八年级英语下册Unit8Agreenworld词汇与语法基础训练新版牛津版20180903346.doc

Unit 8 A green world知识精讲一、必背词汇dig vi.&vt. 挖（洞，沟等）serious adj. 认真的，严肃的reduce vt.&vi. 减少，降低recycle vt. 回收利用，循环利用wise adj. 明智的，充满智慧的plastic n. 塑料separate vt.&vi. 分开，隔开allow vt. 允许punish vt. 处罚，惩罚fine vt. 罚款depend vi. 依靠，依赖，指望rich adj. 丰富的；富有的resource n. 资源produce vt. 导致，产生difference n. 差异，不同（之处）poster n. 海报display vt.&vi. 展示；陈列pollute vt. 污染harm vt. 伤害；损害living adj. 活着的，活的survey n. 调查empty adj. 空的dust n. 灰尘，尘土harmful adj. 有害的soil n. 土壤coal n. 煤oil n. 石油；原油；食用油gas n. 气体；煤气form vt.&vi. 形成carelessly adv. 满不在乎地；粗心地reuse vt. 再使用simple adj. 简单的step n. 步骤，措施power n. 电力，力量breadfruit n. 面包果2二、重点词汇1. separate adjective & verb./sep.r.t/adj.existing or happening independently or in a different physical space各自的；单独的，不同的例句： I try to keep meat separate from other food in the fridge. 我想把肉同冰箱里的其他食物分开放。v.1). to (cause to) divide into parts（使）分离；（使）分开例句：The north and south of the country are separated by a mountain range. 这个国家的南北两部分被一条山脉隔开。2). to make people move apart or into different places, or to move apart（使）分开；（使）分散例句：Perhaps we should separate now and meet up later. 或许我们现在应该分开，晚些时候再见面。2. serious adjective /s.ri.s/1). severe in effect; bad严重的；糟糕的例句： There were no reports of serious injuries. 没有接到有人重伤的报告。2). not joking or intended to be funny严肃的，认真的例句： He was wearing a very serious expression and I knew something was wrong. 他一脸严肃，我就知道出差错了。3). A serious person is quiet, thinks carefully about things, and does not laugh a lot.（人）严肃的，不苟言笑的例句： I remember her as a very serious child. 我记得她是个很严肃的小孩。4). determined to follow a particular plan of action坚决的；认真的例句： Is she serious about going to live abroad? 她真的想移居国外吗？3. depend verb /dpend/to be decided by or to change according to the stated thing由决定，取决于例句：Whether or not we go to Mexico for our holiday depends on the cost. 我们去不去西班牙度假取决于需要花费多少钱。【拓展】it (all) dependsit is not decided yet看情况再决定，看情况再说例句："Are you going to Emma's party?" "I don't know, it depends - we might be going away that weekend." “你去参加埃玛的晚会吗？”“说不好，看情况再说吧那个周末我们可能要外出。”4. difference noun /df.r.ns/1). C or U the way in which two or more things which you are comparing are not the same区别，差别，不同例句： What's the difference between an ape and a monkey? 猿和猴有什么区别？2). a disagreement分歧，争论，争议例句：They had a terrible argument a few weeks ago, but now they've settled/resolved their differences. 几年前他们发生过一次激烈的争吵，不过现在他们的分歧已经消除了。【拓展】1). make a (big) differenceto improve a situation (a lot)（极大地）改善例句：Exercise can make a big difference to your state of health. 锻炼会极大地改善你的健康状况。2). not make any differenceto not change a situation in any way没有引起任何变化例句：You can ask him again if you want, but it won't make any difference - he'll still say no. 你如果愿意可以再去问他，但结果还是一样他还会说不。3). with a differenceused to say that something is unusual, and more interesting or better than other things of the same type与众不同，不同寻常，别具一格，更胜一筹例句：Try new Cremetti - the ice cream with a difference. 试试新的克里梅蒂不同寻常的冰激凌。5. harmful adjective /hm.fl/causing harm有害的例句： This group of chemicals is known to be harmful to people with asthma. 已知这类化学品对哮喘病患者有害。三、必背短语turn off 关上（开关）cut down 砍倒depend on 依靠， 取决于depend upon 依靠，取决于run out 用完，耗尽in place 在正确位置make a difference （对）有影响，起作用四、经典句型1. Will more trees be planted this year?今年会种植更多的树木吗？2. We can protect the environment by recycling waste.我们可以回收利用废物来保护环境。3. For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees.例如，我们不可以砍伐树木。4. When is the show going to be held?表演什么时候举行？5. Air pollution is harmful to our health.空气污染对我们的健康有害。三点剖析一、考点一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态一般有两种形式:1. 第一种形式1). 肯定句：主语+will be+及物动词的过去分词+其他例句： The new film will be shown next Sunday. 这部新影片将于下周日上映。2). 否定句：主语+won't be+及物动词的过去分词+其他例句： The new film won't be shown next Sunday. 这部新影片将不会于下周日上映。3). 一般疑问句：Will+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他例句： Will the new film be shown next Sunday?这部新影片将于下周日上映吗？2. 第二种形式1). 肯定句：主语+ am/is/are +going to be+及物动词的过去分词+其他例句： The sports meeting is going be held this Friday.运动会将于本周五举行。2). 否定句：主 语+ am/is/are + not + going to be+及物动词的过去分词+其他例句： The sports meeting isn't going be held this Friday.运动会将不会于本周五举行。3). 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+ 主语+ going to be+及物动词的过去分词+其他例句： Is the sports meeting going to be held this Friday? 运动会将于本周五举行吗？注意：在时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。例句：If I am given enough time, I will go to Dalian for my holiday.如果给我足够的时间，我将去大连度假。二、易错点1. run out & run out of1). run out意为“用完；耗尽”，是不及物动词短语。其主语通常为物，表示“某物用完了”，是用主动语态表示被动含义。例句：My money has run out. 我的钱用完了。2). run out of意为“用完”，是及物动词短语。其主语一般是人，of后跟某物，表示“某人用完了某物”。例句：Jack has run out of money. 杰克把钱花完了。2. divide & separate1). divide作“分开，分离”讲，指把具有统一性的或整体的东西分成几部分，往往含有自然划分的意思，此词强调按比例划分或分隔成若干部分。例句：The class is divided into four groups. 这个班级被分为四个小组。2). separate除作“分开，分离”讲外，还可作“隔离”讲，此词指把原来结合在一起或混杂的动词分开，被分开的东西没有任何统一性，往往含有暴力使强行分开的意思，强调各部分的隔离。例句：Can you separate oxygen from air? 你能将氧气从空气中分离开吗？题模精选题模一：Unit 8 词汇应用例1.1.1 A little wine will not be _ to your health. Just dont drink too much.A helpfulB helplessC harmfulD harmless例1.1.2 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。1). 我认为过绿色生活对每个人来说都很重要。I think it is important _.2). 杰克太马虎了，他书房的灯昨天晚上没有关。Jack was too careless. The lamp in his study room _ last night.3). 我觉得你应该让玛丽坐地铁上学而不是开车送她去。I think you should let Mary go to school by underground _. to school.题模二：语法-一般将来时的被动语态例1.2.1 A new road _ near my school next year.A buildsB will buildC is builtD will be built例1.2.2 根据句意，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。1). More books _ (donate) to this school next term.2). Im afraid more people _ (hurt) by pollution in the future.随堂练习随练1.1 Its important for us to protect nature because we _ its rich resources to live.A depend onB leave forC give upD lead to随练1.2 - What should I do to live _ green life?-I think you should go by _ bike instead of driving your car.A a; aB the; /C a; /D /; /随练1.3 The government should stop them from _ trees in the forest.A cutting downB putting downC taking downD letting down随练1.4 I think we must give up using plastic bags to _ our earth.A produceB protectC provideD pollute随练1.5 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。1. 我不知道怎样处理这些旧书。I don't know_ these old books.2. 我认为政府将制定更多法律以保护环境。I think more _ by the government.3. 这些新型能源不仅成本低，而且对环境危害小。These new types of energy _ but also do little harm to the environment.4. 我觉得应该给我们更多的机会去学习依靠我们自己。I think we should be given more chances to learn to _.5. 在他们开始这个活动之前，他们会被分成四组。Before they start the activity, they will _.随练1.6 Driving after drinking wine _ in China.A allowsB doesn't allowC is allowedD isn't allowed自我总结课后作业作业1 Some people waste too much water. They don't believe that it can _ some day.A keep outB run outC be run outD run out of作业2 Please _ the lights when you go out.A turn downB turn upC turn onD turn off作业3 The soup tastes _ because it's too salty. I put salt into it too _ in a hurry.A terribly; carefullyB terrible; carefulC terrible; carelesslyD terribly; careless作业4 根据句意，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。1. I think children should be taught how to spend their pocket money _ (wise).2. (luck) _, the flowers and trees grow well because they are taken good care by some volunteers.3. Do you know there is an _ (organize) called “Green Hope” working to protect the environment in the city?4. The old text books will _ (collect) and we will give them away to the Hope Middle School.5. I would like to be a volunteer because I want to make a _ (different) both to my life and to the world.6. Smoking is_ (harm).7. There's _ (dusty) in the house everywhere.8. How often do you brush your _ (tooth )?9. Look! They are _ (dig) a hole beside the tree.10. To protect the earth, we mustn't throw away the waste _ (care).作业5 Not only Jim but also his parents _ a few interesting places since they came to China.A will visitB has visitedC have visitedD visited作业6 Let's wait and see whether books _ by the Internet in the future.A replaceB replacedC will be replacedD were replaced答案解析题模精选题模一：Unit 8 词汇应用例1.1.1【答案】C【解析】 考查形容词辨析，helpful有帮助的；helpless无助的；harmful有害的；harmless无害的。根据句意可知应选C。例1.1.2【答案】 1). for everyone to live a green life2). wasnt turned off3). instead of driving her【解析】 考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。题模二：语法-一般将来时的被动语态例1.2.1【答案】D【解析】 考查一般将来时的被动语态，根据next year可知时态为一般将来时，又因为主语A new road和谓语动词build之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态。故选D。例1.2.2【答案】 1). will be donated2). will be hurt【解析】 考查本课语法的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】A【解析】 考查动词词组辨析，depend on依靠，依赖；leave for动身去；give up放弃；lead to导致，根据句意可知选A。随练1.2【答案】C【解析】 考查冠词使用，前空考查短语live a green life，意为“过绿色环保的生活”；后空考查by bike，意为“骑自行车”。故选C。随练1.3【答案】A【解析】 考查动词短语辨析，句意：政府应该阻止他们砍伐森林里面的树木。短语cut down 意为“砍伐”，符合句意。故选A。随练1.4【答案】B【解析】 考查动词辨析，句意：我认为我们必须放弃使用塑料袋来保护我们的地球。protect 意为“保护”，符合句意。故选B。随练1.5【答案】 1. what to do with2. laws will be made to protect the environment3. not only cost little4. depend on ourselves5. be separated into four groups【解析】 考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。随练1.6【答案】D【解析】 考查被动语态，句意：酒后驾车在中国是不被允许的。Driving after drinking wine和allow之间是被动关系。故选D。作业1【答案】B【解析】 考查动词短语辨析，短语run out 意为“用完，耗尽”，无被动语态形式；keep out意为“阻止进入”；run out of意为“从中跑出来，用完”。根据句意可知故选B。作业2【答案】D【解析】 考查动词短语辨析，句意：当你出去的时候，请关灯。turn down 开小(音量)；turn up开大(音量)；turn on 打开(电源等)；turn off关闭(电源等)。根据常识可知，出去应该关灯。故选D。作业3【答案】C【解析】 考查形容词和副词辨析，句中taste作系动词，其后要接形容词，故排除A、D；第二空修饰谓语动词put，所以应用副词。故选C。作业4【答案】 1. wisely2. Luckily3. organization4. be collected5. difference6. harmful7. dust8. teeth9. digging10. carelessly【解析】 考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。作业5【答案】C【解析】 考查时态，根据since 引导的时间状语从句since they came to China可知，主句要用现在完成时态；根据not onlybut also就近一致原则的用法可知谓语动词用复数。故选C。作业6【答案】C【解析】 考查一般将来时的被动语态，句意：咱们等着看未来书是否会被网络代替。books 与replace 之间是被动关系，根据句中的in the future 可知该句用一般将来时。故选C。