04 部分倒装句知识点总结- 高一英语语法学习讲义.doc

高一英语语法学习讲义04新高考英语语法：部分倒装句知识点总结 部分倒装句指的是谓语动词词组或表语动词词组中的助动词被放置在主语前的句子。它和完全倒装之间的区别可以总结为下图：部分倒装的使用场景主要有三种：疑问句、带有否定性状语的句子、带有虚拟语气的条件状语从句。部分倒装：疑问句疑问句中的部分倒装，由于它的使用难度不高，本文不做展开讲解，仅给出例句供大家自行参考：Do (谓_助动词)  you (主)  miss (谓_实义动词)  me (宾)?你 (主)  想 (谓)  我 (宾)  吗 (疑问词)？When (状)  are (谓_助动词)  you (主)  coming (谓_现在分词)?你 (主)  什么时候 (状)  来 (谓)？Why (状)  do (谓_助动词)  you (主)  frown (谓_实义动词)?你 (主)  为嘛 (状)  皱眉头 (谓)？部分倒装：带否定性状语的句子有时候我们会把一些表达否定的状语倒装后放在句首，使句子显得更有冲击力，用中文举个例子，就相当于把“我从来没见过这样的人”变成“从来，我都没有见过这样的人”。英文中也有类似的玩法，例句如下：常规语序：I have (谓_助动词) seldom seen (谓_过去分词) such beautiful work.我极少见过这么漂亮的作品。将 seldom 前置：Seldom have (谓_助动词) I seen (谓_过去分词) such beautiful work.我极少见过这么漂亮的作品。第二句将否定性的状语 seldom 放在了句首，同时因为谓语词组 have seen 中的助动词 have 被放置在了主语 I 之前，它也变成了一个部分倒装句。以下是更多可以进行这种变换的否定性状语，以及它们各自的例句：· Hardly (几乎不)倒装：Hardly had I got into bed when the telephone rang.常规：I had hardly got into bed when the telephone rang.翻译：电话铃响的时候我几乎还没上床 (刚刚上床)。· Never (从不)倒装：Never had she seen such a beautiful sight before.常规：She had never seen such a beautiful sight before.翻译：她之前从来没见过此等美景。· Rarely (极少)倒装：Rarely will you hear such beautiful music.常规：You will rarely hear such beautiful music.翻译：你极少会听到这么优美的音乐。· Only then (只有到那时候才)倒装：Only then did I understand why the tragedy had happened.常规：I understood why the tragedy had happened only then.翻译：我只有到了那时才明白了悲剧为什么发生。· Not only . but . (不仅仅而且还)倒装：Not only does he love chocolate and sweets but he also smokes.常规：He not only loves chocolate and sweets but he also smokes.翻译：他不仅仅爱巧克力和糖，而且还抽烟。· No sooner . than . (一就)倒装：No sooner had we arrived home than the police rang the doorbell.常规：We had arrived home no sooner than the police rang the doorbell.翻译：我们一到家，警察就按门铃了。· Scarcely (几乎不)倒装：Scarcely had I got off the bus when it crashed into the back of a car.常规：I had scarcely got off the bus when it crashed into the back of a car.翻译：当公交车撞上一辆小轿车时，我几乎还没下车 (刚刚下车)。· Only later (后来才)倒装：Only later did she really think about the situation.常规：She really only later thought about the situation.翻译：她后来才仔细想了想当时的情况。· Nowhere (在其他任何地方都不)倒装：Nowhere have I ever had such bad service.常规：I have ever had such bad service nowhere.翻译：我在其他任何地方都没见过这么差的服务。· Little (哪里)倒装：Little did he know!常规：He knew little!翻译：他哪里晓得。· Only in this way (只有这样才)倒装：Only in this way could John earn enough money to survive.常规：John couldn earn enough money to survive only in this way.翻译：John 只有这样才能挣够钱活下去。· In no way (一点都不)倒装：In no way do I agree with what you're saying.常规：I agree with what you're saying in no way.翻译：我一点都不同意你所说的。· On no account (任何情况下都不)倒装：On no account should you do anything without asking me first.常规：You should on no account do anything without asking me first.翻译：你任何情况下都不应该在询问我之前做任何事。注意，在这种句式中，我们只对主句进行部分倒装处理，从句的语序不需要改变。这一规则在以下句式中同样适用：· Not Until (没到的时候)倒装：Not until I saw John with my own eyes did I really believe he was safe.常规：I did not really believe he was safe until I saw John with my own eyes.翻译：没到亲眼看到 John 的时候，我一直没真正相信他安全了。· Not since (自从一直不)倒装：Not since Lucy left college had she had such a wonderful time.常规：She had not had such a wonderful time since Lucy left college.翻译：自从 Lucy 毕业，她从未享受过这么舒坦的的日子。· Only after (之后，才)倒装：Only after I'd seen her flat did I understand why she wanted to live there.常规：I understood why she wanted to live there only after I'd seen her flat.翻译：我在看到了她的房子后才理解为什么她想住在那。· Only when (在的时候，才)倒装：Only when we'd all arrived home did I feel calm.常规：I felt calm only when we'd all arived home.翻译：我在我们都到家的时候才感到了。· Only by (只有通过，才)倒装：Only by working extremely hard could we afford to eat.常规：We could afford to eat only by working extremely hard.翻译：我们只有通过极其努力地工作才能吃得起饭。倒装句：带有虚拟语气的条件状语从句首先解释一下什么是“条件状语从句”，简单地说，就是表达“在的情况下，就会”一类意思的句子。比如“如果我吻你你就吻我，我就吻你”，又比如“只要功夫深，铁杵磨成针”。那“虚拟语气”又是什么呢？我们来看看以下两句话：A. 如果这台耳机是最便宜的，我就买它。B. 如果我不姓陈的话，我可能会让自己姓东方。这两句话都是“(条件)，(行为)”的句子结构，但它们有一个本质上的不同A句的条件是可以实现的，而B句的条件是不可实现的，因为事实上我就是姓陈，这个“如果”成立不了。像B句一样对现实中成立不了的条件做假设的条件状语从句，就属于带有虚拟语气的条件状语从句。认真的读者可能会好奇：那如果我真的就去把身份证上的姓给改掉，这是不是就意味着B句的条件可以实现了呢？依然不对。因为B句中的“如果我不姓陈”，指的是如果现在我不姓陈，而把身份证上的姓改掉，是只能发生在未来的事。所以说，“如果我不姓陈”，确实是做不到的。但如果把B句改成“如果我以后不姓陈的话，我可能会让自己姓东方”，那么这就不再是一个带有虚拟语气的条件状语从句了。下面给出一些英文的例句：If I had been wiser, I wouldn't have made such mistakes.如果以前聪明些，我就不会犯当年那些错误。If I should stay, I'd only be in your way.如果我留下了，那我只会碍你的事。If I were not shortsighted, I'd still wear glasses.即便没近视，我也会戴眼镜。那么绕了一大圈，我们为什么要讨论带有虚拟语气的条件状语从句呢？因为，它们都是可以被部分倒装的：If I had been wiser, I wouldn't have made such mistakes.Had I been wiser, I wouldn't have made such mistakes.If I should stay, I'd only be in your way.Should I stay, I'd only be in your way.If I were not shortsighted, I'd still wear glasses.Were I not shortsighted, I'd still wear glasses.注意两点：首先，在这种操作中，我们除了需要将从句变为部分倒装的语序外，还需要将 if 去掉；另外，严格地讲，以上最后一句实际上并不是部分倒装，而是完全倒装，但因为以上三句都属于带有虚拟语气的条件状语从句，并且倒装的变换方式也都相似 (将谓语或系语的第一个单词移动至主语前以形成倒装)，所以一同列出。