【备战2022英语中考】七年级下册Unit 11 2021届人教版英语中考一轮复习（词汇+语法讲解）.docx

备战2022中考一轮复习:七下U11 词汇+语法讲解【单词默写】意思单词词性意思单词词性廉价的，便宜的花黑暗的，昏暗的礼物，赠品极好的，优秀的导游，向导使人兴奋的，令人激动的马昂贵的博物馆感兴趣的油画，绘画可爱的机器人缓慢的，迟缓的太阳快地(的)(常用于否定句或疑问句)任何东西，任何事物幸运地，好运地所有事物，一切相当，完全务农，种田昨天喂养，饲养乡村，农村种植，生长，发育奶牛听到，听见农场挤奶农民，农场主采，摘火，火灾担心，担忧【单词变形】单词三单过去式过去分词现在分词farmfeedgrowhearmilkpickworry单词复数单词复数单词复数countrysidefiremuseumcowflowerpaintingfarmgiftrobotfarmerguidesunhorse单词比较级最高级单词比较级最高级cheapexcitingdarkexpensivelovelyfastslowluckily【单词变性】exciting形容词变动词_interested形容词变动词_slow形容词变副词_luckily副词变形容词_painting名词变动词_【一词多义】1. dark _ _Its getting dark.He likes dark green.2. fire _ _Everyone should be careful in case it is on fire.“Fire” sometimes is used in a battle.3. farm _ _Farmers work on the farm every day.The family has farmed here for years.4. grow _ _ _We grow one tree every year on Trees Planting Day.Everyone will grow up no matter what happens.Maybe most ladies don't want to grow old.5. milk _ _Having a cup of milk before going to bed helps good sleep.The farmer is milking the cow now.【词汇用法】1. exciting: adj./sth. be exciting/sb. be exciting相关词辨析: exciting vs. excitedexciting: adj./sth. be exciting/sb. be excitingexcited: adj./sb. be excited同类型的词:意思-ing-ed使某人愉悦使某人吃惊使某人感动使某人兴奋使某人感兴趣使某人失望2. hear: v./hear sth./hear about/hear of/hear from/hear sb. do/doing sth.近义词辨析: sound vs. listen to vs. hearsound: v./sound +adj./表状态listen to: v./listen to sb./sth./表过程hear: v./hear sth./hear about/hear of/hear from/hear sb. do/doing sth./表结果相关词辨析: watch vs. see vs. hearwatch: watch sth./watch sb. do/doing sth./watch outsee: see sb. do/doing sth./see sb. offhear: hear sb. do/doing sth./hear of sb./hear about sth./hear from sb.3. pick: v./pick sth./pick up/pick out4. worry: v./be worried about/worry sb./worry about【攻占语法】时态(一般过去时)一、一般过去时的基本形式: _二、一般过去时的动词变化规则变化规则动词过去式例词一般情况下以e结尾以辅音字母+y结尾以重读闭音节辅元辅结尾三、一般过去时的动词不规则变化1. AA型 (动词原形与过去式同形)单词过去式单词过去式单词过去式cost (花费)let (让)set (设置)cut (割)put (放)shut (关上)hit (打)read (读)beat (跳动)hurt 伤害)spread (伸展/ 传播)2. AB型 (动词原形与过去式不同形)单词过去式单词过去式单词过去式become (变成)mean (意思是)drink (喝)come (来)learn (学习)ring (铃响)run (跑)burn(燃烧)sing (唱) dig (挖)catch (抓住)swim (游泳)stick (粘贴 /刺)teach (教)blow(吹)hang (绞死)bring (带来)draw (画)hang (悬挂) fight (战斗) fly(飞)shine (照耀)buy (买) grow (生长)win (赢)think (想) know (知道)sit (坐) sell (卖) throw (投掷)hold (抓住)tell (告诉)show (出示)keep (保持)get (得到)break (打破)sleep (睡)lay (产卵)steal (偷)sweep (扫)say (说)freeze (结冰/凝固)feel (感觉)hear (听见)speak (说)spell (拼写)find (找到)choose (选择)smell (闻)have/has(有)do (做)leave (离开)make (制造)wake (醒)lend (借出)meet (遇见)wear (穿)send (传送)feed ( 饲养 )take (取)spend (花费)*lead (领导) mistake(弄错)build (建设)give (给) *shake(动摇) lose (丢失) stand (站)go (去)forget (忘记)understand(明白)lie (平躺)eat (吃) hide (躲藏)be ( am, is, are ) (是)fall (落下)begin (开始)drive (驾驶)ride (骑)see (看见)rise (升高)write (写)三、一般过去时的意义1. 陈述过去时间发生的事情2. 表示过去阶段性发生的动作四、一般过去时的时间状语1. 时间状语: last year, three days ago, the next day, the other day, after three years, three days later2. 频率: once a week, twice a month, every day, every other day3. 状语从句: if, when 引导的状语从句4. 宾语从句: 主句为一般过去时，从句用相对应的过去时态【词汇练习】1. Did you do a _ fun during the summer vacation?2. The dress is not only nice but also c _. It only cost me $30.3. It's too d _ in the room. I can't see anything. Let's turn on the light.4. The sports meeting is a great success, and e _ is going fine.5. Lang Lang is an e _ pianist. He has won many competitions.6. Mr. Black is a TV reporter. His job is quite e _, but a little tired.7. The bag is too e _. I don't think I have enough money to afford it.8. F _ are not the only ones suffering as the river slowly becomes polluted.9. In the sports meeting, Lucy jumped f _ of all the girls. So she won the first prize.10. I often help my mother f_ chickens on rice in my spare time. 11. The air was so clean that and we saw many green trees and beautiful f _ in the mountain. 12. The tea is g_ by farmers on the side of mountains. 13. I learned a lot after listening to the tour g _ introduction of the history museum.14. Have you ever h_ of the movie Returning? It is worth watching.15. I am looking forward to h _ from you. I miss you so much.16. My mother is very i _ in cooking. She always makes different kinds of dishes for me.17. A car hit a boy on this road just now. L _, the boy wasnt hurt badly.18. The Palace M _ is in Beijing, and its so big and beautiful.19. Alice always thinks more of others than herself, so she has made q _ a few friends.20. Some snake r _ in India are able to help search for the people in fallen buildings.21. Could you please speak more s _? I didnt quite catch you.22. I was terribly w _ about the children when they didnt come home from school.23. If you w _ someone about something such as a possible danger or problem, you tell them about it so that they are aware of it.24. He arrived late for school y _, so this morning he got up earlier than any other day.25. Jack won the first prize in the speech contest, so he felt q _ excited.【语法练习】1. Jim has made many friends since he_ (come) to China.2. Cathy was so careless that she_ (hurt) her right arm when she practiced volleyball.3. I called you, but nobody answered. Where_ (be) you?4. Tony _ (play) football every weekend when his was young.5. After Steven sent some e-mails, he _ (start) surfing the Internet.6. Our team _ (beat) the students from Motel School in the championship! Thats because Super Jimmy was on the school team!7. He doesnt need to look after his mother any longer because she_ (die) two days ago.8. I thought to myself that this lady is so under-appreciated(未被赏识的) and needs recognizing for all her hard work. So I _(write) a note telling her that the students appreciated everything she did and that her contribution to our school made a difference in all of our lives.9. I asked all of my professors but no one knew her name. I finally went to ask the lady at student services and _(tell) that her name was Kathy.10. To make money, many students looked for part-time jobs and _(experience) how hard life was.11. Soccer fans have been crazy about him since 2003, when he _(join) a professional sports team in the United States.12. At school many students played jokes on him because he looked different from everyone else. He _(refuse) to be others friend.13. A boy on a bike _(catch) my attention . He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.14. One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He _(cook) some delicious food in the kitchen.15. The hardest part _(lie) in my oral presentation from my memory, for to read from the paper was not allowed.16. The first time I _(stand) in front of an audience I was scared.17. He turned around and _(rush) into the pay telephone again.18. For example, I ordered a digital camera online the other day and _(spend) $50, $20 cheaper.19. I called out his name and _(look) in all the back streets. But I didnt see him again.20. It was enough to know that the sun was out. That _(mean) it was daytime.【参考答案】意思单词词性意思单词词性廉价的，便宜的cheapadj.花flowern.黑暗的，昏暗的darkadj.礼物，赠品giftn.极好的，优秀的excellentadj.导游，向导guiden.使人兴奋的，令人激动的excitingadj.马horsen.昂贵的expensiveadj.博物馆museumn.感兴趣的interestedadj.油画，绘画paintingn.可爱的lovelyadj.机器人robotn.缓慢的，迟缓的slowadj.太阳sunn.快地(的)fastadj.&adv.(常用于否定句或疑问句)任何东西，任何事物anythingpron.幸运地，好运地luckilyadv.所有事物，一切everythingpron.相当，完全quiteadv.务农，种田farmv.昨天yesterdayadv.喂养，饲养feedv.乡村，农村countrysiden.种植，生长，发育growv.奶牛cown.听到，听见hearv.农场farmn.挤奶milkv.农民，农场主farmern.采，摘pickv.火，火灾firen.担心，担忧worryv.&n.单词三单过去式过去分词现在分词farmfarmsfarmedfarmedfarmingfeedfeedsfedfedfeedinggrowgrowsgrewgrowngrowinghearhearsheardheardhearingmilkmilksmilkedmilkedmilkingpickpickspickedpickedpickingworryworriesworriedworriedworrying单词复数单词复数单词复数countryside/fire/museummuseumscow/flowerflowerspaintingpaintingsfarmfarmsgiftgiftsrobotrobotsfarmerfarmersguideguidessun/horsehorses单词比较级最高级单词比较级最高级cheapcheapercheapestexcitingmore excitingmost excitingdarkdarkerdarkestexpensivemore expensivemost expensivelovelymore lovelymost lovelyfastfasterfastestslowslowerslowestluckilymore luckilymost luckilyexciting形容词变动词exciteinterested形容词变动词interestslow形容词变副词slowlyluckily副词变形容词luckypainting名词变动词paint1. dark 黑的 深的 Its getting dark.He likes dark green.2. fire 火 开火 Everyone should be careful in case it is on fire.“Fire” sometimes is used in a battle.3. farm 农场 务农 Farmers work on the farm every day.The family has farmed here for years.4. grow 种植 长大 变老We grow one tree every year on Trees Planting Day.Everyone will grow up no matter what happens.Maybe most ladies don't want to grow old.5. milk 牛奶 挤奶Having a cup of milk before going to bed helps good sleep.The farmer is milking the cow now.1. exciting: adj./sth. be exciting/sb. be exciting相关词辨析: exciting vs. excitedexciting: adj./sth. be exciting/sb. be excitingexcited: adj./sb. be excited同类型的词:意思-ing-ed使某人愉悦pleasingpleased使某人吃惊surprisingsurprised使某人感动movingmoved使某人兴奋excitingexcited使某人感兴趣interestinginterested使某人失望disappointingdisappointed一、一般过去时的基本形式: did二、一般过去时的动词变化规则变化规则动词过去式例词一般情况下+edwalk stay以e结尾+d以辅音字母+y结尾把y改成i再加edstudy以重读闭音节辅元辅结尾双写末尾字母+edstop三、一般过去时的动词不规则变化1. AA型 (动词原形与过去式同形)单词过去式单词过去式单词过去式cost (花费)costlet (让)letset (设置)setcut (割)cutput (放)putshut (关上)shuthit (打)hitread (读)readbeat (跳动)beathurt 伤害)hurtspread (伸展/ 传播)spread2. AB型 (动词原形与过去式不同形)单词过去式单词过去式单词过去式become (变成)becamemean (意思是)meantdrink (喝)drankcome (来)camelearn (学习)learntring (铃响)rangrun (跑)ranburn(燃烧)burntsing (唱) sangdig (挖)dugcatch (抓住)caughtswim (游泳)swamstick (粘贴 /刺)stuckteach (教)taughtblow(吹)blewhang (绞死)hangedbring (带来)broughtdraw (画)drewhang (悬挂) hungfight (战斗) foughtfly(飞)flewshine (照耀)shonebuy (买) boughtgrow (生长)grewwin (赢)wonthink (想) thoughtknow (知道)knewsit (坐) satsell (卖) soldthrow (投掷)threwhold (抓住)heldtell (告诉)toldshow (出示)showedkeep (保持)keptget (得到)gotbreak (打破)brokensleep (睡)sleptlay (产卵)laidsteal (偷)stolesweep (扫)sweptsay (说)saidfreeze (结冰/凝固)frozefeel (感觉)felthear (听见)heardspeak (说)spokespell (拼写)speltfind (找到)foundchoose (选择)chosesmell (闻)smelthave/has(有)haddo (做)didleave (离开)leftmake (制造)madewake (醒)wokelend (借出)lentmeet (遇见)metwear (穿)woresend (传送)sentfeed ( 饲养 )fedtake (取)tookspend (花费)spent*lead (领导) ledmistake(弄错)mistookbuild (建设)builtgive (给) gave*shake(动摇) shooklose (丢失) loststand (站)stoodgo (去)wentforget (忘记)forgotunderstand(明白)understoodlie (平躺)layeat (吃) atehide (躲藏)hidbe ( am, is, are ) (是)was/werefall (落下)fellbegin (开始)beganwrite (写)wrotedrive (驾驶)droveride (骑)rodesee (看见)sawrise (升高)rose【词汇练习】Anything cheap dark everything excellent easy expensive Farmers farthest feeding flowers grown guides heard hearing interested Luckily Museum quite robots slowly worried worry yesterday quite【语法练习】came hurt were played started beat died wrote told experienced joined refused caught cooked lay stood rushed spent looked meant