考点26 完形填空之说明文-备战2022年中考英语考点一遍过 （原卷版）.doc

考点26 完形填空之说明文一、命题特点分析：1. 开头点题。说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。2. 结构清晰。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。3. 难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。4. 说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。5. 说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。二、解题方法：1. 快速弄清文章大意。对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。4. 注重上下文语境应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服思维定势，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。（2）语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。（一） A picture is worth a thousand words, but it cant always tell _21_whole story. The sailor in the famous photo V-J Day in Times Square, George Mendonsa, died last month at age 95. _22_Aug 14, 1945, when World War II ended, American photojournalist Alfred took his camera to the_23_of New York. In Times Square, people were celebrating the victory everywhere.“I saw a sailor_24_along the street grabbing（抓住）any and every girl in sight. Whether she was a grandmother, strong, thin, old, didnt make a difference,” Alfred said.He then took the photo, which later became one of the most_25_photos in history. But Alfred forgot to ask for the pairs_26_!Since then, many people have said to be the people in the photo. One book, The Kissing Sailor, writes every thing about the _27_.The authors also_28_people in the background of the photo. They said that Greta Zimmer Friedman, a dentists assistant, was the woman pictured.Friedman,_29_died in 2016, said she didnt mind the kiss, _30_ it was quite sudden. “It was just somebody really celebrating it wasnt a romantic event. It was justthank God the war is over.”21. A. aB. theC. anD. /22. A. InB. OfC. AtD. On23. A. hospitalsB. cinemasC. streetsD. cafes24. A. cyclingB. goingC. comingD. running25. A. importantB. famousC. interestingD. disappointed26. A. jobsB. namesC. numbersD. interests27. A. sailorB. womanC. photoD. story28. A. talked withB. listened toC. spoke upD. said to29. A. whomB. whatC. whoD. which30. A. ifB. soC. althoughD. but（二）Dr. Zhong Nanshan was born in October 1936 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He is one of the most famous medical _1_ in the 21st century. He studied in Guangdong High school in 1953 and graduated _2_ Beijing Medical College in 1960. In the first Chinese National Games, Zhong _3_ the first place in men's 400-meter Hurdles(跨栏)and set up a new national record at time. In the spring of 2003, SARS broke out in China and all over the world, _4_it is dangerous and hard, Zhong not only led but also took active part in the battle _5_ SARS. People at that time knew _6_ about SARS, Zhong and his team worked day and night treating patients. Through their hard work for several _7_, they made remarkable results and SARS was stopped _8_. Zhong _9_as one of the top ten people moving China in 2004. He has been working in the medical field for over 60 years. And now he is still working in Wuhan along with many young doctors. He _10_ most of his time on the medical research and treating patients. He is a good doctor in countrymen eyes and respected by all the people in China.1. A. scientistsB. engineersC. officers2. A. ofB. inC. from3. A. beatB. wonC. lost4. A. UnlessB. ButC. Although5. A. againstB. withC. about6. A. fewB. littleC. much7. A. daysB. yearsC. months8. A. in the endB. by the endC. at the end9. A. consideredB. is consideredC. was considered10. A. paysB. spendsC. takes（三）When you were young, who flew kites with you in the park? Who taught you how _1_ football? Who helped you work out _2_ first difficult math problem? Who told you the difference between right and wrong? Your dad. Now its your turn to do something for him. This Sunday, June 18, is Fathers Day. So why not do something to thank your dad?This idea of Fathers Day _3_ from an American lady called Sonora Dodd _4_ 1909. She wanted a special day to honor her father. He raised six children by himself after his wife _5_ during the birth of their sixth child. Sonora thought there needed to be a day to honour great and loving dads. Her father _6_ born on June 19. So she chose to hold the first Fathers Day celebration on his birthday in 1910. In 1924, the US president Calvin Coolidge liked the idea of a national Fathers Day. Finally, in 1966, the third Sunday in June _7_ Fathers Day.There are many ways to show your love and thanks to your father, such as sending him a greeting card. Usually fathers prefer cards _8_ are not too emotional. So maybe you can choose one that will make him laugh happily. A small present, such as a photo of your family, can make him feel _9_ . Send him flowersthe red rose is the official Fathers Day flower. If he has _10_ iPad, cover it with words like “I love you, Dad!”1. A. to playB. playC. playedD. playing2. A. youB. yourC. yoursD. yourself3. A. have comeB. cameC. comeD. will come4. A. fromB. atC. onD. in5. A. dieB. diedC. deadD. death6. A. areB. isC. wasD. were7. A. makeB. was madeC. is madeD. was making8. A. thatB. whomC. whatD. who9. A. goodB. wellC. betterD. best10. A. aB. anC. theD. /（四）You must know Singles Day（Nov 11）in China. Many people, probably（可能）even your parents, stay _11_ late that night. They go shopping online _12_ big savings （省钱）. Well, the US has something like it _13_ Black Friday.Black Friday is the _14_after Thanksgiving. It fell on Nov 29 this year. It is one of the biggest shopping _15_ in the US. People want to start shopping for Christmas gifts, so they go shopping on this day to _16_ money.Its called Black Friday _17_ shops used to record（记录）sales with black ink（墨水）. So when there was a lot of black ink on a page, it meant the shop sold a lot.Shopping on Black Friday _18_ place at actual（实体的）stores. It is _19_ from Singles Day. People stand in line for hours. Sometimes they fight over things because there are only a few left. Televisions, computers and video game systems（电子游戏系统）are some of peoples favorite things to _20_ .11. A. upB. onC. inD. for12. A. getB. getsC. gotD. to get13. A. callB. callsC. calledD. calling14. A. SaturdayB. FridayC. ThursdayD. Wednesday15. A. dayB. daysC. weekD. week16. A. saveB. makeC. countD. return17. A. soB. butC. becauseD. and18. A. takeB. takesC. tookD. taking19. A. differenceB. differentC. sameD. the same20. A. buyB. buyingC. seeD. seeing（五）Everyone needs friends. There is an old saying, “Friends are Gods way of _36_care of us.” But how do you find real friendship and keep it? I think finding friendship is just like planting a tree. You plant the seed and look after it to _37_it grow. First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend? A good friend doesnt need to have much money or good looks, but he should be _38_ and helpful. For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should come to stay with you and make you _39_. But things can not always be so pleasant. Even the best friends can have _40_. What should you do when you have fights with your friends? You may talk to them or just write a letter to say _41_ to them. Let me tell you three ways to be friends again. First, let him or her know _42_you are feeling. Then you can tell your friend he or she is wrong. Third, tell him or her the _43_ why you did this or that. If you dont have a friend before, you had better think of having_44_ . As you know, friendship is the most_45_ thing in your life and life will be greater if you have friends.36. A. takeB. tookC. takenD. taking37. A. bringB. takeC. makeD. do38. A. cleverB. kindC. smartD. strong39. A. happyB. unhappyC. sadD. bad40. A. needsB. questionsC. problemsD. plans41. A. sorryB. helloC. thanksD. goodbye42. A. whatB. howC. whyD. that43. A. factB. questionC. wayD. reason44. A. theseB. oneC. thisD. that45. A. boringB. seriousC. funnyD. necessary（一）【2020四川省乐山市中考】Do you like exercising in the sun? How much sunlight do you get every day? How much time do you spend in the _16_ ? As we all know，enough sunlight is good for our health. It gives us strong bones（骨骼）and good eyesight. It makes us happy and sleep better. Now scientists find out that it can even make you _17_ .Scientists did tests on mice. They give mice lots of sunlight. After that，the mice _18_ a special thing named glutamic acid（谷氨酸）in their bodies. Glutamic acid does many things for our body. It can improve some of our abilities such as learning and remembering things.It is OK to enjoy some sunlight for about an hour every day. But you should be _19_ because it is summer now. The sun is very strong around noon. Keep yourself away from the sun around the noon, or it may _20_ your skin（皮肤）. It is best to enjoy sunlight in the morning or before sunset.Why not go out and enjoy the _21_ with your family or your best friends? I'm sure you can be smarter soon.16. A. moonB. sunC. night17. A. smarterB. tallerC. thinner18. A. inventB. findC. produce19. A. carefulB. seriousC. clever20. A. shineB. burnC. dry21. A. timeB. airC. sunlight（二）【2020 四川省成都市中考】Now people can pay by scanning(扫描）their faces while shopping. Is it _16_ to pay by scanning other parts of our bodies? Amazon has a new technology that scans _17_. The technology can tell if the person is the right one by scanning his or her hand. The scanner examines things such as finger prints. It then sends a picture to a certain center which can decide who the person is. In September 2019, Amazon made a payment system for a US supermarket. People can pay _18_ by scanning their hands under a machine. Their hand scan is connected to their bank cards, so they can pay successfully. It's quite convenient, especially for _19_ people. With this new technology, people _20_take their cards with them. They just scan their hands.16. A. possibleB. importantC. strange17. A. eyesB. facesC. hands18. A. usuallyB. simplyC. really19. A. oldB. poorC. smart20. A. mustn'tB. can'tC. needn't（三）【2020 云南昆明中考】Do you know what "paying it forward" means? Its not paying for something before you buy it. "Paying it forward "is to do something nice for another person for no 36 . Then that person does something nice for someone else. You may think this doesnt seem like much. But this nice act can spread quite 37. One day in December 2015, a woman was buying a meal at McDonalds in Florida, US. She also 38 a meal for the person standing in line behind her. That person did the same thing, and the next person did it, 39. Soon, 250 people had done another person the act of 40!But you 41 spend money to pay for it forward. There are examples of paying it forward every day like volunteering, giving food to 42 or doing something nice for someone around you.Try it out for 43. All you have to do is to look for 44 things that you could do to make someone happy. Then, ask them to spread the word and do three kind things for someone else. And when someone does something nice for you, dont 45 to do the same!36. A space B. action C. reason37. A. fast B. slowly C. hardly38. A. madeB boughtC. sold39. A. tooB. eitherC. also40.A madness B. politenessC. kindness41.A. would like toB are supposed to C. dont need to42. the rich B. the homeless C. the missing43. A myselfB. yourselfC. itself44.A.small B. awfulC. strange45. agree B. forget C. decide（四）【2020·内蒙古通辽中考】“Were going to cut science class today. I know you want to come with us. Lets go!” Maybe youve 26 one of the popular kids at school say something like this. So what do you do? Do you just give in and do what the other kids 27 , or do you go to class no matter what they say?Situations like this often come up. And it is not easy to make your own 28 when your friends want to do something youre not quite sure about. Sometimes, you feel you should do something because everyone else is doing it, and it is 29 to go against the majority. This is called “peer(同龄人) pressure” because peers are pressuring you to do what they want.Some people give in to peer pressure because they want to be more popular. Some worry that others will make fun of them 30 they dont go along with the group. The 31 that “everyone is doing it” makes them follow the crowd. Sometimes peer pressure can be 32 if your peers encourage you to be a better person. But most peer pressure pushes you to do something you dont really want to do. And it affects almost everyone without exception. So what can you do to 33 it?First of all, you should follow your own feelings and beliefs and be self-confident. When you are self-confident, you can say “no” to the people 34 to pressure you. It also helps to have a good friend who respects your beliefs. That way you wont be 35 when you stand up to peer pressure.26. A. made B. helped C. felt D. heard27. A. complete B. control C. suggest D. avoid28. A. friends B. rules C. search D. decision29. A. slow B. hard C. clear D. useful30. A. unless B. until C. if D. although31. A. doubt B. idea C. hope D. promise32. A. good B. common C. serious D. strong33. A. free B. show C. deal with D. talk about34. A. failing B. trying C. learning D. refusing35. A. alone B. lucky C. quiet D. popular（五）【2020 上海中考】How to Succeed in High SchoolYou have been familiar with the learning environment in your middle school , and it feels like home. So it is not always easy to say “ 75 ” to middle school. After entering high school, you may face some new challenges. The schoolwork may become more difficult and require greater skills. Most students need support. Teachers and parents may give you a hand. However, you cant 76 others all the time. What can you do? Here are some suggesti