PASS_BEC_新编剑桥商务英语口试必备手册(中高级)(包含BEC_V_PRACTICE_TEST123)资料讲解.doc

Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。PASS_BEC_新编剑桥商务英语口试必备手册(中高级)(包含BEC_V_PRACTICE_TEST123)-目录1. Teamwork团队合作12. ReducingProductionCost降低生产成本123. InternalCommunications内部沟通84. ReducingOverheads减少管理费用185. HowtoDealwithaHeavyWorkload如何应对繁重的工作236. WorkEnvironment工作环境277. Logistics物流328. BusinessEthics商业道德379. Recruiting&Selecting人员招聘4210. EmployeeTraining员工培训4811. CareerDevelopment职业发展5312. Promotion晋升5913. Staffpromotion激励员工6514. Staffturnover员工流失7115. AppraisingandImprovingPerformance绩效考核与改进绩效7616. Payandbenefits薪酬与福利8017. Laborrelations劳动关系8518. Workplacesafetyandhealth工作安全与职业保健9019. Timemanagement时间管理9520. Managingstress缓解压力10121. Productdevelopment产品开发10622. Settingprice产品定价11023. Productpromotion产品推广11424. Advertising广告11825. Packaging包装12226. Branding品牌12627. Customersatisfaction顾客满意度13028. KeepingCustomers留住顾客13429. Marketingchannels营销渠道13830. Travelandtransport出行与交通工具14231. Travelandaccommodation差旅与住宿14832. Domestictravel国内差旅15433. Travellingabroad国际差旅16034. Corporateculture企业文化16635. Companyimage公司形象17236. Corporategifting公司送礼17837. Corporatesponsorship企业赞助18338. Dresscode着装要求18939. Entertainingbusinessclients招待客户19540. Sitelocationandrelocation公司选址和迁址20041. Goingglobal全球营销20542. Franchise特许经营20943. Meetingcompetition应对竞争21344. Officeautomation办公自动化21745. Settingupcompanywebsite建立公司网站22446. Internetmarketing互联网促销23047. Flexiblepatternsofwork弹性工作方式23548. Stagingameeting/conference举办会议24149. Attendingameeting/conference参加会议24750. Givingapresentation大会发言25151. Tradefairandexhibitions会展257PRACTICETESTONE练习1263PRACTICETESTTWO练习2271PRACTICETESTTWO练习32782011.06.02UNITONECompanyOperationandManagement第一单元公司运作与管理Teamwork团队合作Teamwork团队合作，团队精神Team-based以团队为基础的Horizontalorganizationstructure横向企业结构Corporategoals企业目标Charter规章，章程Beaccountablefor对负有责任Creativeinnovation创新改革，创新发明创新精神Rewardsystem奖励制度Payback回报，报偿Individuality个性Independentthinking独立的思想Groupdecision-making集体决策Managerialskill管理技能Coordinate使协调，调整Interpersonalrelationship人际关系Mutualtrust相互信任Bringoutthepotentials充分发挥潜能Closely-knit（关系）密切的Keeptrackof跟踪，追踪Time-consuming花费时间的Linemanager部门经理，业务经理（与行政经理相对）Pre-building团队建设Nurture培养，教育，发展Nurtureteamdynamics培养团队活力Promoteteamspirit提倡团队精神Driveteamsuccess驱使团队成功Minimize将减少到最少，最小化Inhibit约束，抑止Livenup使有生气Trainingsession一场训练，培训课期Rafting漂流Rockclimbing攀岩Teammate队友Impact影响，效果Complementary补充的，互补的Revitalize使新生，给予新的活力Trait（个人性格方面的）特征，显著的特点Commitment敬业精神Interpersonalcommunicationskills人际交际技能，亦作interpersonalskillsAddress处理（事情）HowtoMakeTeamsEffective如何组建精锐的团队Peopleineveryworkplacetalkaboutbuildingtheteam,workingasateam,andmyteam,butfewunderstandhowtocreatetheexperienceofteamworkorhowtodevelopaneffectiveteam.在各种工作场合，人们都在谈论团队建设、团队合作、自己的团队，但是却很少有人真正理解如何体验团队合作以及如何组建一支精锐的团队。Belongingtoateam,inthebroadestsense,isaresultoffeelingpartofsomethinglargerthanyourself.属于一个团队，就是体验自己成为比自己更大的团体的一部分。Ithasalottodowithyourunderstandingofthemissionorobjectivesofyourorganization.这在很大程度上与你对企业任务和目标的理解有关。Inateam-orientedenvironment,youcontributetotheoverallsuccessoftheorganization.在以团队为导向的环境里，你要为企业的全面成功做出自己的贡献。Youworkwithfellowmembersoftheorganizationtoproducetheseresults.你要和同事们通力合作以达到这些目标。Eventhoughyouhaveaspecificjobfunctionandyoubelongtoaspecificdepartment,youareunifiedwithotherorganizationmemberstoaccomplishtheoverallobjectives.即使你属于某个工作部门，有着具体工作职责，你仍然要与其他同事团结一致去实现这些总体目标。Thebiggerpicturedrivesyouractions;yourfunctionexiststoservethebiggerpicture.你的行动受到企业更大目标的驱使，你的职责服务于企业更大的目标。Therefore,executives,managers,andorganizationstaffmembersuniversallyexplorewaystoimprovebusinessresultsandprofitability.因而，行政主管、经理以及组织的普通员工无不对提高企业绩效和盈利能力的办法进行探讨。Manyviewteam-based,horizontalorganizationstructuresasthebestdesignforinvolvingallemployeesincreatingbusinesssuccess.许多人认为，让全体员工参与、为企业成功共同努力的最好策略是采取以团队为基础的横向企业结构。SuccessfulteambuildingrequiresattentiontoeachofthefollowingTwelveCs.成功的团队建设要遵循以下12条建议：Clearexpectations:Doteammembersunderstandwhytheteamwascreated?明确目标：团队成员是否明确团队组建的目的？Context:Canteammembersdefinetheirteamsimportancetotheaccomplishmentofcorporategoals?组建背景：团队成员是否明确团队对于实现企业目标的重要性？Commitment:Doteammembersperceivetheirserviceasvaluabletotheorganizationandtotheirowncareers?敬业精神：团队成员是否认识到团队对于企业以及对自身事业的成功都很重要？Competence:Doestheteamfeelthatitsmembershavetheknowledge,skill,andcapabilitytoaddresstheissuesforwhichtheteamwasformed?团队能力：团队是否感知其成员拥有应对种种问题的知识、技能和实际能力？而团队组建的目的就是为了解决这些问题。Charter:Hastheteamtakenitsassignedareaofresponsibilityanddesigneditsownmission,vision,andstrategiestoaccomplishthemission?团队规章：团队是否明确自己的职责范围并规划出自己的目标、远景和对策以完成使命？Control:Doteammembersholdeachotheraccountableforprojecttimelines,commitments,andresults?内部控制：团队成员是否对项目时间安排、应承担的义务和结果等共同负有责任？Collaboration:Doteammemberscooperatetoaccomplishtheteamcharter?协作精神：团队成员是否能相互协作、遵循团队章程？Communication:Doteammemberscommunicateclearlyandhonestlywitheachother?内部沟通：团队成员之间能否明确、诚实地进行相互沟通？CreativeInnovation:Doestheteamvaluecreativethinking,uniquesolutions,andnewideas?创新改革：团队是否注重鼓励创新思维、独特的解决办法和新的想法？Consequences:Istheorganizationdesigningrewardsystemsthatrecognizebothteamandindividualperformance?结果影响：团队是否制定奖励制度来奖励团队以及个人的工作表现？Coordination:Areteamscoordinatedbyacentralleadershipthatassiststhegroupstoobtainwhattheyneedforsuccess?协调配合:团队是否有领导核心来协调工作、帮助各小组取得成功？CulturalChange:Doestheorganizationrecognizethatthemoreitcanchangeitsclimatetosupportteams,themoreitwillreceiveinpaybackfromtheworkoftheteams?改进文化：企业是否认识到越是通过改变企业氛围来支持团队的工作，就越能够从团队的工作中得到回报？Spendtimeandattentiononeachofthesetwelvetipstoensureyourworkteamscontributemosteffectivelytoyourbusinesssuccess.(1) 要认真关注这12条建议，以保证你的团队能为企业的成功最有效地作出努力。PARTONE:InterviewDoyoulikeworkinginateamoronyourown?(why?)你喜欢在团队与个人合作还是独自工作？(2) Ilikeworkinginateam,astheproverbgoes:”Twoheadsarebetterthanone.”Inateam,Icanlearnfrommyfellowworkers,gethelpfromthemwhenImunderpressure.Andthemostimportantthingis:Icanlearntocommunicatewithallsortsofpeople.Howimportantisthecentralleadershipofateam?团队的核心领导有多重要？(3) Itsveryimportant.Youneedsomeonewithmanagerialskillstoleadwithintheteam:heisabletoseethebigpictureoftheworkgoingon,toengageothers,coordinateinterpersonalrelationshipandorganizeresourceseffectively.Doyouprefertoworkinsmallteamsorbigteams?(why)你喜欢在小型团队还是在大型团队中工作？(4) Iprefertoworkinabigteam.Yousee,whenyouworkwithmorepeople,yougetachancetolistentodifferentpointsofview,tolearntoseethingsindifferentperspectives.Itsalsomorechallengingasyouhavetocoordinatewithmorepeople,Isitnecessaryforateamtohaveregularmeetings?团队是否有必要定期开会？Yes,Ithinkitsabsolutelynecessary.Regularmeetingscanenableteammemberstokeeptrackofworkprogressanditsameansofconsideringinformationandmakingcollectivedecisions.PARTTWO:Mini-presentationWhatsimportantwhen?Evaluatingthesuccessofteamwork衡量团队成功与否需要考虑哪些要点？l Mutualtrust相互信任Fullco-operation通力合作Mutualtrustisthefirstsecretofsuccessfulteamwork.Whenmembersshareatrustingrelationship,theywillfeelfreetoexpresstheirviews,understandeachotherscapabilitiesandlimitations,andcommunicatewitheachothertimely.Thishelpstobringoutthepotentials,experienceandcreativityoftheindividualandcreategoodworkenvironment.Fullco-operationamongteammembershasadirectimpactonthesuccessorfailureoftheteam.Whenteammembersdevelopastrongawarenessofcooperation,theywouldmakecollectiveeffortstoachievethecommonobjectivesandensureahigherlevelofqualityandworkmanship.Ontopofthat,timelycommunicationanddecisionmakingwillalsohelptoimproveworkefficiency.相互信任是团队合作成功的秘密之一，当团队成员建立相互信任的关系，他们就可以毫无束缚的表达自己的观点，相互了解对方的能力和缺点，而且可以及时相互沟通。这将有助于激发个人潜力、经验、和创造力并且可以营造良好的工作环境。团队成员的通力合作也对会直接影响团队成功的失败。当团队成员有强烈的合作意识，他们将会共同努力达到共同的目标。并确保高水平的质量及工艺。除此之外，及时的沟通和做决定也将帮助改善工作效率。PARTTHREE：DiscussionTeamworkYourcompanyisofferingabrieftrainingprogrammeonteambuildingforlinemanagers.Youhavebeenaskedtohelpplantheprogramme.Discussthesituationtogether,anddecide:l whatissuesshouldtheprogrammefocusonwhatkindofactivitiesshouldbeincluded团队合作你们公司正在考虑为部门经理提供关于团队建设的短期培训课程。请你们协助策划这一课程。讨论并决定：l 该培训课程应集中在哪些问题上l 应包含哪些活动A:Well,Ithinkitsagoodideathatourcompanyisplanningtoofferatrainingprogrammeonteambuildingforalllinemanagers.B：Yes.Weneedtoworkoutthefocusofthisprogramme.A:Inmyopinion,weshould,firstofall,focusonissueslikehowtoformaneffectiveteamandhowtoimprovecommunicationwithintheteam.Thesearethemostimportantthingsweneedtoconsiderwhenholdingatrainingprogramme.B:Yes,Iquiteagreewithyou.Understandingtheseissuesisthepre-requisiteofsuccessfulteam-building.Besidesthat,howtonurtureteamdynamicsshouldbeanotherfocusofourtrainingprogramme,Imean,analyseandencouragethedynamicsthatdriveteamsuccessandminimizethefactorsthatinhibitthehealthyfunctioningoftheteam.A:Yes,onlywhenallteammembersaremotivated,andtheygivegoodperformanceinwork.B:Sowecanincludeinourprogramme,theactivitiesthathelptopromoteteamspirit,activitiesthathelpdevelopemployeemotivationandimprovecommunication.A:Well,wecanprovideteambuildinggames,andoutdooractivitiesthatlivenupthetrainingsessions.B:Imquitewithyouhere.Wecanorganizeoutdooradventureslikerafting,sailingandrockclimbing.Theseeventsservetoincreasepersonalawarenessofabilitiesandcomplementaryskillsinyourteammates.A:itsaverygoodidea.Theseexcitingactivitiesnotonlyencourageteamparticipation,problemsovingandrevitalizemorale,theyalsoaddsomefunandvariationtoourprogramme.B:Andinfulfillingtheirpotentials,everyoneintheteamlearnstounderstandotherpeoplescapacitiesandlearnstoappreciatetheimpactoftheirtraitsonteamdynamics.A:Yes,mutualunderstandingandmutualtrustareindispensabletoeffectiveteambuilding.A:我觉得公司计划为所有部门经理提供团队建设的培训课程真是个好主意。B:是的，我们需要想出此次活动的重点。A：我的观点是，我们首先应该把重点放在如何组建一个有效率的团队和如何改善团队关系的方面。当我们举办培训课程时，这些是我们需要考虑的最重要的事情。B：是的，我非常同意你的看法。成功的团队建设前提就是了解你所说的这些问题。除此之外，怎样激发团队活力应该是我们培训课程的另一个需要重视的方面，我的意思是，分析和鼓励团队成功的动力，使抑制团队良性运作的因素减少到最小。A：是的，只有当所有团队成员都充满动力，他们在工作中才会表现出好的成绩。B：因此我们应该将能帮助发扬团队合作精神、帮助发展员工积极性和提高沟通的活动包括在我们的课程中。A：是的，我们可以提供团队建设的游戏，和户外活动让培训课程充满活力。B：我同意你的看法。我们可以组织像漂流、航海和攀岩等户外探险。这些项目帮助增强个人意识的能力和与队友互补的技能。A：这是个好主意。这些激动人心的活动不仅可以鼓励队员、解决问题和重振士气。也可以为我们的课程增加乐趣和使其多样化。B：为了挖掘他们的潜力，团队中每个人学会去了解其他人的能力以及学会去欣赏他们对团队动力影响的特质。A：是的，相互了解和相互信任对于有效的团队建设是必不可少的。（1） Whatarethecharacteristicsofagoodteam?一个良好的团队有哪些特点？（2） Characteristicslikemutualtrust,co-operation,commitment,opennessofexpressionamongteammembersareessentialtoagoodteam.Besides,ateamshouldalsobeclearaboutthecommongoalstheyaimtoattain.Whatmightbethedisadvantagesofworkinginateamenvironment?在团队中工作有哪些不利因素？（3） Sometimes,teammembershiprequiresyoutogiveupsomeindividualityinorderfortheteamtofunctionasawhole.Sometimesyoufeelyourowncontributiontotheteamcannotbemeasured,soyouworklessthanyouwouldindividually.Wouldyouliketotakepartinaprogrammefordevelopingteamwork?(Why)你是否愿意参加团队发展的培训课程？（4） Yes,ofcourse.Itoffersmeopportunitiestodevelopbetterinterpersonalcommunicationskills,andtheseareessentialinmybusinesscareer.Howmightacompanymeasurethesuccessofatrainingprogramme?公司应该怎样衡量培训课程的成败？（5） Toevaluatetheimpactofatrainingprogramme,wecanseeifthetraininghashelpedtoaddresstheissuesinthework,toseeiftheresanyimprovementintheworkperformanceofthestaffandifitencouragescreativeinnovationandteamwork.Doyouthinkacompanywillalwaysbenefitfromstafftraining?(Why?/Whynot?)你是否认为公司总是可以从员工培训中有所获益？Ithinkacompanycanbenefitmuchfromstafftraining.Throughtraining,employeeswillhaveabetterunderstandingoftheirworkobjectives,havegreatercommitmentintheirwork,andacquirepracticalworkingskills.2011.06.031.2InternalCommunications内部沟通Becommittedto致力于Beengagedin投身于，忙于Delivery传输，传送Corporateinformation公司信息Vision设想，远见Openness坦诚，公开Integrity诚信，诚实Paramount极为重要的-wide（后缀，与名词一起构成形容词或副词）全范围的Opinionsurvey意见调查Putinplace实施，到位Audience-driven以受众为导向的Communicationsapproach沟通方式Segmentation分割，切断Customization根据对方需要制作，量身定做Integratedplatform集成的（信息）平台Costefficiency成本效率Digitalmedia数码媒介Intranet企业内部互联网Notice-board布告牌Resentment愤恨，不满Open-minded胸襟开阔的Out-going爽直的，乐于助人的，外向的Mettle勇气，精神Initiative主动性Managementmessage管理信息Performanceexcellence优异表现Subordinate下级，下属E-mailnewsletter电邮通讯，电子邮件通讯，亦作E-newsletter,E-news-letterTangibleperformancestandards具体的工作标准Annualperformancereviews(对员工的)年度业绩考核，年度绩效评估Staffappraisal(对员工的)业绩评估，业绩考核Two-waycommunication双向交流Voiceonesopinionsabout就发表自己的意见Column（报纸、杂志的）专栏Layout版面设计Cartoonpicture漫画Companylogo公司标识Asenseofbelonging归属感Workstation工作站，工作处Informationequality信息均等Haveaccessto有权使用Channel渠道，通道Opinionpoll民意测验Internalcommunications内部沟通Nokiaiscommittedtoastronginternalcommunicationscultureandpractice.诺基亚公司致力于建立一种强有力的内部沟通文化和实践体系。Itsbroadrangeofcommunicationsactivities,channelsandmediastrivetohelpemployeesmanageandusecorporateinformationtheyreceiveintheirworkandorganizationalrelationshipsandindoingso,诺基亚公司通过各种广泛的沟通活动以及丰富的沟通渠道和媒介，尽力帮助员工管理和运用他们在工作中以及在企业交往中获得的公司信息。befullyengagedinthedeliveryofthecompanysstrategyandtheNokiaWay.公司通过这种做法，切实传播公司的运作策略以及“诺基亚之道”Nokiapromotesaculturewheregoodcommunicationspracticeisintegratedintoeverydayinteractionwithandbetweenemployeesandwheresharedvisionandgoals,sharedknowledge,openness,speedandintegrityareparamount.诺基亚公司倡导这样一种公司文化：将良好的沟通习惯融入公司于员工以及员工与员工之间的日常交往之中。在这一公司文化中，共同的期望和目标、共享的知识、坦诚、高效和诚信高于一切。Thecompanymeasuresitsperformanceininternalcommunicationsthroughthecompany-wideannualemployeeopinionsurveyaswellastargetedsurveysaroundspecificcommunicationsactivities.诺基亚公司通过在公司上下进行一年一度的员工意见调查，以及针对具体沟通活动的目标调查，衡量公司内部沟通方面的绩效。Nokiaisputtinginplaceanaudience-drivencommunicationsapproachtomeetthediverseneedsofitsemployeesforinformationandcommunication,withemphasisonsegmentation,customizationandchoiceofaccess.诺基亚公司正在实施以受众为导向的沟通方式，以满足员工对信息和交流的不同需要，着重强调沟通职能的切分、量体裁衣的沟通方式以及沟通途径和选择。Thisworkissupportedbythedevelopmentanduseofcommonandintegratedplatformsandprocesseswhichwillencouragecostefficiencyintheuseofinternalandexternalresourcesandadoptionovertimeofdigitalmedia.这项工作得以展开是通过开发和使用了普通以及集成的信息平台和处理程序，在运用内外资源的过程中激励成本效率，并采用了数码媒介等方式。Therearethreeprimarychannelsforcommunicatingwithemployee.NokiapeoplemagazineispublishedinthefourmostcommonlanguagesinNokia:English,Finnish,ChineseandGerman.NokiaNewsServiceoffersdailyonlinenewsfromaroundtheorganization,andtheIntranetcontainsavastamountofdetailedcompanyinformation.诺基亚公司和员工的沟通有三种不同的渠道。诺基亚人杂志采用四种语言出版：英语、芬兰语、汉语和德语；诺基亚新闻服务网每天提供在线的公司新闻；还有企业内部互联网，提供大量详细的公司信息。PARTONEInterview(1) Whatarethemethodsofcommunicationtostaffinmostcompanies?大多数公司采用什么方式和员工进行沟通？(2) Themostpopularcommunicationmethodsinclude:face-to-facecommunication,E-mails,telephone,notice-boards,etc.nowadays,theIntranetisaveryeffectivemethodofcommunication.Doyouthinkyouaregoodatcommunicatingwithyourboss?(Why?/Whynot?)你觉得自己善于和上司沟通吗？(3) Yes.IthinkImquitegoodatcommunicatingwithpeople.WheneverIhavesomenewideasorresentmentaboutmywork.Illtalktomybossfacetoface.Imveryfrankandopen-minded,readytoacceptdifferentopi