考点08 动词和动词短语-备战2022年中考英语考点一遍过 （原卷版）.doc

考点八 动词和动词短语命题趋势： 动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式，这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战2020年中考时，考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义，多做练习，在实践中加以区分。中考考查重点：1. 动词辨析；2. 动词短语辨析。考向一：动词的分类分类特点例句实义动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。He works hard. 他工作努力。连系动词本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。They look the same. 他们看起来一样。助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。I dont speak English. 我不说英语。情态动词本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。May I come in? 我可以进来吗？考向二：实义动词分类用法例句及物 动词能直接跟宾语She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。【知识拓展】1. 单宾语动词：即只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept接受；discover发现；enjoy享受；forget忘记；borrow借入；buy买；catch抓；invent发明；found建造；like喜欢；find寻找；forget忘记；receive接受；see看见；say说；show展示；make做；tell告诉等。Im sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起，我忘了你的地址。2. 双宾语动词：即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词，如：give给；buy买；pay付款；hand递；read读；return返还；sell卖等。I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。3. 接复合宾语的动词：后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：believe相信；find发现；hear听见，听说；keep保持；make使得；see看见等。They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。4. 接动名词作宾语的动词：如advise建议；consider考虑；finish完成；imagine想象；practise练习；suggest建议等。She practises playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。5. 接不定式作宾语的动词：如agree同意；decide决定，下决心；hope希望；refuse拒绝；manage设法等。Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。不及物动词不能直接跟宾语He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。【知识拓展】常见的不及物动词：ache疼痛；appear出现；arise出现，上升，起立；arrive到达；belong属于；care关心；come来；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，变得微弱；fall落下；flow流动；go去；happen发生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen听；live生活，居住；look看；occur发生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳考向三：连系动词分类常用词例句表示主语的状态、特征和身份等be(是)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，feel(感觉)，appear(出现)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果turn(转变)，become(成为)，get(得到)，grow(增长)，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(来)，prove(证明)Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变keep(保持)，remain(仍旧)，stay(保持)，continue(继续)The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。Keep quiet while youre going around. 参观时要保持安静。【2020 无锡市】 Hmm, something _ so good. Is it a cake? Can I try some? Hand-made cookies. Still warm. Here you go!A. feelsB. looksC. smellsD. tastes考向四：助动词be人称数现在时态过去时态现在分词过去分词第一人称单数amwasbeingbeen复数arewere第二人称单数arewere复数arewere第三人称单数iswas复数arewere【知识拓展】be的用法：be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。1. be+现在分词构成进行时态。My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。2. be+及物动词的过去分词构成被动语态。The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。助动词do形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形dodo notdont第三人称单数doesdoes notdoesnt过去式diddid notdidnt【知识拓展】助动词do的用法：do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。I dont like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。2. do+动词原形构成强调句。I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。助动词have形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形havehave nothavent第三人称单数hashas nothasnt过去式hadhad nothadnt【知识拓展】助动词have的用法：have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。We havent seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了考向五：动词的甚本形式形式规则变化例句一般现在时第三人称单数一般情况在动词后直接加-slooklooks；workworks以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词，后加-escatchcatches；gogoes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-esstudystudies；trytries现在分词一般情况在动词后直接加-ingreadreading；gogoing以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词，直接加-ingsee seeing；toetoeing以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ingloveloving；writewriting以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ingcutcutting；putputting少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie 为y再加-ingdiedying；lielying过去式和过去分词一般情况在动词后直接加-ed askasked；helphelped以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加-dlikeliked；livelived以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-edcrycried；studystudied以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed stopstopped；planplanned考向六：动词短语构成方式常见短语动词+冠词+名词give a concert开音乐会，give a tea进行测试，have a rest休息，have a picnic野餐，have a try试一试，keep a record保持纪录，leave a message留言，make a face做鬼脸，make a living谋生，make a speech进行演讲，pay a bill付账，take a risk冒险动词+名词catch fire着火，keep watch守望/值班，make repairs维修，play sports做运动，take action采取行，take measures采取措施，take place发生/举行动词+名词+介词catch hold of抓住，catch sight of看见，make contributions to对做贡献，make room for给腾地方，make use of利用，pay attention to注意，take advantage of利用，make contact with和接触/联系，take pride in以为豪动词+介词+名词come into use开始使用，get into trouble陷入麻烦，play with fire玩火/冒险，wait in line排队等候 动词+宾语+介词+名词bring. to mind使想起，put. into use应用，put. into practice实行/实施，take. for example以为例动词+副词+介词add up to合计达，break away from脱离，come up with想出/提出，catch up with赶上，追上，go ahead with开始，着手，go in for参加/追求，go along with一起去，hold on to坚持，keep away from远离，look down upon瞧不起/轻视，put up with忍受/容忍，run out of用完【2020 河北省】Some volunteers are going to the central park. Let's join them.A. put upB. clean upC. look upD. give up1.【2020 辽宁丹东】How's it going, Tina?Great. My company has _ me a good job.A. offeredB. providedC. introducedD. discovered2.【2020 铁岭葫芦岛】Parents always _ us not to swim in the river in summer.A. promiseB. trainC. warnD. show3.【2020 江西省】The performer _ because there was too much noise coming from the crowd.A. continuedB. relaxedC. stoppedD. won4. 【2020 东营市】5G, as a new global network （全球网络） after 3G and 4G, will certainly _ our life in many ways.A. copyB. breakC. changeD. control5.【2020 山东日照】It's good for us to _ a good habit of reading.A. developB. chooseC. acceptD. pick6. 【2020 昆明市】As common people, the medical workers choose to stand out and _others without thinking twice. They are the most beautiful angels.A. protectB. protectingC. admireD. admiring7. 【2020 天津市】I was busy this morning and didnt have time to _ my email.AwasteBpunishCbelieveDcheck8. 【2020 新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】 Look, Cindy. The flowers in our classroom come out in one night. That's fantastic! They are beautiful and colorful. They_ nice.A. smellsB. smellC. soundsD. sound9. 【2020 温州】Jim is going to join the Art Club because he likes_.A. cookingB. drawingC. runningD. reading10. 【2020 南通市】The children are jumping excitedly because they have _ the design perfectly in groups.A. completedB. controlledC. contactedD. caused11. 【2020 贵州铜仁市】Fangfang, shall we go to see a film on Saturday? Sorry. Ill have to_my younger brother because my mother is out.A. look atB. look forC. look upD. look after12. 【2020 黑龙江省龙东地区】Kate, don't forget to _ the light when you leave the room. OK, mom.A. cut offB. put offC. turn off13. 【2020 江苏省苏州市】Tony, come over. What do the letters “KIT” mean in the text message?Dont you know that, Amy? They _ “keep in touch”.A. search forB. ask forC. go forD. stand for14. 【2020 山东滨州市】Tom, it smells so terrible here. Sorry, mum. I will _my socks and wash them right away.A. put offB. take offC. turn offD. cut off15. 【2020 江苏泰州市】Song of Autumn by Liu Yuxi describes autumn in a different way.I agree. Most poets (诗人) describe this season to _ a feeling of sadness, but in Lius eyes autumn is full of life and hope.A. excuseB. expressC. expectD. explain16. 【2020 江苏泰州市】More and more teenagers have poor eyesight, so parents and teachers should take actions _ the situation from getting worse.A. stopB. stoppingC. stoppedD. to stop17. 【2020 徐州市】If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to _ on the sea?A. floatB. flyC. fallD. flow18. 【2020 无锡市】Weve discussed this many times. No jeans to the party!Very well then, if you _. But wheres my suit?A. suggestB. imagineC. agreeD. insist19. 【2020 黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】These problems are too hard to _. Will you give me some advice?A. look outB. work outC. hand out20. 【2020 江苏省淮安市】My brother often _ his spare time to help me with my spoken English.A. puts upB. gives upC. opens upD. tidies up1.【2020 安徽省合肥市九年级模拟考试（二）】They will start the project to help kids in poor areas to _ education next month.A. believeB. attendC. receiveD. accept2.【2020 安徽省合肥市瑶海区九年级二模】How do you and Joe _?Were great friends.A. come alongB. get onC. give upD. set off3.【2020 福建省龙岩市九年级学业（升学）质量检查英语试题】Lucy，which dress do you prefer？The pink one. It very smooth and soft.A. soundsB. smellsC. feels4.【2020 江苏省南京市建邺区二模】Since you have finished your post, please _the paints in the box.A. put awayB. put upC. put inD. put off5.【2020 天津市和平区二模】The headmaster _ him with a gold medal after he won the race.A. keptB. disappearedC. presentedD. encouraged6. 【2020 重庆市永川九年级质量检测一诊】More and more people come to visit Hongyadong.Thats true. It has become the_ of Chongqing.A. effortB. prideC. praiseD. courage7. 【2020 浙江省温州市六校九年级下学期返校测试题】Are you going to climb the mountains this Saturday?Yes. But if it _, I _ at home.A. will rain; will stayB. rains; stayC. will rain; stayD. rains; will stay8.【2020 天津市红桥区中考三模】If you want to buy this T-shirt, Youd better _first to make sure it fits you.A. pay for itB. take it offC. tidy it upD. try it on9.【2020 江苏省扬州市江都区中考一模】It was a bit doubtful at first, but it _ to be a really good idea.A. turned upB. turned downC. turned outD. turned in10.【2020 江苏省徐州市铜山区、睢宁县、邳州市等六区县（市）中考二模】 My parents often tell me to_ when I meet difficulties.A. come downB. slow downC. calm downD. get down