专题 10 动词的时态和语态——《破解2021年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题》（原卷版）.doc

【2019 黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考】As an exchange student, Alan _ Qiqihar for one and a half years. A. has been toB. has been inC. has gone to【答案】B【解析】句意：作为一名交换生，Alan在齐齐哈尔已经有一年半了。A. has been to 去过；B. has been in呆在某地；C. has gone to去了，可能在途中，也可能已经到了。根据for one and a half years.可知动词是持续性的。这里用have been in表示呆在某地多长时间了。根据题意，故选B。此题学生容易做错的原因是分不清has gone to和has been to的用法： somebody has gone to +表示地点的名词：意思某人去了某个地方(有可能在还在路上，有可能到达了某个地方，但是还没有回来)Tom has gone to America. 汤姆去了美国（有可能还在去美国路上，有可能已经抵达美国）somebody has been to + 表示地点的名词：意思某人曾经过去过地方（但是现在已经不在那个地方了）Tom has been to America. 汤姆曾经过去过美国（现在已经不在美国了）现在完成时中been to，gone to和been in/at been to去过某地，表示某人的一种经历，可以和once，twice，already，ever，never等连用。 She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里) gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。 She has gone to Shanghai. (表示现在她人不在这里) 她已经去了上海。 been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间)，常和for ten days，since I came here等连用。She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. 自从她搬到那以后，她就一直住在上海。 【2019 湖北宜昌中考】What great progress Huawei in recent years! No wonder it is widely known in all parts of the world. A. is makingB. has madeC. makesD. made【答案】B【解析】句意：华为近年来取得了多么大的进步啊!难怪它在世界各地广为人知。考查动词时态辨析。in recent years在最近几年，用于现在完成时；Huawei是单数第三人称，助动词需用has；根据句意结构，可知选B。此题考查现在完成时，现在完成时是中考常考的考点，考生掌握住现在完成时的用法，是做对这类题的关键。现在完成时用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。I have already posted the photo. 我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响照片不在这里。2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。for + 时间段 译为：时间since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从以来)since + 时间段 + agosince + 从句(过去时)It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose.)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：come/arrive/reach/get tobe in go outbe out finishbe over openbe open diebe dead buyhave Fall illbe ill Come backbe back Put onbe on/wear Worrybe worried Catch a coldhave a cold现在完成时连用的时间状语现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如for+时间段，since+时间点。如：We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。学科%网从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：Ive just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如：How have you been recently? 你近来状况如何？The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years. 那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1. 侧重点不同现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如：I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）2. 时间状语不同现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及for+段时间，since+过去时间/从句等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与时间段+ago，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：来源:Zxxk.ComShe has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。【2019 四川省广元市】If you study hard, you _ into a good senior high school. A. gotB. will getC. get【答案】B【解析】考查条件状语从句时态的用法。句意：如果你努力学习，你_进入一个好点的高中。A. got 表示一般过去时；B. will get 是一般将来时；C. get 是一般现在时。连词if引导的条件状语从句中，主句是一般将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来的动作。由句意可知，主句是将来发生的动作，用一般将来时，故选B。此题考查一般将来时的用法，该句为if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则。考生掌握在什么情况下用将来时，更容易作对这类题。一般将来时一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。1. 基本结构：be going to + do； will+ do.I am going to sing in the singing competition next week.Sally will have dance lessons this weekend.2. 否定句和疑问句： 否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或will后加not，常缩略为wont。例如：He isnt going to practice the piano this month. Tony wont visit the Great Wall next summer. 在一般疑问句中，通常把be或will提到句首。例如：Are you going to see your grandmother next month?Will you watch a football game tomorrow?3. There be句型的一般将来时该句型的一般将来时也有两种形式：“there is/are going to be”和“there will be”。如：There will be a nice concert tonight.(There is going to be a concert tonight.一般疑问句为“Will there be或Is/Are there going to be?”，对应的肯定回答Yes, there will. (Yes, there is/ are.)；否定回答为：No, there wont.( No, there isnt/ arent.)。例如：Will there a heavy rain tomorrow?Yes, there will. / No, there wont.15.【2019 临沂市】Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels to rise. Since 1993, sea levels _at a speed of 3.2 cm every 10 years. A. roseB. have risenC. rise【答案】B【解析】句意：融冰会导致海平面上升，自1993年以来，海平面以每10年3.2厘米的速度上升。根据句子中的since自从，可知动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，并有可能一直持续下去，符合现在完成时的定义，完成时结构：主语+ have/has +过去分词，故选B。【2019 内蒙古呼和浩特市】The shop in Wanda Square _for six years, but I _there so far. A. has opened; havent gone B. has been opened; havent been C. has been open; havent gone D. has been opened; havent been【答案】B【解析】句意：万达广场的商店已经开了六年了，但到目前为止我还没有去过。第一个空，由so far“到目前为止”可知，现在完成时态；be open表示延续性动作be的过去分词是been，A、D不正确；第二个空，have been去过（已经回来了），have gone去了（没回来），结合语境"我还没有去过"，用haven't been，C不正确，故选：B。被动语态的特殊情况：1. 不能用被动语态的几种情况：（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。（4）表示希望、意图的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。2. 主动形式表被动意义的情况：（1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 （2）当cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等词带状语修饰语时。（3）当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词词组表示发生、关闭、制定等意思时。（4）want，require，need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。（5）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。（6）在be + 形容词 + to do中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。1. has gone to和has been to的区别和用法；2. 现在完成时用法；3. 被动语态的特殊情况。1.【2019 广西百色市】Your father has gone to Shenzhen on business, hasn't he？ Yes And he _in two weeks A. will returnB. has returned C. returnedD. returns2.【2019 广西百色市】Neither my sister nor I _been to Xi'an before A. have neverB. have everC. has neverD. has ever3.【2019 湖南长沙中考】 I cant find Sarah. Where is she? She _ for tomorrows Xingcheng Cup speaking competition at home. A. preparesB. will prepareC. is preparing4.【2019 四川眉山中考】 Linda has to Paris. How can I get in touch with her? Dont worry. She will call you as soon as she there. A. been；will getB. been；getsC. gone；will getD. gone；gets5.【2019 四川省眉山市】 Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it? In October. I it for two months. A. hadB. boughtC. have hadD. have bought6.【2019 湖北省咸宁市】Lets go climbing if it _ this Saturday. Good idea. But nobody knows if it . A. is fine; rainsB. is fine; will rain C. will be fine; rainsD. will be fine; will rain7.【2019 襄阳市】 Why wont we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon? Because they _ Longzhong for a study trip. A. have gone toB. have been toC. had gone toD. had been to8.【2019 湖南省益阳市】Susan and her sister _some photos in the park the day after tomorrow. A. takeB. tookC. will take9.【2019 江苏省南京市】Wendy, how long have you had the Huawei P30 Pro? A couple of days. I _ it last week AboughtBbuyCwill buyDhave bought10.【2019 广西北部湾经济区】 I went to your office at 9:00 yesterday morning, but you were not in. Sorry, I _with the manager in the meeting room at that time. A. am talkingB. was talkingC. were talkingD. have talked11.【2019 贵州省毕节市】How many letters you to your mother? 109 in all, since 2016. A. has；writtenB. have；writtenC. did；writeD. are；writing12.【2019 大庆市】 My car _ yesterday. Could you please give me a ride tomorrow? Im sorry I cant, Im _ Dalian tomorrow morning. A. breaks down; flying atB. has broken down; flying at C. broke down; flying toD. had broken down: flying to13.【2019 四川省广元市】What did you do the day before yesterday? I _ for an English test. A. studyB. studiedC. studying14.【2019 四川省广元市】How long have you _ your cap? It looks cool. About two weeks. A. borrowedB. boughtC. had4.【2019 湖南省郴州市】Where is Mr. Green? He _the bookshop You have to wait for him. A. was going toB. has gone toC. has been to7.【2019 湖北省黄冈市】Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days. She Wuhan. Shell be back next week. A. has gone toB. has been to C. have gone toD. have been to1.【2019 湖北省宜昌市】Its reported that 31 of the brave young men in a big forest fire in Sichuan. I dont know who they are, but I know who they are for. A. were killingB. were killedC. killedD. had killed2.【2019 湖南长沙】 Perfect photos! Good skills! Thank you. They _ by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I am not skillful at all. A. tookB. were takenC. will be taken3.【2019 湖南省岳阳市】It's reported that NotreDame de Paris（巴黎圣母院）_in April 2019 Awas burntBis burntCbe burnt4.【2019 四川省眉山市】Paper first about two thousand years ago in China by Cai Lun. A. is; inventingB. is; invented C. has; inventedD. was; invented5.【2019 湖北省咸宁市】 The passenger refused to move after taking another ones seat! What a shame! He according to the new credit system(诚信体系). A. punishB. punished C. will punishD. will be punished6.【2019 襄阳市】 I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning. You know they _ by the hard-working cleaners every day. A. cleanB. are cleaned C. are cleaningD. will clean1.（北京市西城区2019模拟试题）Our lives _ a lot since the Internet was invented.A. changedB. are changingC. will changeD. have changed2.（2019年汕头市潮南区初中学业水平模拟）His flight because there was something wrong with the plane. So he had to take the high-speed train from Shenzhen to Xiamen.A. was canceledB. canceledC. is canceledD. cancels3.（山东青岛北区一中2019一模）-How long has he _ the village school? -Since he graduate from the university.A. gone toB. been toC. taught inD. arrived in4. (河北武邑中学2019-2020九年级上学期期中)Not only his parents but also his sister _ to the Palace Museum. They havent been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has beenD. has gone.5. (河北武邑中学2019-2020九年级上学期期中)Mike wants to know if you_ a picnic tomorrow.    Yes. But if it_, well go to the museum instead.A. will have; will rainB. have; will rainC. will have; rainsD. have; is rainy6. (长春外国语学校2019-2020学年第一学期期中) Mayto the party. She enjoyed herself with us.  A. invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited7. (北京101中学2019-2020学年第一学期期中) Our team _ every match since April, but we still have three more games to play.A. has won B. will won C. win D. won8.（2019年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考英语模拟试题）- Excuse me. Who came in just now?- Sorry, I don't know. I _ my e-mail from my friend.A. am readingB. was readingC. will readD. have read9. (北京市西城区九年级模拟测试.Sam, let's do the cleaning together.Just a minute. I _ my homework, almost finished.A. didB. am doingC. will doD. have done10. (2019北京市西城区九年级模拟测试)John, you _ weight if you do exercise every day.A. loseB. lostC. will loseD. have lost11.（人大附中2019年初三年级下学期质检题)29.When the power of love _ the love of power, the world will be likely in peace.A. overcomesB. will overcomeC. is overcomingD. overcame12. (广东省江门市2019-2020学年度第一学期期中调研).Jim, long time no see! Where have you ?I Beijing with my parents.A. been; have gone toB. been, have been toC. gone; wentD. gone; have gone to13. (珠海市北大附属实验学校初中部2020届九年级上学期10月调研英语9.Where is Tom?He _ the USA. He _ back in two months.A. has gone to; comesB. has bee to; will beC. has been to; comesD. has gone to; will be14. (北京市上地实验学校2019-2020学年九年级上学期第二次统练)Many green parks in our city last year.A. buildB. builtC. were builtD. are built15. (山东滨州部分学校2019-2020学年九年级上学期第一次月考).Premier Zhou Enlai_ for many years, he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people.A. diedB. was deadC. has been diedD. has been dead16. (河南省南阳市内乡县2019届九年级中招一模考试英语试题)-Last night I said hello to you in the street, but you didnt answer me.-I _ out with my parents. Maybe it was too crowded to see you.A. am hangingB. was hangingC. will hangD. have hung