医学英语词根词头(11页).doc

-医学英语词根词头-第 11 页cardiac adj. 心脏的cardiomyopathy n. 心肌病cardiovascular adj. 心血管的cardiology n.心脏病学myocarditis n.心肌炎 electrocardiogram n. 心电图 人体部位  English Latin (拉丁语) Greek （希腊语） 静脉 vein  veno-   phlebo-  胸 chest  pecto-  thoraco-   腹 belly  abdomino-  ventro- 脊柱   backbone spino- spondylo- 脑 brain cerebro- encephalo- 头 head  capito-  cephalo- 心  heart  cordi-  cardio-   手 hand  mano-/manu- cheiro-  血管  vessel vaso-  angio-  1.adren/o: adrenal gland(肾上腺) adrenal -al, pertaining to, 肾上腺的 adrenaline -lin/line, substance,肾上腺素 adrenalitis -itis, inflammation,肾上腺素的2. ar: pertaining to 与有关的 vascular vascul/o, blood vessel. 血管的 cellular 细胞的 Molecular 分子的，由分子组成的3. bi/o: life 生命，生物Biomedical 生物化学的 biology -logy, the study of, 生物，生物学 bio physical 生物物理学4. chrom/o, chromomat: color 颜色 chromosomes -somes, bodies, 染色体 chromatin -in, substance, 核染色质5. crin/o: secrete 分泌 endocrinology 内分泌学 crinogenic gen/o+ic, pertaining to the production, 促分泌的 crinology 分泌学6. cyte: cell 细胞 erythrocyte erythr/o, red, 红细胞 leukocyte leuk/o, white, 白细胞lymphocyte lymph/o, lymph(淋巴) 淋巴细胞7. cyt/: cell 细胞 cytology 细胞学 cytochemistry 细胞化学 cytobiology 细胞生物学8. embry/o: embryo (胚胎) embryology 胚胎学 embryoma -oma, tumor 胚瘤 embryopathology 胚胎病理学 pathology, the study of disease, 病理学9.endo-: inner 内部的 endocrinology 内分泌学 endocardinal 心内膜的 endocellular 细胞内的10. hist/o: tissue 组织 histology 组织学 Histopathology 组织病理学 histotherapy 组织疗法hepat/o, liver 肝脏hepatitis, the inflammation of liver 肝炎 vs. endo/crino/logygastr/o, stomach 胃enter/o, intestine 肠gastr/o/enter/o/logy 肠胃病学（1）.炎: the inflammation of / -itishepatitis肝炎; hepat/o: liver 肝 arteritis动脉炎; arter/o: artery 动脉vasculitis血管炎; vascul/o: vas/o: vessel 血管nephritis肾炎; nephr/o: kidney 肾pancreatitis胰腺炎; pancreat/o: pancreas 胰腺ovaritis; oophoritis卵巢炎; pleuritis胸膜炎; pleur/o:pleura 胸膜（2） .术 operation of.缝合术:-orraphy aneurysmorraphy (suture) ;动脉瘤缝术 aneurysm:动脉瘤切除术: ectomy: removal pharyngectomy咽切除 appendectomy: 阑尾切除术 append/o: appendic/o: appendix阑尾固定术: -pexy: fixingrectopexy直肠固定术 rect/o: rectum 直肌3）方位/时间方面的词缀上： upper/superior; epi-; supra-epithelium上皮组织；下：lower/inferior; infra-; sub- subcutaneous 皮下的； cutane/o: skin前：front/anterior/prior/ fore-; ante-; pre-; antero- forehead前额； anteroposterior前后的 precirrhosis前期肝硬化；cirrh/o:orange硬变后：back/posterior/ post-; retro- postheptical肝后的； heptic/o: liver;retrocardiac心后的；cardi/o:heart内：inner/internal/ in-; endo-; ento-; entro-; intro-; inhale, inhalation吸入 endoscopy内窥镜检； -scopy：visual exam外：outer/external/ex-; exo-; ultra-； extra-； extract抽出； exhale呼出 excretion排泄物； exocardial心外的间：inter-; between; intermuscular肌肉间的；常见药物词缀：-cillin 青霉素类药物阿莫西林(羟氨苄青霉素) amoxicillin 片剂、胶囊剂 氨苄西林钠(氨苄青霉素) ampicillin sodium 注射剂 羧苄青霉素钠carbencillin 双氯青霉素 dicloxacillinCef-头孢类药物 头孢氨苄 cefalexin头孢羟氨苄 cefadroxil 头孢克洛 Cefaclor头孢吡肟 Cefepime头孢丙烯 Cefprozil头孢拉定 cephradine1. a-, an- not/without asymptomatic anemia(-emia, blood) amorphous2. ana- apart 分离 anatomy analysis(-lysis,separation/breakdown) analyst (-yst=ist, specialist)3. angio- vessels 血管 angiogram (-gram, record) angioplasty (-plasty, surgical repair) angitis (-itis, inflammation)4. anti- against反对 antibody (body, substance) antigen (a substance, )5. -ary pertaining to pulmonary (pulm/o, the lungs) urinary (urin/o, urine)6. de- lack of/down/loss deficiency degeneration deoxyribonucleic7.dia- complete, cross through diagnosis (gnos/o, knowlege) dialysis diameter (-meter, instrument of measurement)8. electr/o electricity 电 electrocardiograph (-graph, an instrument of recording) electromyogram (my/o, muscle; -gram, record) electroencephalogram (encephal/o, brain)9. en- in, within endemic (dem/o, people), enclose engulf10. gnos/o knowledge agnostic Prognosis常见的医学英语词缀（1） 痛 headache, stomachache .the pain of ; ache, -algia; -agra; -dynianeuralgia神经痛; neur/o: nerve（神经）;gastralgia胃痛 ; gastr/o: gaster, stomach(胃)arthralgia关节痛; arthr/o: joint(关节)abdominalgia腹痛; abdomin/o: abdomen（腹部）（2）.与检查有关的词缀 镜检：-scopy镜检法; -scope镜；gastroscopy 胃镜法；量具：-meter: instrument for measuring（测量仪）；cardiometer心力计；thermometer温度计 心电图： electrocardiogram =ECG; ( electrocardiograph心电图仪) 脑电图: electroencephalogram=EEGB超:type B ultrasonic CT：computerized tomography计算机x射线断层 尿检：urine analysis 血常规：blood routine（3）其他词缀 怕， 畏惧 phobia: fear；photophobia畏光 , phot/o:light困难 dys-： bad, difficulty dysfunction功能障碍; dyspepsia消化不良 dyspnea 呼吸困难, -pnea：breathing 不良 mal-： bad malnutrition营养不良； malpractice事故 malfunction机能障；malignant恶性的；maladministration管理不善好， 正， eu-： good；eugenic优生的adj. eugenics优生学; gen/o: producing（生产） euthanasia安乐死; -thanasia: death（死）瘤，肿块 oma: tumor; cancer; swelling lymphoma淋巴瘤； hematoma血肿血症 emia： blood condition leukemia白血病； septicemia败血症高：hyper- ：high，above; hyperdynamia: 肌力过度; (dynam/o: power, force: dynamic adj.) hypertension高血压（ high blood pressure）低：hypo-; low; below hypotonia 张力/压力过低 hypotension （low blood pressure）低血压 hyposensitive adj. 弱敏的疗法：-therapy radiotherapy放疗; radiotherapist(放疗专家) chemotherapy化疗 physiotherapy理疗 psychotherapy心理疗法 therapist治疗师无， 没有 a- an-: withoutatypical 非典型性的asexual无性的asymptomatic无症状的anemia贫血anorexia厌食症 orex/o: appetiteanesthesia麻醉(感觉缺失: esthesi/o: feeling, perception )elasticity n.弹性，弹力feeble adj.虚弱的，衰弱的，无力的sag vi. 松弛sensory adj. 感官的，感觉的，知觉的squeeze v. 挤；榨；捏stamina n. 精力；耐力，韧劲taut adj. 紧的，绷紧的Transitory adj. 短暂的，转瞬即逝的wreak vt. 施行（暴力）；发（脾气）；报仇wrinkled adj. 有皱纹的前缀 意思 例子 定义的例子olig/o few, scanty oligomenorrhea a scanty menstrual flow (men/o)经量异常pan- all panacea remedy that cures all ills; a cure-all治百病的药super-*above, excess supernumerary in excess number超过数量equi-equal, same equilateral having equal sides等边的，等面的hetero-other, different, heterosexual pertaining to the opposite sex异性恋的；homo-, same, maintaining a constant body temperaturehomeo- unchanging homothermic保持一个恒定的体温; warm blooded恒温的iso- equal, same isograft graft between two genetically identical individuals同基因移植物macro-large, macrocyte extremely large red blood cell大红细胞abnormally largemega-,* large;megaloabnormally largemegabladder enlargement of the bladder膀胱扩张micro- small microscopic extremely small; visible only through a microscope显微镜的neo- new neonate a newborn infant新生儿哺乳物normo normal normovolemia normal blood volume血量正常orthostraight, correct, orthotic Correcting or prevcnting deformities矫正的upright poikilo- varied（杂色的）; poikiloderma皮肤异色病irregular pseudo- false pseudoplegia false paralysis (suffix -plegia)假麻 痹，假瘫re- again; back regurgitation backward or return flow, as of blood or stomach contents回流；反刍dextr/oright dextrocardia location of the heart (cardi/o) in th 右位心e right side of the chestsinistr/oleft sinistrad toward the left向左ecto-out; outside ectoderm outermost layer of the developing ec-, embryo外胚层ex/o away from;outside excise to cut out切除，删去end/o-in; within endoscope device for viewing the inside of a cavity ororgan内窥镜mes/omiddle mesencephalon midbrain中脑syn-, together synapse a junction between two nerve cells(神sym- 经元的)突触tel/e-,end telangion a terminal vessel (root angi/o)tel/o- 终动脉与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀 病 patho- Pathogen（病原体）/pathology（病理学）/pathogenesis (发病机理/发病原)疗法-pathy ,-pathic neuropathy神经病变/nephropathy（肾病）/adrenopathy （肾上腺病）病态 osis, -otic neurosis(神经症；神经衰弱症)/tuberculosis（肺结核）/schistosomiasis (血吸虫病)增多 leukocytosis/granulocytosis (粒细胞增多)减少 penia, -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia（红细胞减少）/granulocytopenia （粒细胞减少） 小/微 -let droplet（小滴）/platelet（血小板）/leaflet（小叶） 复合/多 poly- polyuria（多尿症）/polymer聚合物/polyopia 视物显多症全/泛 pan- pancolectomy全结肠切除术 /panmyelosis全骨髓增生/pandemic全国流行的（疾病）  相反 dis- disease（疾病，不健康）/disorder（失调）/disability（不健全，残疾） 困难/障碍 dys- dysfunction（功能紊乱）/dyspepsia消化不良；胃弱/dyspnea （呼吸困难）不良 mal- malfunction（故障，失灵）/malnutrition（营养不良）/malpractice（玩忽职守，不良行为） 炎症 -itis appendicitis（阑尾炎）/bronchitis（支气管炎）/arthritis （关节炎）瘤/块 -oma lymphoma（淋巴瘤）/adenoma腺瘤/hematoma 血肿血症 -emia leukemia白血病/septicemia败血病/bacteremia菌血症痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia止痛；无痛法/hypoalgesia痛觉减退/ algometer痛觉测验计麻痹 -plegia hemiplegia（偏瘫）/pamplegia（全瘫）/myoplegia （肌瘫痪） 流出 rrhea Diarrhea（腹泻）/hypermenorrhea（月经过多）/rhinorrhea （流鼻涕）坏死 necrosis， necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis（肝坏死）/myonecrosis（肌坏死）/necrospermia （死精症）结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis结石病/lithogenesis（结石形成）/cholelithes  胆结石3. 与方位有关的前缀上 upper/superior: epi-/supra- epidemic（流行病）/epithelium（上皮细胞）/supracostal (肋上的；肋外的)下 lower/inferior: infra-/sub- infracostal肋骨下的/subclavicular(锁骨下的)/subcutaneous （皮下的）前 front/anterior/prior: fore-/ante-/pre- Forehead前额/anteroposterior前后的/precirrhosis（前期肝硬变） 后 back/posterior: post-/retro- Posthepatic肝后的/postprandial餐后的/retrocardiac 心脏后的内 inner/internal: in-/endo-/ento- Inhalation吸入/endoscopy内窥镜检查/entocranial【解剖学】颅内的外 outer/external: ex-/exo- extract取出/excretion（排泄，分泌物）间 between: inter- Intermuscular（肌间的）/intercostal （肋间部分）旁/副 on the side of: para-Parathyroid（甲状旁腺的）/paraprotein（病变蛋白，副蛋白）/pararenal 肾旁的 周,围 around : peri- Perioperative（围手术期的）/pericarditis心包炎/peritoneum腹膜 中心 central: centri-/centra- /centro-centrifugation离心分离/centralize集中地/centronucleus 中心核  反/对 opposite: counter-/contra- Counterpart（副本）/countershock对抗休克/contraindication 禁忌症注：in vivo/invaivou/活体内;in vitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内；in situ/insaitju:/原位 4. 与外科手术有关 切除: -ectomyAppendectomy阑尾切除术/gastrectomy胃切除术/splenectomy脾切除术 切开: -tomy Tracheotomy气管切开术/hysterotomy子宫切开术/craniotomy 穿颅术；颅骨切开术切（割）: -tome tracheotome气管切开刀/thoracotome 开胸刀吻合 stomy gastroesophagostomy 胃食管吻合术成形术 -plasty Tracheoplasty气管成形术/osteoplasty外科 骨成形术/myoplasty（肌成形术） 造影: -graphy Angiography血管造影/nephrography肾实质造影/phlebography （静脉造影术）经: trans- Transabdominal经腹的/translateral经两侧的/transurethral （经尿道的） 注： -graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy 心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录医学英语中的常用词缀-phasia 某种语言的变态speech演讲 heterophasia异语症uttering故意提供或传递伪造文件罪 words that are different from those intended异语症，错语症-lalia 含糊不清的讲话speech, babblecoprolalia秽语症compulsive use of obscene words (copro means “feces”)秽语症-lexia苛性液葡萄干readingdyslexia读写困难difficulty in reading读写困难-plegia麻痹，瘫痪paralysistetraplegia四肢麻痹，四肢瘫痪 paralysis of all four limbs四肢麻痹，四肢瘫痪-paresis轻度瘫痪，麻痹性痴呆partial paralysis部分麻痹hemiparesis轻偏瘫，偏身轻瘫partial paralysis of one side of the body轻偏瘫，偏身轻瘫-lepsy 病的发作 病的侵袭seizure疾病的突然发作narcolepsy发作性睡(眠)病;嗜睡症condition marked by sudden episodes of sleep发作性睡(眠)病;嗜睡症-phobia 恐惧 憎恶persistent, irrational fear非理性恐惧 agoraphobia广场恐怖症fear of being in a public place (from Greek agora, meaning “marketplace”)恐旷症;公共场所恐惧症-mania癖，狂excited state, obsessionmegalomaniaexaggerated self-importance自大; “delusions of grandeur”地位或权势的幻想，精神病态的幻想 自大狂;夸大狂与“作用”有关的前（后）缀l 杀 -cide/-cidal l Insecticide杀虫剂/pesticide杀虫剂/bactericidal杀菌的 抑 -stasis/-static bacteriostasis细菌抑制/virostatic抑制病毒的/tuberculostatic抑制结核菌生长的 驱逐 -fuge l febrifuge退热药/centrifuge  离心机抗 -anti l antibiotic抗生的，抗菌的/antimycotic抗真菌的/antimutagen 抗突变剂去/脱/除 de- detergent清洁剂，去垢剂/ desensitization脱敏回/再/复 re- reabsorb再吸收，重吸收/reactivation再活化 再生/recombinant 重组 重组体冷冻 cryo- cryobiology低温生物学/cryopreservation低温贮藏/cryoprotectant  冷冻保护剂否/去/分离 dis- disinfection杀菌消毒/dissociate游离/dissection 解剖解开向后/退行 retro- retrograde倒退/retrosternal胸骨后的/retrocardiac在心脏后