05-题型解题技巧解密(二) -备战2022年中考英语考前名师绝招.docx
05-题型解题技巧解密(二) -2020年中考英语考前名师绝招短文填空题型解题技巧解密短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一,它的分值是15分,分为10个小题,每小题1.5分,占整份英语试题分值的12.5%(15/120)。短文填空一般在一篇200250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空(一般一行或一句一个空,首句不设空),要求学生通读短文,并根据上下文来补全短文,每空只能填一个单词(不能填数字)。主要考九大词类(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词)。该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力,看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流,从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识,又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目,我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词,300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法,也包括各种词的词形变化。此处重点介绍在短文填空中常考的名词和动词的词形变化。解题步骤1.略读全文,掌握大意。短文填空与完形填空一样,属于障碍性阅读,但它的难度比完形填空还要高,因为完形填空有四个备选答案,而短文填空没有提供备选答案,要求考生既能想得到答案,还要写得对单词。所以在解题时,先略读全文,对全文有个大概了解。2.运用所学知识和技巧,逐项填空,先易后难。在读完一遍之后,对短文内容有大概了解。然后运用所学的知识与技巧,根据文章的大意,逐个填空。易的先填,难的做标记后填。绝对不能留空。3.核对答案。全部题目完成后,再复读一遍,核查答案。(1)检查答案注意动词的时态、语态。(2)检查名词要注意单复数。(3)检查形容词和副词的三个级别。(4)检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。(5)检查上下文的连贯性,以及所填词是否符合逻辑。解题方法与技巧寻“宝”推理法与完形填空的寻“宝”推理法一样,就是在从上下文中找到相关的“宝”(信息点),通过逻辑推理,从而填出与原句意思相符单词的方法。如:【典例】 It was a fine day last Sunday. John went to Tianlong supermarket to do some (1) alone. Because it was a little far away from his home, he (2) his car there. Soon he got there and found room for his car. He parked his car and went into the (3) to buy the things he needed. Twenty minutes later, he finished shopping. He was very happy he could (4) shopping in less than half an hour. At last he took the things slowly back to the car park. What a good day he had!【分析】:(1)A. 上下寻宝:从下文(倒数第二行)可寻到“宝”:“he could finish shopping in less.”。B 判定答案:把“宝”代入句子中,意思完整,故确定答案填shopping。C 检查复核:shopping此处是不可数名词,不用+s。(2)A. 上下寻宝:从下文(本空的后一句)可寻到“宝”:“Soon he got for his car”。B. 判定答案:经过逻辑推理,只有开车去超市,才要找停车位,故确定答案填drive。C. 检查复核:drive是动词。上半句动词用was为过去时,所以本空也要用过去时“drove”。(3)A. 上下寻宝:从上文(第一行第二句)可寻到“宝”:“Tianlong supermarket”。B. 判定答案:把“宝”代入句子中,意思完整,故确定答案填supermarket。C. 检查复核:supermarket此处是可数名词,但此处没有复数的概念,不用+s。搭配法根据短语,句型以及习惯用语的常用搭配来填词的方法。如:【典例】 With the environment becoming worse and worse, more and more people realize the importance of protecting the environment. But there are still some people paying less (1) to it. They are still doing something harmful to the environment.Last Sunday I went to the Plant Garden to enjoy (2) . When I stepped into the gate of the garden, I felt comfortable at first because I could breathe the fresh air and enjoy the beautiful flowers and trees.But to my (3) , I saw a man lying in a sleep net hanging (4) two trees. I thought this kind of behavior would hurt the trees. How could he make money by hurting the trees like this? Without trees, how could we get the fresh air? I dont know how to express my anger. I think (5) is our duty to protect the environment. So something must be done to stop this kind of behavior.【分析】:(1)A. 寻找搭配:从空格前后我们可寻到短语搭配:“pay attention to”。B. 判定答案:由搭配可知,此处填attention一词。C. 检查复核:attention代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑,且attention是不可数名词,不用+s。(2)A. 寻找搭配:从空格前我们可寻到短语搭配:“enjoy oneself”。B. 判定答案:由搭配可知,此处缺了oneself一词。前面是I,所以此处填myself。C. 检查复核:myself代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑,且myself没有词形变化。前后关系判断法根据所填空的前后部分之间的关系来填词的方法。【典例】:At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. We call the day “Volunteer Day”. On that day, we often go to the old peoples home (1)help them do the housework. The old people were very happy(2)every year we organize this kind of activities several times.(3) we dont do much for them, they were thankful to us. They were lonely, they needed people to visit them often and chatted with them. (4)every one can do something for the lonely old people, they will be happier.【分析】:(1)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we often go to the old peoples home”。第二部分 “help them do the housework”.B. 根据两部分之间关系,判定答案: 两部分之间是并列关系,要填and;或者第二部分 “help them do the housework”是“we often go to the old peoples home”的目的。要填to。C. 检查复核:and或to代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填and 或to。(2)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“the old peoplewere very happy”。第二部分 “every year we organize this kind of activities several times”.根据两部分之间关系,判定答案:老人们很高兴是因为每年我们有好几次组织这样的活动。所以两部分之间是因果关系,此处要填表原因的词because。C. 检查复核:because代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填because。(3)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we dont domuch for them”。第二部分 “they were thankful to us”.B. 根据两部分之间关系,判定答案:虽然我们为他们做的不多,但是他们对我们很感激。两部分之间是转折关系,故要填Though. C. 检查复核:Though代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填Though。(4)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“every one cando something for the lonely old people”。第二部分 “they will be happier”.B. 根据两部分之间关系,判定答案: 如果每个人都能为孤单老人做些事情,他们就会更高兴。所以两部分之间是条件关系,要填If。C. 检查复核:If代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填If。Z强化练习2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)阅读短文,根据首字母或所给词的适当形式填空,使短文语意通顺。(每小题1分,共10分)We cant remember (61) _ (clear) since when we started to take our mobile phones to a dinner table. This happens a lot, especially when we eat out. Once (62) d_ come, we take out our mobile phones and take photos (63) i_ of lifting our chopsticks. Later, we post the photos onto Webo or Wechat, (64) _ (wait) to be “liked”. Then we checked our mobile phones from time to time during the meal, to see (65) w_ we get “liked” or not. We just cannot leave our mobile phones for simply a meal.Does that sound familiar to you? Do you do that often? If not, how do you feel when others do that when having dinner with you?A recent study (66) _ (suggest) that what we are used to doing is not that good. Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant. So, (67) w _ not stop taking photos and just enjoy the food ahead of you?Besides the (68) _ (science) result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. After posting the photos onto the Internet, one will be unable to control himself and check his mobile phone many times. “Does everyone accept my photos? I hope a lot of people like them!” It seems like your mobile phone secretly class your name all the time, even when you are (69) w_ real people.So, next time you go out to have dinner, how about not taking photos of food? Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life with others. Trust me, and it will be a (70) _ (wonder) time.【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文中例举了当前的一种普遍现象,人们在餐桌旁不是马上就餐,不是和朋友聊聊天,而是首先拿起手机拍照发微博或微信,然后做起了“低头党”,作者认为这样严重影响就餐并建议就餐时停止拍照玩手机,而是单纯的享受美食。61. 【答案】clearly remember为行为动词,后用副词修饰,故把形容词clear改为副词clearly。62. 【答案】dishes 由句意,一旦菜上上来了,人们开始取出手机拍照,故填dishes。63. 【答案】instead instead of意为“代替;而不是”,即人们开始取出手机拍照而不是拿起筷子。64. 【答案】waiting 由上下文,发完微博或微信后,等着被“点赞”,等待的动作之伴随而进行的,故填现在分词。65. 【答案】whether 由句末or not可知此处应该填whether, 意为“去看是否被点赞”.66. 【答案】suggests A recent study为单数,故动词suggest用三单式。67. 【答案】why Why not+动词原形?意为“为什么不.?” 常用于提建议。68.【答案】 scientific 此处需用形容词修饰名词result,故把名词science改为形容词scientific。69.【答案】 with be with意为“和.在一起”。70.【答案】 wonderful / more wonderful 由句意:相信我,那将是一段难忘(更难忘)的时光。补全对话题型解题技巧解密新课标针对情景交际模块要求掌握以下几种设题题型:1. 选择填空型补全对话2. 完形填空型补全对话3. 排列顺序型补全对话4. 对话配对型补全对话5. 选择句子型补全对话中考命题导向1. 试题特点:情景对话的语言具有句子的简短,常用省略并且表达方式灵活等特点.同样一句话,因使用的场合,时间,身份不同而有不同的含义和表达方式.2. 试题热点:做这类试题,要求同学们按照所给的情景选择最佳问句或答句,完成题目.要做好这类题目,关键是平时要养成英语思维的良好习惯,努力提高口语水平,熟练掌握日常会话项目中常用的问答语.3. 试题走向:日常交际用语的这类题目已改变了以往只考一些约定俗成的交际用语的习惯,而是注重在情境中理解题目. Z应试策略点拨1. 要根据不同的情景,使用不同的表达法2. 要正确判断出对话的情景3. 问话或答语不能离题4. 用筛选法选择正确的对话5. 从语意进行判断6. 根据习惯用法进行选择7. 答语要符合西方人的文化,风俗和习惯8. 要使用文明礼貌的语言9. 要遵照口语交际的特点,不要死套语法规则要做好情景交际题,应把握以下几点:1. 通读全文,把握主题通读全文对话和选项,把握对话主题或谈话的主要内容.除了弄清楚谈话双方是什么身份,地位,在什么地方以及用何种方式交谈之外,更重要的是要弄清谈话双方是要谈什么,即谈话的中心,谈话双方总是围绕谈话中心来进行对话,所以抓住谈话中心是解题的关键.2. 注意上下句的有机结合和连贯性双方对话的过程就是双方思想交流的过程,一问一答,一来一往.要做到所答即所问,对问句做出相应的回答.在对答过程中,选择适当的词或句子填入空白处,使整个对话流畅.3. 了解中西文化差异中西文化差异在不同的社会交往中,常导致许多实际困难,甚至产生误会,因此,在平时的学习过程中,应特别注意积累和归纳这方面的知识,增加说英语国家的背景知识,以此逐步提高文化差异方面的敏感性,增强应试能力.4. 复读全文对话及选项,验证答案完成答题以后,还要把整个填好的对话重读一遍,看看主题思想是否明确,前后句子逻辑是否吻合,对话发展过程是否合理,以便查出错误,及时改正.初中英语26种情景下的交际用语01问候(1) Hello!/Hi!你好!(2) Good morning/afternoon/evening! 早晨/下午/晚上好!(3) How do you do! 你好!(4) I'm Lucy King. 我是露西·金。(5) Are you Peter Green? 你是彼得·格林吗?(6) Yes,I am/No,I'm not. 是,我是。/不,我不是。(7) How are you? 你好吗?(8) How are you today/this afternoon/evening? 今天/下午/晚上好吗?(9) Fine,thanks. And you? 很好,谢谢。你呢?(10) I'm fine,too. 我也很好。(11) How is Amy/your father/your mother? 艾米好吗?/你爸爸好吗?/你妈妈好吗?(12) She is very well,thank you. 她很好,谢谢。(13) Good night,Jane. 晚安,简。(14) Goodbye,Mike. 再见,迈克。(15) See you tomorrow. 明天见。(16) See you later. 待会儿见。(17) How's everything? 过得还好吗?(18) Just so-so! 还行吧!02介绍(1) What's your name? 你叫什么名字?(2) May I have your name? 能告诉我你的名字吗?(3) My name is Jones. 我叫琼斯。(4) Just call me Tom. 就叫我汤姆吧。(5) What's your first name? 你的名字叫什么?(6) My first name is Bill. 我的名字叫比尔。(7) How do you spell your last name? 你的姓怎么写?(8) Jones J-O-N-E-S. 琼斯,J-O-N-E-S。(9) Who is the lady in white? 穿白衣服的那位小姐是谁?(10) What's your friend's name? 你的朋友叫什么名字?(11) His name is John Smith. 他叫约翰·史密斯。(12) John and I are old friends. 我和约翰是老朋友了。(13) Are you John's brother? 你是约翰的兄弟吗?(14) No,I'm not. 不,我不是。(15) This is Mr Jones. 这是琼斯先生。(16) This is Tom. He's my classmate. 这是汤姆。我的同学。(17) Nice to meet you. 很高兴认识你。(18) Nice to meet you,too. 认识你我也很高兴。(19) Let me introduce myself. 让我自我介绍一下。(20) I'd like you to meet. 我想请你见见(21) Come and meet. 来见见(22) I'm pleased/happy/glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你!03告别(1) Goodbye!/Bye-bye! 再见!(2) Good night! 晚安!(3)I'm afraid I have to go now. It's getting late. 天太晚了,我得走了。(4) Let's get together soon. 让我们不久再见。(5) See you soon/later/tomorrow. 一会儿见/明天见!(6) We had a good time. 我们过得很愉快!(7) Thank you for having us. 多谢款待我们。(8) It's a pleasure! 不客气。(9) Take care. 请慢走。(10) Please give my regards to. 请代我向问好。(11) Please say hello to. for me. 请代我向问好。04打电话(1) Hello. May I speak to Mr Green? 你好,我可以和格林先生讲话吗?(2) Just a moment. 等一会儿。(3) He's not in. May I take a message for him? 他不在,我能替他捎个口信吗?(4) Yes,please. 是的,麻烦了。(5) Would you answer the phone please? 你能接一下电话吗?(6) I want to make a long distance call. 我想打个长途电话。(7) This is Mary Speaking. 我是玛丽。(8) Would you tell Mr Green that I called?你能告诉格林先生我给他打了个电话吗?05祝愿与应答(1) Wish you good health and lots of happiness.祝你身体健康,幸福快乐。(2) Good luck(to you)! 祝你好运!(3) Merry Christmas! 祝你圣诞快乐!(4) Happy New Year! 新年好!(5) Happy birthday! 生日快乐!(6) Enjoy yourself! 祝你玩得愉快!(7) Have fun! 祝你玩得愉快!(8) Have a good time! 祝你玩得愉快!(9) Congratulations! 祝贺你!(10) Thank you,and you too. 谢谢,也祝您快乐。(11) The same to you. 把同样的祝福也送给您。06道歉与应答(1) I'm sorry. 对不起。(2) I'm sorry for. 对不起(3) I'm sorry about. 对不起(4) Excuse me. 劳驾。(5) I must apologize to you for. 我必须为向你道歉。(6) Never mind. 没关系。(7) It doesn't matter. 没关系。(8) I'm sure you didn't mean to do it. 我相信你不是故意的。(9) Forget it. 别放在心上。07遗憾与同情(1) I'm sorry to hear that. 听到这消息我很难过。(2) I know how you feel. 我能体会你的感受。(3) Don't worry about it. 别担心。(4) I'm sure things will improve. 事情会好起来的。(5) It's not the end of the world. 这并不是世界末日。(6) That's too bad. 那可太糟糕了。(7) That's shame! 太遗憾了。(8) What a shame. 太遗憾了。08邀请与应答(1) Do you want to.? 你想做吗?(2) Would you like to.? 你想做吗?(3) How would you like to.? 你想做吗?(4) Would you be interested in.? 你对感兴趣吗?(5) Won't you join us? 愿意加入我们吗?(6) That sounds great. 听起来够棒的。(7) That sounds like fun. 听起来蛮有意思的。(8) I'm afraid I can't come to your party.恐怕我不能参加你的晚会。(9) Maybe some other time. 改天吧。09提供(帮助等)和应答(1) Can I help you? 我能帮忙吗?(2) Thanks. That would be nice. 谢谢,那太好了。(3) What can I do for you? 我能为你做些什么?(4) That's very kind of you. 你真好。(5) Let me help you. 让我来帮你。(6) Thank you for your help. 谢谢你帮忙。(7) Would you like some.? 你想来点?(8) Yes please. /No,thanks. 好吧。/不用了,谢谢。10请求允许和应答(1) Can/Could I.? 我可以吗?(2) Yes/Certainly. Yes,do please. /Of course(you may). That's OK/all right. 当然可以。(3) I'm sorry,but/You'd better not. 恐怕不行。/你最好不要11表示同意或不同意(1) Certainly/Sure/Of course. 当然可以。(2) Yes,please. 可以。(3) Yes,I think so. 是的,我想可以。(4) That's true. 可以。(5) All right/OK. 好吧。(6) That's a good idea. 好主意。(7) I agree(with you). 我同意(你的意见)。(8) No,I don't think so. 不,我认为不可以。(9) I'm afraid not. 恐怕不行。(10) I really can't agree with you. 我真的不能同意。12表示肯定和不肯定(1) I'm sure. 我肯定。(2) I'm sure that. 我肯定(后接宾语从句)(3) I'm not sure. 我不敢肯定。(4) I'm not sure if. 我不敢肯定是否(5) Maybe/Perhaps. 可能吧。13谈论天气(1) What's the weather like today? 今天天气如何?(2) How is the weather in England?英格兰的天气怎么样?(3) It's fine/cloudy/windy/rainy晴天/多云/有风/有雨。(4) It's rather warm/cold/hot today,isn't it?今天很暖和/冷/热,是吗?(5) Lovely weather,isn't it? 天气不错,不是吗?(6) What a heavy rain! 好大的雨!(7) What a strong wind! 好大的风!14购物(1) Can I help you? 你想买点什么?(2) What can I do for you? 你想买点什么?(3) I want/I'd like/I'm looking for. 我想买点(4) What colour/size/kind do you want? 你想买什么颜色/尺寸/种类的?(5) Do you have any other kind/size/colour? 还有其他种类/尺寸/颜色的吗?(6) Is that all? 还要别的吗?15问路和应答(1) Excuse me,where's the nearest hospital?请问,最近的医院在哪儿?(2) Excuse me,which is the way to.?请问,哪一条是去的路?(3) Excuse me,can you tell me the way to.?请问,你能告诉我去的路吗?(4) How can I get to.? I don't know the way. 怎样才能到?我不认识路。(5) Go down this street. 沿着这条街往前走。(6) Turn right/left at the first crossing.第一个十字路口右/左拐。(7) It's about. meters from here. 离这米。(8) Is it far? 远吗?(9) How far is it? 有多远?(10) You'd better take a bus. 你最好乘公共汽车。(11) Which number do I need? 我该乘哪一路车?(12) I think you need a No.5 bus. 我认为你应该乘五路车。(13) Sorry,I don't know. You'd better ask the policeman over there. 对不起,我不知道,你最好问问那边的那个警察。16问时间或日期和应答(1) What day is(it)today? 今天星期几?(2) What's the date today? 今天几号?(3) What time is it? 几点了?(4) What's the time,please? 几点了?(5) It's Monday. 今天是星期一。(6) It's July 1st. 今天是七月一日。(7) It's six o'clock/half past five/a quarter to five/four thirty.六点/五点半/五点差一刻/四点半。(8)It's time for/to do. 到了该干的时候了。17请求(1) Can/Could you. for me? 你能替我做吗?(2) Will/Would you please.? 你可不可以?(3) May I have.? 我可以吗?(4) Please give/pass me. 请给/递给我(5) Please wait(here/a moment). 请稍等。(6) Please wait(for)your turn. 请等到轮到你时。(7) Please stand in line/line up. 请站成一排。(8)Please hurry. 请快点。18劝告和建议(1) You'd better ask that woman. 你最好问问那位妇女。(2) All right. Thanks. 好吧,谢谢。(3) Why don't you go to the park? 为什么不去公园呢?(4) Right. I'll do that. 好,就这么办吧。(5) How/What about going out for a walk? 去散散步怎么样?(6) That's a good idea. Thank you. 好主意,谢谢。(7) I think you'd better look it up in the dictionary.你最好还是查查字典。(8) You are right. 你说得对。(9) Shall we play together? 我们一起玩好吗?(10) You shouldn't stay up too late. 别睡得太晚。(11) I don't mind. 我不介意。19禁止和警告(1) You can't do that. 别那么做。(2) If you don't get up,you'll be late for school.你再不起床就会迟到了。(3) Be careful! 小心!(4) Take care! 小心!(5) Don't walk there. The floor is wet.别走那儿,地板湿的。(6) Make sure you lock the door when you leave.你走的时候把门锁好。20表示感情(1) I'm glad/pleased/happy to meet you. 很高兴见到你。(2) That's nice. 那好吧。(3) That's wonderful/great. 太棒了!(4) What's wrong? 怎么了?(5) What's the matter? 怎么了?(6) I'm/He's/She's worried. 我/他/她有点担心。(7) Oh. What shall