备战2022英语中考一轮专题复习 非谓语动词【教案】(1).doc

非谓语动词教案 【教学目标】让学生掌握部分动词的非谓语形式(动名词、分词、动词不定式)的用法。【教学重点难点】1.感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；2.动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用3.一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to,但变为被动语态时就要带to；4.有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语,但表达的意思不同。【知识梳理】非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词­ing形式和过去分词，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。考点一 动词不定式形式1不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。(1)作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，Itbe形容词(for sb.)动词不定式。Its important (for us) to protect the environment.(对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。注：当在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。Its very kind of you to help me你帮助我真是太好啦。(2)作表语多数情况下，不定式作表语可转换成作主语。My work is to clean the room every day. 我的工作是每天打扫房间。(3)作宾语一些谓语动词后可以用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗？find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find it easy to read English every day我发现每天读英语很容易。(4)宾语补足语动词不定式作宾补时，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。Lucy asked him to turn down the radio露西要他关小收音机的音量。注：一些感官动词和使役动词要用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：这些动词有一感(feel)，二听(hear, listen to), 三让(let, make, have), 四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。但变被动语态时必须加上to。(5)作定语动词不定式作定语时，应放在所修饰词的后面，它与被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系。I have a lot of homework to do我有许多家庭作业要做。注：如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。(6)作状语不定式作状语往往表示目的、原因、结果和比较。Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter(目的)王太太去上海看她女儿。Were glad to meet you here. (原因)我们很高兴在这儿见到你。He is too tired to work on(结果)他太累了而不能继续工作。2不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。They told us not to play basketball too long.他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球。3不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，可用作主语或宾语。When to go to Shanghai hasnt been decided yet.(作主语)什么时候去上海还没定下来。He didnt know where to go(作宾语)他不知道去哪里。注：“疑问词不定式”作宾语可转换为宾语从句。Can you tell me where to get the book？Can you tell me where I can get the book?你能告诉我哪里能得到这本书吗？4不定式中动词是不及物动词，作定语时不能省去介词。Weihai is a good place to live in威海是一个居住的好地方。考点二 动词­ing形式动词­ing形式由“动词­ing”构成。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语等。1作主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对身体健康有害。2作宾语I dont mind listening to that story again.我不介意再听一遍那个故事。3作表语My mothers job is raising chicken.我母亲的工作是养鸡。4作定语A walking stick is a must for my grandpa now.如今我爷爷行走离不开手杖了。5作宾语补足语Dont keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。介词后接动词­ing形式的动词短语有keep.from，stop.from，make a contribution to，look forward to，spend.(in)，be afraid of，be proud of，be used for，feel like，give up，be interested in，put off等。6其后常接动词­ing形式的动词及动词词组有finish，enjoy，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid，suggest，admit，be worth，have difficulty/problems/trouble/fun，cant help/cant stop，be used to等。其后既可以接动词­ing形式，也可接动词不定式的动词及动词词组有love，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。7当need，require，want作“需要”讲时，后接动词­ing形式主动式等于不定式的被动式。The window needs cleaning.The window needs to be cleaned.那扇窗户需要被清洗。辨析：(1)有些动词或词组后接动词­ing形式或不定式均可，但意义不同。Stop thinking，please.请停止思考。Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来思考一下。Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出)I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出)I forgot to bring my homework我忘记带作业了。(没带作业)I forgot bringing my homework我忘记已把作业带来了。(作业已带来)Please try to do better next time.请下次设法做得更好些。He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。Go on to do the other exercise after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.休息一会儿之后继续做练习。We dont allow smoking here.我们不允许在这儿吸烟。We dont allow students to go out on school days.(2)动词­ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别。常见的动词如see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接动词­ing形式作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束)考点三 过去分词1过去分词的构成过去分词的基本形式是“动词­ed”，但也有不规则的形式。2过去分词的句法功能功能例句定语People shouldnt drink polluted water. 人们不应该喝被污染的水。状语She went out of the classroom, followed by her students. 她走出教室，后面跟着她的学生。表语The boy is too frightened to move. 这个男孩太害怕了以至于不能动了。补足语Hell have his hair cut after school. 放学后他要去理发。3.现在分词与过去分词的区别。(1)在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。the surprising news令人惊讶的消息a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人(2)在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing country 发展中国家the developed country发达国家4易混句式have sb.do sth.，have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done区别。(1)have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。Ill have Andy show you to your room.(2)have sb. doing sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。The man had the boy running all night long.那个人让这个男孩跑了一夜。(3)have sth. done意为“让某人做某事”，即ask sb. else to do sth.。过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成，含有被动意义。My father had his car washed once a week.我父亲每周让人洗一次车。【品味中考】【考例1】Its very nice pictures for me. 天津A. of you to draw B. for you to draw C. for you drawing D. of you drawing答案A 解析考查Its+形容词+of/for sb. +to do sth.句中it为形式主语，to do是真正的主语，当形容词是表示品质意思时，应该用of sb，其他形容词用for sb，故此题答案为A。【考例2】Mr. Wang，I have trouble _the textRemember _it three times at least威海市A. to understand；readingB. understanding；readingC. understanding；to read D. to understand；to read 答案C 解析have trouble doing something意为“做某事有困难”，所以答案在B与C中。remember to do something意为“记得(去)做某事”，remember doing something意为“记得做过某事”，由对话的语境可知，前者正确。 【考例3】How are you feeling here?Its quite hot. I dont know to go or stay. 武汉A. how B. when C. whether D. where答案C 解析考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不知道是走还是留下来。”故选C。【考例4】Many people think its very important us learn English well. A. for, to B. to, to C. with, for 贵阳答案A解析考查“主语+feel/think/ make/ find +it +adj. +for sb. +to do sth.句中it为形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语，”故此题答案为A。【考例5】Drivers are warned _when they are tired.佛山A. to driveB. not driveC. not to drive答案C 考查动词不定式的否定结构。否定形式是在to前面加not。故选C。【考例6】Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer. 长沙A. swim B. to swim C. swimming答案B 解析考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。tell sbto do sth表示告诉某人做某事，tell后边要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not。【考例7】Betty is often seen _the old man with his housework.咸宁A. helpB. to helpC. helpedD. helps答案B。解析考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to，look at，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时，不定式就成了主语补语，作主语补语的不定式必须加to。故选B。【考例8】How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?It makes us _proud.包头A. feel B. to feelC. felt D. feeling答案A。解析 考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to，look at，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。故选A。【考例9】Shopping with me? Sorry. I have a lot of clothes . （南昌） A. to wash B. washedC. wash D. to be washed 答案 A 【考例10】Linda, I am very thirsty. Lets go to the nearest supermarket some drinks, OK? 重庆A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying 答案C【板书设计】【教后反思】