考点39 短文填空之首字母填空-备战2022年中考英语考点一遍过 （原卷版）.doc

考点39 短文填空之首字母填空首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。二、满分技巧1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。AFights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Heres something you can do.Be c_56_. Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry doesnt do any good. Neither can a fight. I_57_, it may bring you more problems. In the school, everyone involved in a fight will be punished, no matter who started it. There are no w_58_ in a fight.Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to a_59_, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say “stop” before walking away. Loud v_60_ can usually make the attacker stop. If the person doesnt stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby.Learn to r_61_. Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. If you really want to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him if he gets involved in a fight, he may get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a r_62_ way to deal with the problem.BThe Best Language for Learning MathWhat is the best language for learning math? Hint (提示)：You are not reading it.Chinese, Japanese and Korean all have simpler number words. They express math concepts (概念）more c_81_than English. The language gap has drawn lots of attention. Several recent studies have l_82_ weaker math abilities in English-speaking children to English number words.Chinese, for example, has just ten basic number words. English, however, has more than two dozen (一打). The trouble starts at “e_83_” English has a word for that number. Chinese, Japanese and Korean have words that can be translated as "ten-one” spoken with the "ten” first. That makes it easier for children to understand the place value. Students can easily see that the number system is based on units of 10.English number words over 10 dont make the place value clear. Words for numbers 13 to 19 change the order of the ones (个位）and tens. Children are more 1_84_ to confuse 17 with 71.Therefore, children working with English number words have a harder time doing complex (复杂） calculations. They make more m _85_.It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten” method. When they a_86_ two numbers, Chinese students often break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For example, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. This method greatly helps students work out math problems. Many teachers in America are teaching their students the “make-a-ten” method. However，they are having a hard time because of the confusing English number words.Now, you should feel 1_87_that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother language, all the math problems have become less difficult and less confusing.CWe may think today that Donald Trump invented the term, but “fake news” has been around for a while. In the early 19th century, small regional and local papers made their product known and i_56_ their sales with a lot of made-up news articles. The Central Park Zoo Escape, reported on November 9, 1874, is one such event.The front page of the New York Herald that day reported that v_57_ animals had escaped from the Central Park Zoo. A rhino had fallen into a sewer（下水道） and a lion had been seen walking slowly through a church. The article said that, while the police and National Guard were doing what they could, twenty-seven people had already died and many others had been injured. Readers were scared and armed men were seen in the streets, preparing to p_58_ their loved ones and property by battling the wild animals of the zoo. In their upset, they clearly hadnt read to the end of the article: the l_59_ line stated that the whole story given above is a pure lie!But why was it done? The article was the creation of a reporter named Joseph Clarke. Working alongside his editor, Clarke wanted to highlight the dangerous conditions at the zoo by showing the readers what could happen, not what a_60_ had. They had no idea of the fear it would cause. The paper never apologized for the upset to New Yorkers. I_61_, they ran a short statement requesting that safety conditions at the zoo should be improved.The l_62_ to learn? Always read right to the end!The whole story given above is not a pure lie!DRoy is a middle-aged man who lives happily with his family in a big house. He is a successful craftsman now. But his life is not a_56_ so great. He had a learning disability from an early age. He went to a school for children like him and he got plenty of extra help in this school. He still suffered(受苦) the rest of his school days in public schools.His life improved so much when he discovered art. The art world gave him a chance to express himself w_57_ words. He went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay. Then he learned an important lesson: Though he was disabled in language, he could still be s_58_ and successfully express himself with clay. He got his n_59_ lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but he was scared from the start. He soon found it wasnt a talent thing; it was just p_60_. So he did it more. After about five years of climbing, he found himself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. He learned that if a person fell in love with something and did it all the time, he would get better at it. And his confidence came along with it.Later he found his e_61_ really helpful when learning how to read and write. Every day he spent many hours reading and writing, which he used to a_62_ as much as possible. After two hard years, he could read and write as well as others.He has gone through the long process with art, rock climbing, reading and writing. Now he has got to a point in his life where he knows he is also able to dive into an area that is totally hard, unknown, but interesting.EMom and Dad live in Calverton. On June 28, my parents celebrated 70 years of marriage.They have been through years of hard work and good times, a_51_ supporting each other.As a child I remember my parents working side by side for spring, fall, winter, and summer cleaning or working in the yard, or painting and wallpapering.My parents bought a h_52_ in Elmont. They never believed they'd be able to own their own home, and to them, it was their castle. They worked hard to decorate it and kept i_53_ looking beautiful. They taught us to work hard and to appreciate everything we had.Mom likes everythingsightseeing, clubs, shopping, anything. Dad, even today, can't u_54_ why she always wants to go out!Mom is really active with the Red Hatters women's group and her gardening club. Dad spoils (宠坏) her by taking care of the house.The key to their s_55_ marriage is that they respect each other.My brother, who is 67, and I (now 69), have always known we are lucky to have such great parents. They have shown us what love is, what hard work is, and what respect is all about.My daughter and I try to see them almost every weekend w_56_ we play cards together and catch upon the week's news.My parents are the glue that holds our whole family t_57_ , making holidays and ordinary days special to us all.I know we are lucky to have them both, even save all of their voice-mail messages, just so I'll have their voice to h_58_ when they are not here. But Mom keeps t_59_ us all that she's definitely (绝对地) going to live to be 100. So we will have a f_60_ more holidays, birthdays, and memories to experience.A（2020 泰州市）根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。Sometimes we fall in love with something at once and sometimes it takes long. The same is true with poems. If we were lucky e_71_, we open a book and find a poem that attracts us at once. But usually we need to spend a little t_72_ or make a little effort to truly understand a poem. Today Id like to talk about reading poems in ways that make the experience better.Reading a poem repeatedly will deepen your understanding of it. Sometimes a poem that seems b_73_ on first reading becomes interesting with more reading. A poem that feels meaningless becomes deeper and more meaningful. And sometimes youre just not in the right mood the first time you read a poem, but l_74_ it touches your heart.Keep a d_75_ at hand when you are reading poems. Poets like to use unusual words. Instead of skipping over (跳过) these words or trying to g_76_ their meanings, look them up.Read aloud and listen to the poem. Reading aloud will make the poems rhythm clear. Besides, a poets reading is very helpful b_77_ we can understand the poems meanings from where the poet places emphasis (强调) or pauses (停顿).After you finish reading a poem, take a few moments to consider w_78_it is saying. Sometimes its meanings are better understood t_79_ repeated reading. Other times they need our careful and deep thought on a poem.It is h_80_ to say whether theres a right or wrong way to read poems, but reading practices will enrich your experience, increase your enjoyment, and deepen your understanding of any poem.B（2020 徐州市）A）根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begun. Everyone was silent, waiting to see w_61_ would be called to read his or her article aloud. Some of us were confident and couldnt wait to take p_62_ in the class activity; others were nervous. I had done my homework, but I was shy I was a_63_ to speak in front of a large group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father o_64_ said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that i_65_ learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.” Immediately, I raised my hand.C（2020 盐城市）（三）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。Dear PeterI'm so excited. Guess whatit's my Dad's 40th b_71_ next week, so were going to London to celebrate it! Cool, uh?We're flying over on Thursday evening. As soon as we a_72_, well go on a tour of the city. We'll take a trip on the River Thames, which divides the city into two parts. This way, we can see almost every place of i_73_in London.On F_74_morning, were going to the Tate Modern. Since it's not f_75_from our hotel, were going to the London Eye. I cant w_76_to see the Houses of Parliament from up there!Saturday is for s_77_. Mum advises me to buy a teddy bear for my cousin as a p_78_. Were going to Portobello Road in the morning. Then in the afternoon, we'll visit Harrodsthe most famous shop in London! Dads not very happy about it, but I'm sure he'll e_79_it when we're there.On Sunday morning, were going to Hyde Park, and were going home by p_80_in the afternoon.It's my dream tripand it's happening!Hope everythings OK with you.Lots of loveCynthiaD（2020 扬州市）根据短文内容和首字母提示, 在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上, 完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born. We w _66_ whether we should move back to our home country Brazil. I remember looking down at our newborn baby and thinking about how different his life would be there. During the ten years away from my big family and my culture, I missed the delicious foods, samba, Brazilian jujitsu(柔术), and sunny skies. My wife m_67_ our homeland too. As a musician, it would be e_68_ for her to do her work in Brazil. But in the United Kingdom, I had the funding and lab resources for my research. Would such a move be a disadvantage to my career?A few weeks later, my brother called from Brazil, telling me that our father had passed away. The great happiness I felt about my sons birth suddenly gave way to deep s_69_. We had no doubt it was the right time to r _70_ to Brazil. We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown and b_71_ received offers. H _72_, it wasnt easy getting started with my research in Brazil. I didnt receive any start-up funding for my lab. Now, thanks to Brazilian funding, I have a team of bright young scientists and can a_73_ expensive lab resources. We are living the lives we wanted to live-working on rewarding research and feeling closer to our family and c _74_in our home country. My son is growing up close to his cousins. I take up Brazilian jujitsu training, which I havent been able to do during my years a_75_. My wife and I feel happy to find a way home.E（2020 镇江市）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。A man had a garden. He planted a rose and watered it c_46_. Before the rose blossomed(盛开), he noticed many thorns(刺) around the bud(花蕾) and he thought, “H_47_ can any beautiful flower come from a plant with so many sharp thorns?” Because of this i_48_, he lost interest in this kind of plant, then he gave up watering the rose. And just b_49_ it was ready to blossom, it died.Good qualities are just like roses. There is a rose in e_50_ spirit. The good qualities planted in us at birth, grow among the thorns our weaknesses. Many of us look at o_51_ and we only see our weaknesses. We lose heart, thinking that n_52_ good can possibly come from us. We give up watering the roses in us, and slowly they die. We never realize the g_53_ of being able to find out our good qualities.Someone may not see the rose in himself, so we need to help him d_54_ the rose. With love, we can accept a person into our life, even though we know his true weaknesses. At the same time, we should e_55_ him to face his weaknesses bravely and correct them. Then he will blossom many times.F（2020 上海市）"Meatballs again？I hate meatballs!" Henry cried loudly "I'm not eating this!" Henry's mum and dad looked at each otherThis was the second time this week that Henry had c81 about his dinner"We're going to let you take over dinnertimeYou can pick the food and cook your meals，'Mum said"GoodWe're going to eat good food every night!" Henry answeredThe next day，Henry sat down to write the meal p82"We're going to h