备考2022中考英语中考专题：不定式（答案不全）.docx

中考专题：动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为：to +动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式，本身无词义；它的否定形式是:not to do .(1) 常见的带to的不定式的动词有：打算想要学会它; (plan, want/would like, learn)希望同意来选择; (hope/wish, agree/promise, choose) +to do 准备决定被拒绝; (prepare, decide/determine, refuse)设法假装未做到. (manage, pretend, fail) ask Ask , teach , allow , advise , persuade , require , tell , cause ,invite，encourage，enable，expect+sb+to do 小练习：He asked me _ to his birthday party. A. to goB. goC. goesD. went(2) 常见不带to的动词可以总结为：“五看”：see , watch , notice ，look ，observe“三使役：have , make , let “两听”：hear ,listen to“一感觉”：feel “半帮助：help*NOTE:这些动词用于被动语态时to是不省略的。例如：I was made to do homework.还有在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。例如:You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。小练习： 1. So much work usually makes them _ very tired. A. to feelB. feelsC. feelingD. feel 2. Many boys and girls are made _ what theyre not _. A. to do, interestedB. to do, interested in C. do, interested inD. doing, interested3. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enterB. enter C. enteringD. entered 4. When I was walking in the street. I saw a plane _ over my head. A. fliesB. flyingC. flewD. to fly5. You'd better_your coat. It's cold outside. A. put on B . to put on C. putting on D. puts on二.句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us. = It is not easy for us to speak English.做主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room every day. = To clean the room every day is my work.多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为做主语。宾语-What sports does he like to play?-He likes to play basketball.只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.在make, let, see, hear, watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式可省略。定语Have you got anything to say?不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you.不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语要一致。(1) 考查动词不定式做主语1._is difficult to work on the Great Wall.A. This B. It C. That D. Its2. It's nice_ you_ me with my maths.A. for; to help B. for; helping C. of; to help D. of; helping (2)考查动词不定式作表语：1. His ambition is _A. a teacher B. to be a teacher C. to be teacher D teach (3)考查动词不定式作宾语1. They decided_ at the end of this month.A. to leave B. going C. travel D. not start out2. All of us found_ difficult to work out the maths problem.A. what B. that C. which D. it 3. Please stop_ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has (4)考查动词不定式作定语1. There's enough bird food_ for a month. A. to last B. lastC. lasts D. lasted2. She has no paper_.A. to write B. to write with C. write on D. to write on (5)考查动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Mother asked me_ some fruit after supper. A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy2. Let him_ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.A. have B. gets C. to take D. has3. It was raining heavily outside. The father made the children_ in the room.A. to stay B. stay C. staying D. stayed4.-I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang's home just now.-Yes, she is often seen_ the old man with his housework.A. help B. to helpC. helps D. helped(6)考查动词不定式作状语1. Yesterday morning I got up early _be late for the exam.A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to2. Let's_ so as not_ late for the meeting.A. to hurry, to B. to hurry, to be C. hurry, to be D. hurry, be三: 含有动词不定式的句式归纳 常见的含有动词不定式的句式主要有以下几种：A) It takes (costs) sb. some time （money）to do sth. 某人花费多少时间（金钱）做某事。例如： 1. It often takes me half an hour to watch TV every evening. 每天晚上我常常用半小时看电视。 在使用该句式要注意的是：sb. 如果代词表示用宾格；take随时态改变；句中的时间用段时间，对时间提问用how long。 例 It took us more than two hours to do our homework yesterday. How long did it take you to do your homework yesterday?B）Its time to do sth. 该做某事了，同义句为：Its time for sth. / doing sth. 例： Its time to go to school. 该上学了。 =（Its time for school.） Its time to get up. 该起床了。 =（Its time for getting up.） 此句可以扩展为：Its time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时间了。 for sb. to do sth. 是动词不定式的复合结构。例： Its time for me to work. 到我工作的时间了。 Its time for you to go to school. 到你们上学的时间了。C） 主语be（not）+adj.+enough to do sth. （某人、某物）足够（不能）做某事。例： The boy is old enough to go to school. 这个孩子到了上学年龄。 Im tall enough to reach the top of the tree. 我够高能够到树顶。 Note 1:此句是肯定句时，可以用主besoadj.that的句型（即sothat表示的结果状语从句）来替换。 The boy is old enough to go to school. =The boy is so old that he can go to school. I Im tall enough to reach the top of the tree.=I am so tall that I can reach the top of the tree. Note2: 此句是否定句式时，既可以用sothat引导的结果状语从句来替换，还可以用tooto句式替换。例：(1)他太小不能去上班。He is not old enough to go to work. He is so young that he cant go to work. He is too young to go to work. 再如： 这个箱子太重我搬不动The box is not light enough for me to carry. The box is too heavy for me to carry. The box is so heavy that I cant carry it. D）sb. +be ready + to do sth. （某人乐意做某事） He is always ready to help others. （他总是乐于帮助别人） Im always ready to make new friends. 我总是乐于结交新朋友。E）Its +adj. + for / of sb. to do sth. 这是动词不定式的复合结构对某人来说做某事例：Its dangerous for children to play football in the street. 对孩子来说在街上踢足球是很危险的。 Its very kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太好了。 该句式中，引导动词不定式的逻辑主语的介词用for还是of，主要取决于前面的形容词。如果形容词是描述动词不定式的行为者的性格、品质的。如：kind, good, nice, wrong, right, clever, careless, foolish等，应用of；如果形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对动词不定式的行为者的品质进行评价的，就用for. 常见这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous等。 Its wrong of you to do it. 你做这件事是错的。 Its hard for you to be a lawyer. 对你来说做律师很困难。F）主+would like / love to do sth. 喜欢（想做某事） Id like to go there with you. 我很想和你一起去那。 Id love I like to help you study English. 我很愿意帮你学英语。 此句式还可以扩展为： would like / love sb. to do sth. “喜欢/想让某人做某事。” Id like you to stay here. 我想让你留在这。 Id like them to help me. 我想让他们帮助我。G） Why dont you +动词原形+？（Why not动词原形？）你为什么不？ 这本书有点难，为什么不读些容易的？ This book is a bit hard, why not read something easier? Its warm here, why dont you take off your coat? 这很暖和，你为什么不脱掉外衣？ There is a seat, why not sit down? 还有座位，怎么不坐下？H）prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿也不愿 I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. 我宁愿呆在家里，也不愿出去。 She prefers to be poor rather than get money in such a way. 她宁愿受穷也不愿以这种方式挣钱。I）Its ones turn to do sth. 该轮到谁做某事了。 ones用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来替换。例： Its my turn to be on duty. 该轮到我值日了。 Its Li Pings turn to clean the blackboard. 该轮到李平擦黑板了。J）主语be形容词to do sth. 做某事如何。例： Im sorry to hear that. 听到这事很难过。 Im glad to see you again. 再次见到你我很高兴。K)有些动词后既可以跟动词不定式也可以跟动名词形式。V + to do 和 V + v-ing 的区别：请你自己再思考一下，看还有几个有相同用法的单词？1.Stop _ so much noise! Father is working at the desk. A. to makeB. makingC. to hearD. hearing 2. You must be very tired. Why not _ a rest? A. to stop to haveB. to stop having C. stop to haveD. stop having 3 . Im sorry, I _ my homework at home. Thats all right. Dont forget _ it to school this afternoon. A. forget, to takeB. forget, bring C. left, to takeD. left, to bring 4. Wheres my letter, Mum? You posted it yesterday. Oh, I really forget _ it. A. to post B. posting C. post D. to posting L)特殊疑问词(how, what, which, why, where, when) 加上动词不定式做宾语。e.g.：I dont know what to do next 我不知道接下来做什么！Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy. 有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。考查"连接代(副)词+动词不定式"结构的用法1. There's no difference between the two words. I really don't know_.A. what to choose B. which to choose C. to choose which D. to choose what2. The students of Class One will spend their winter holiday in Shenzhen, but the students of Class Two haven't decided_.A. what to buy B. how to go C. where to go D. which to choose3._the computer is a problem.A. How to use B. What to use C. Which to use D. Where to use 考点分析在英语中有些动词,如ask, decide, tell, know等后可接"疑问代(副)词+动词不定式"作宾语,以此对宾语从句进行简化。注意:进行简化的条件是主句中的主语和从句的主语必须是同一人称。此外,动词不定式还可以和what, where, how, when, which等连接代词(副词)连用,在句中做主语。考查固定句式中动词不定式的用法1. -You look rather tired._ stop to take a rest? -All right. But I'll have to work for a few more minutes.A. Why not B. Do you C. What about D. How about2. The TV set is too loud. Will you please_? A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn it down D. to turn down it考点分析各地中考试题在固定句式中对动词不定式的考查常见的有:had better (not) do sth.意为"最好(不)做某事"。Why not do sth.?意为"为什么不做。"Will/Would you please (not) do sth.。意为"请你(不要)好吗。课堂练习 单项填空：从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并将答案填写在题前的括号内。 （满分20分）( ) 6. It is_ great fun to go swimming in _river in summer. A. a; aB.不填；aC. a; 不填D. 不填; 不填( ) 7. -You are not going out today, are you? -_. I need to go shopping. A. No, I amB. Yes, I am notC. No, I am notD. Yes, I am( ) 8. “Is_ you want to say?” the teacher asked.A. this B. that C. all that D. that all( ) 9. Our plane _from London at 8:30 yesterday morning.A. took offB. put onC. pulled outD. rushed out( ) 10. -_? -Hes a kind-hearted man.A. How is he B. What is he like C. What is he D. What does he like( ) 11. -Look, it _be Li Ming.-No, it _be him. He has gone abroad. A. may; mustnt B. must; may not C. must ; cant D. can; may not( ) 12. -May I help you with some gloves?-Yes, Id like to try on those blue _.A. oneB. onesC. pairD. two( ) 13. -You dont look well . Whats wrong?-_.A. Im nice B. Fine, thank you C. Im not quite myself D. Its none of your business( ) 14. Who did the teacher_ a picture for the wall newspaper?A. has drawB. has drawn C. have drawn D. have draw( ) 15. Melissa was very amazed that her husband went to the party _her, and that was quite unusual. A. except B. against C. without D. by( ) 16. I had no idea which was better, so I took _ of them.A. anyB. every C. bothD. none( ) 17. He _this bike for 500 yuan. Though it was a bit expensive, I think it was reasonable. A. paid B. spent C. offered D. cost( ) 18. -I d like to buy a good camera.-Well, we have several models _.A. to chooseB. to choose from C. to pick D. to pick up( ) 19. Not only my father but also my mother and I _ going to visit the new campus (校区) of Fuzhou No.1 Middle School. A. is B. are C. am D. was( ) 20. Houses in the country are _ than those in the city.A. less cheaperB. as expensiveC. more cheaperD. much less expensive( ) 21. The colors of that coat and hat dont _.A. matchB. fitC. meetD. catch( ) 22. -Can you tell me how to learn English well?-Do more reading, _youll be good at spoken English.A. thenB. or C. andD. until( ) 23. -I dont like coffee _ tea.-I dont like coffee, _ I like tea very much.A. and; andB. or; andC. or; but D. and; but( ) 24. -When you get to New York, be sure to write us, _ ?-OK!A. will youB. arent youC. dont youD. shall we( ) 25. -Do you know _ Mr Greens address is?-He may live at No.19 or No.20 of Bridge Street, but Im not sure of _.A. what; which B. where; which C. where; what D. what; where6. B 7. D 8. D9. A 10. B11. C12.B 13. C 14. D 15. C16. C 17. C 18. B 19. B 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. C 24. A 25. A14