高校英语四级语法精要：定语从句.docx

高校英语四级语法精要：定语从句 定语从句限制和非限制性定语从句: 限制性定语从句是名词词组不行缺少的一个组成部分, 去掉了会造成病句或意义不明确; 非限制性定语从句属于补充说明性质, 去掉了不会影响主要意义, 通常用逗号与它的先行词分开.the boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.the boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.假如定语从句的先行词是专出名词, 或是带有形容词性物主代词(my, his, etc)或形容词性指示代词(this, that, etc)作限定词, 其后的定语从句通常都是非限制性的:mary smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.her mother, who had lon arthritis, died last ni指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.my father, who had been on a visit to america, returned yesterday.all the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little : 非限制性定语从句, 假如修饰人, 一般用who, 有时用that (作主语时用who较多). 假如关系代词在从句中作宾语, 就应当用宾格 whom 或that, 但在大多数状况下都可以省略掉, 在口语中可用who代替whom.here is the man (whom) youve been lookinan (that) you can safely depend on.the people (who/that) you were talkine people here who i want you to meet.但在介词后只能用whom:this is the man to whom i referred.但在口语中一般都把介词放到句子后面去, 这时可用that, 但省略时更多一些.have you met the person about whom he was speakinet the person (that) he was speakin i spoke is my cousin.the y cousin.限制性定语从句假如修饰“物”, 用关系代词that的时候较多, 也有时用which. 当这个代词在从句中是用作宾语时, 在绝大多数状况下都是省略的, 特殊是口语中(尤其是当被修饰的词是all, everythinuch discussion.this is the question (that) weve had so much discussion about.定语从句一般是修饰名词或代词的, 但间或也可以修饰整个句子a), 或是句子的一部分 b), 引导词用which:they have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.the activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.when deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would for was.whose: 在表示“的”这个概念时, 可用全部格 whose; whose 用于指物, 有时可与of which交替使用, 通常的词序是 名词词组 + of which:is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast?we had a meetinpletely unclear. (the purpose of which was)hes written a book the name of which ive completely fore ive)of which前的名词词组也可以由some, any, none, all, both, several, enouany, most, few以及基数词担当; 这些词也能用在 of whom之前.the buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an anily of ei are studyinusic.关系副词 when, where, why: 它们的含义相当于 at which, in which, for which, 因此它们之间有交替使用的可能.the day when he was bornon which he was bornwhich he was born onthe office where he worksat which he workswhich he works at有时可用that替代关系副词, 在口语中that 可省略.every time (that) the telephone rine i had serious trouble with my boss.do you know anywhere (that) i can et yesterday.that is the reason (why) he did it.在the way 后也可用that 替代in which, 在口语中that也可省略.this is the way (that/in which) he did it.thats the way i look at it.假如定语从句中谓语为 there is, 作主语的关系代词也常可省掉:i must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as i can for the people.this is the fastest train (that) there is to nanjinan drivinan injured by the bullet (= who was injured by the bullet) was taken to hospital.all the women present (= who were present) looked up in alarm.