、I have something I have something to tell youto tell you.5 5、The man The man in front of the gatein front of the gate is Mr.Li.is Mr.Li.6 6、EveryEvery student has an English book.student has an English book.7 7、I know the boy I know the boy w who is playing ho is playing basketball on the playground.basketball on the playground.第六页，讲稿共三十五页哦5.状语状语:说明动作或状态特征说明动作或状态特征修饰修饰用来修饰用来修饰动动词词,形容词形容词,副词或整个句子副词或整个句子.副词副词,介词短语介词短语,动动词不定式词不定式,以及以及 after,when,as soon as,until,if,before等引起的从句等引起的从句.You are quite right.They often draw in the park.We came here in order to learn English.If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home.第七页，讲稿共三十五页哦6.宾补：宾补：补充说明宾语补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）宾语宾语+宾补叫宾补叫复合宾语复合宾语，复合宾语有以，复合宾语有以下几种类型下几种类型：1 名词（代词）名词（代词）+不定式不定式 2 名词（代词）名词（代词）+分分 词词 3 名词（代词）名词（代词）+名名 词词 4 名词名词（代词）（代词）+形容词形容词 第八页，讲稿共三十五页哦1、名词（代词、名词（代词）+不定式不定式John asked me to help him.Let him go home.(此处省略此处省略to)I saw her come out of the room.(此处省略此处省略to)第九页，讲稿共三十五页哦 名词（代词）名词（代词）+分词分词（现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）（现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）I found him standing at the gate.She could feel her heart beating violently.He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood.He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard.第十页，讲稿共三十五页哦 名词（代词）名词（代词）+名词名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.)They made him captain of the ship.第十一页，讲稿共三十五页哦英语中的句子可以按其作用或者按其语法结构两种标准分类。按其作用或使用目的，句子可分为：陈述句：Thisisatruck.这是一辆卡车。疑问句：Isthisatruck?这是卡车吗?祈使句：Drivethetruckaway.把卡车开走。感叹句：Whatabigtruckitis!多么大的卡车!按语法结构，句子可分为：简单句：Iambusy.我很忙。并列句：Iambusywashing,butheisplayingfootballwiththem.我在忙着洗衣服，但他却在跟他们踢足球。复合句：AlthoughIambusywashing,heisplayingfootballwiththem.尽管我在忙着洗衣服，他却在与他们一块踢足球。第十二页，讲稿共三十五页哦 按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：简单句，简单句，并列句，复合句并列句，复合句 e.g.1)The teachers name is Smith.2)The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John.3)He is Smith who likes going hiking.-4)He is Smith and he likes going hiking.5)Hurry up,or youll be late.6)I saw him when I walked past the street.7)He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句并列句并列句并列句并列句 复合句复合句 复合句复合句第十三页，讲稿共三十五页哦十大词类十大词类(Parts of Speech)(Parts of Speech)英语中的词可以根据词义，句法作用和形英语中的词可以根据词义，句法作用和形式特征分为十大词类：式特征分为十大词类：名词、代词、动名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、数词、感叹词数词、感叹词。第十四页，讲稿共三十五页哦需要弄清楚的几个概念：需要弄清楚的几个概念：1、及物动词、及物动词(vt.)(vt.)：后面带有宾语，意思才能完整。：后面带有宾语，意思才能完整。eg.They want some books.He is reading a book.2 2、不及物动词、不及物动词(vi.)(vi.)：本身意义完整，不需跟宾语。：本身意义完整，不需跟宾语。eg.Birds fly.He works in the factory.3、系动词：系动词本身虽有一定的词义，但不完整，不、系动词：系动词本身虽有一定的词义，但不完整，不 能单独作谓语，必须和作表语的词语能单独作谓语，必须和作表语的词语(如形容词如形容词,名词名词 等等)连用连用,构成谓语。如：构成谓语。如：be(是是),look(看起来像看起来像),become(成为成为,变得变得)等。等。eg.They are teachers.He became very interested in science.第十五页，讲稿共三十五页哦句子成分句子成分(Elements of the Sentence)(Elements of the Sentence)组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分，主要有：组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分，主要有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语语、插入语、同位语等，其中主语和谓语等，其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分。是句子的主要成分。第十六页，讲稿共三十五页哦Five Types of Simple SentencesFive Types of Simple Sentences 简单句的五种句型简单句的五种句型第十七页，讲稿共三十五页哦简单句的五种基本结构：简单句的五种基本结构：1.The sun rises.2.I dont like basketball.3.Danny is tired.4.I read her a story.5.I helped her brush her teeth.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语主语主语+动词动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主语主语+动词动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补_ _ _第十八页，讲稿共三十五页哦Five Types of Simple Sentences:1.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词2.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语3.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语4.主语主语+动词动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语5.主语主语+动词动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补Subject+Intransitive VerbSubject+Transitive Verb+ObjectSubject+Link Verb+Predictive Subject+Verb+Indirect Object+Direct ObjectSubject+Verb+Object+Complement第十九页，讲稿共三十五页哦 一、主语一、主语+不及物动词不及物动词（S+V）这种句型中没有直接宾语这种句型中没有直接宾语,但常带有状语。例如：但常带有状语。例如：The water is boiling.S V They have been waiting there for hours.S V The train will leave soon.S V The flags are waving in the wind S V第二十页，讲稿共三十五页哦二、主语二、主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语（S+V+O）He has a sister.S V O They wanted to have a rest.S V O She carried out her plan.S V O He likes watching TV.S V O第二十一页，讲稿共三十五页哦三、主语三、主语+系动词系动词+表语表语（S+V+P）英文中的系动词主要是指英文中的系动词主要是指be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。这类动词常见的有：这类动词常见的有：become（变成）（变成）look（看上去）（看上去）seem(看起来）看起来）get（变得（变得)feel（摸起来）（摸起来）grow（变得）（变得）turn（变成）（变成）keep（保持）（保持）stand（保持）（保持）stay（保持）（保持）smell（闻起来）（闻起来）sound（听起来）（听起来）taste（尝起来）（尝起来）第二十二页，讲稿共三十五页哦He is a good student.S V PShe is in the classroom.S V P It is getting warmer and warmer.S V P The trees turn green.S V P第二十三页，讲稿共三十五页哦四、主语四、主语+动词动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）这类句型常有这类句型常有“给某人某物给某人某物”、“送某人某物送某人某物”、“留给留给某人某物某人某物”等意思。等意思。常见的这类谓语动词后接常见的这类谓语动词后接常见的这类谓语动词后接常见的这类谓语动词后接toto的有的有的有的有：give(给某人给某人)bring(带给某人带给某人)tell(告诉某人告诉某人.)send(送给某人送给某人),leave(留给某人留给某人)pass(递给某人递给某人)read(给某人读给某人读)write(给某人写给某人写),take(给某人拿给某人拿)show(给某人看给某人看)teach(教某人教某人)get(给某人弄到给某人弄到)lend(借给某人借给某人)hand(递给某人递给某人)第二十四页，讲稿共三十五页哦She brought me a shirt.S V IO DOPass him the dictionary,please.V IO DO I lend him my bicycle.S V IO DO=I lend my bicycle to him.后接后接后接后接forfor的有的有的有的有:make,buy,get,sing,cook等等。等等。Her mother bought her a skirt.S V IO DO =Her mother bought a skirt for her.第二十五页，讲稿共三十五页哦五、主语五、主语+动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）常带常带复合宾语复合宾语结构的及物动词有：结构的及物动词有：feel(感觉到感觉到)find(发现发现)get(使得使得)have(使，让使，让)hear(听到听到)keep(保持保持)make(使使)notice(注意到注意到)see(看见看见)let(使使)watch(注视，看注视，看)call(称称)ask(请求请求,要求要求)tell(告诉告诉)want(想要想要)wish(希望希望)listen to(听听)look at(看，瞧看，瞧)第二十六页，讲稿共三十五页哦27 说明说明:此结构由此结构由“主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足宾语补足语语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：等。如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.用用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。如：。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.第二十七页，讲稿共三十五页哦常用it做形式宾语的动词有：think,consider,feel,find,believeeg:Ifounditimpossibletofinishsomuchworkinaday.第二十八页，讲稿共三十五页哦We call him Xiao Liu.S V O CThe news made me happy.S V O CHe keeps his hand behind his back.S V O CThe story made us laugh.S V O C He heard somebody opening the door.S V O C第二十九页，讲稿共三十五页哦划分句子成分划分句子成分:1.My sister is a nurse.2.They are drinking.3.They are drinking tea.4.The old man walks in the park.5.She passed him the salt.6.We keep the table clean._ S _V_ P_ S_ V_ S_ V_ O_ S_ V_ S_ V_ IO_ DO_ S_ V_ O_ C第三十页，讲稿共三十五页哦7.They work hard.8.The flower is dead.9.Plants need water.10.He gives me some seeds.11.We should keep the plants in the shade.12.Many animals live in trees._ S_ V_ S_V_ P_ S_ V_ O_ S_ V_IO_ DO_ S_ V_ O_ C_ S_ V第三十一页，讲稿共三十五页哦1.The spring is coming.2.In spring,the weather becomes warmer.3.I have finished my homework.4.Show me your books.5.Keep them warm at night.S+VS+V+P S+V+O S+V+IO+DO S+V+O+C第三十二页，讲稿共三十五页哦Correct the mistakes:1.He kept me wait for a week.2.She looks happily.3.My mother bought a new shirt to me.4.Yesterday they arrived Beijing.waiting_happy_ _forarrived in第三十三页，讲稿共三十五页哦Exercises:指出下列句子的基本类型1.They are listening.2.My mother is fifty now.3.I have bought three books.4.My friend gave me a birthday present.5.I painted the wall white.6.The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.第三十四页，讲稿共三十五页哦感感谢谢大大家家观观看看第三十五页，讲稿共三十五页哦